Papers on photography and life

On landscape photography and composition

Landscape photography is photography with natural scenery and human landscape as the shooting object. It is characterized by paying attention to artistic conception and discovery and harmony.

It is very important to find innovation and breakthrough. You need to find the right time, the right place, the right person and wait patiently. Its composition emphasizes discipline, including the application of foreground and shooting.

Choice of angle.

Keywords landscape photography concept, characteristics and composition

1 the concept of landscape photography

Landscape photography is based on natural scenery and human landscape.

Photography as a theme. Its shooting range

Very extensive, in terms of seasons, including spring, summer, autumn and winter,

As far as the subject matter is concerned, it includes mountains, water, flowers, grass, the sun,

Moon, stars, morning, wind, snow, fog, frost, rain, night and so on. It's big.

As big as famous mountains and rivers, as big as the sky and the universe, as small as a flower.

Every blade of grass can be photographed. Broadly speaking, landscape photography

Shadows also include urban scenery, architectural scenery, industrial scenery,

Agricultural scenery, cultural heritage scenery and so on. However, this article is in

Here we focus on the natural scenery.

2 the characteristics of landscape photography

2. 1 landscape photography pays attention to artistic conception.

Artistic conception is the highest peak of artistic realm and a work.

The highest embodiment of artistry. Artistic works are inevitable.

It has profound expressive force and artistic appeal. It embodies

The author's creative intention is his understanding of the objective scenery.

Feeling is expressed by photography, and then conveyed and reflected.

Sound and infect readers, so that readers have emotional resonance.

The artistic conception of landscape photography refers to the author's mastery.

An artistic environment in which ideas and objective scenery are integrated.

Boundary. Artistic landscape photography is created by the author.

Touching the scene, expressing the feelings of observation, thinking and creation.

An artistic painting of a landscape, lyrical by scenery, blending scenes. it

It is inseparable from the stimulation of things to the mind and the induction of things by the mind. only

Only by moving feelings into the work can we infect the work.

Readers, to achieve "implicit, implicit" artistic effect.

Fruit. Record natural scenery on photographic film by camera.

It is easy to do, but it is necessary to achieve the purpose of blending scenes.

The environment is very difficult. It's not a simple spring flower and autumn moon leisure.

Interesting, but full of the author's thoughts on natural scenery.

Emotion; It is not a purely objective record of natural phenomena.

Reproduction, but the author's refining in the vast sea of things.

The crystallization of. Of course, not every work can be shown.

Deep artistic conception, but a successful work must

Set scrolls, music, poetry in one, with high artistry.

Artistic conception

2.2 Landscape photography focuses on discovery and discovery.

In this world where there is no shortage of beauty, seek harmony.

Discovery is the most important. Even at the same shooting point.

Take the same scene for example, you should also be able to find the difference from others.

Different scenery, seize the best shooting opportunity. seek

Discovery and discovery is a broad concept, from macro to micro.

Microscopically. It can be a specific shape or it can be thick.

Lines can be colorful or cheerful.

Rhythm; It can be a spatial perspective or an interesting perspective.

Heart. Searching is a process, and discovery is a kind of creation. seek

Discovery and discovery are an important part of one's artistic creativity.

Now There is no shortage of beauty in this world, and there is no shortage of discovery.

2.3 Landscape photography lies in innovation and breakthrough.

Photography not only advocates being different, but also

There should be some innovations. Landscape photography is an art, art

There are rules, and rules can be broken. But the rules

First of all, we must learn and master, on the basis of proficiency.

On the basis of conscious change, innovation and

Breakthrough. Therefore, learning technology well and mastering skills are innovative and

The premise of breakthrough, and the premise of innovation and breakthrough is excellent technology,

A good result of exquisite craftsmanship.

"Love the new and hate the old" is the common aesthetic heart of people.

Rationality and innovation must be changed, and change can create new and innovative ones.

Can break through. Unconventional shooting concepts and methods are seeking to change.

The important means of innovation, innovation and breakthrough is photography creation.

The essence of.

2.4 landscape photography, to find the right time, place, and people.

"The right place at the right time" is what people often say about luck.

"Harmony between people" is a subjective effort. There is a saying in wind, light and shadow photography

The unwritten jargon is called "three points, seven points."

Gas. "

Timing refers to the choice of weather and light. For example,

Zhangjiajie, Huangshan and other scenic spots, only after rain or snow.

Clouds and clouds are most likely to appear, which can be seen through the weather.

Forecast and satellite images to understand the weather changes, and then

Select the shooting time. Although it is cloudy or rainy.

You can't shoot sunny scenery, but it's suitable for shooting warm ones.

And the scenery is rich and colorful, so you can change the main shot.

In order to adapt to the effect of the weather, this is called improvisation and smoothness.

At the right time. Accurate location refers to the choice of shooting point. The ancients said

"Mountain-shaped step", the same mountain, high and low horizons.

The effect is completely different. Shooting the same scenic spot often needs to be done.

Observe and compare as much as possible from different angles, and then

Make the best choice.

2.5 Landscape photography requires patience and waiting.

Patience is the basic skill of landscape photographers. For reasons

It's never easy to think of just "waiting".

Land requisition (of course, contingency is not excluded). When you find out

Or think that a scene is worth shooting, shooting conditions are as follows

When it is not ideal, you must wait patiently until.

The best time to shoot has come. For example, a famous photographer in China.

Yuan Dongfanghong, from discovery to waiting

The shooting was successful, and after several years, this work began to take shape.

It has become a masterpiece of photography and is recorded in the history of photography.

3 composition of landscape photography

Composition is to arrange the scenery in the best way.

Arrange in the most suitable position in the picture, that is, put the whole

These parts are unified to form a specific structure of the picture,

In order to realize the expression intention of the creator.

Photographic composition has a recognized principle:

The picture is concise and the theme is prominent. A simple picture does not represent painting.

Simple, more does not mean that the less the picture content, the better, but

A little more will make the picture look bloated and less likely.

Make the picture too thin; Simple and just right. Picture simplification

The purpose of cleaning is to highlight the theme.

Another rule of photographic composition is "golden section"

Cutting method ",also known as" Jiugongge composition method ",is on the screen.

Draw the shape of a well. The four intersections and their vicinity are

The best position of the subject. The so-called optimal position is

The most suitable position for people's visual viewing habits. But people

Students' aesthetic vision is often tired and needs new ones.

Adjust the best layout of people's aesthetic habits.

3. 1 landscape photography composition can be divided into four stages.

(1) conception. The photographer's view of the subject.

Examine, compare, brew and think, and determine the theme of expression.

(2) artistic treatment. How photographers use photography to create.

Type means, including the form of composition, the use of light and color.

Color matching, shooting timing, etc. , suitable for shooting

Image building.

(3) Finish shooting. Seize the best opportunity, especially

In the case of complicated and unpredictable light, firmness is especially needed.

Press the shutter decisively.

(4) Post-production. In the process of making photos,

You can make a second composition, that is, by cutting the picture.

To make up for the shortcomings in the previous composition. Simultaneous available number

Code technology modifies the image to make the photo more perfect.

3.2 Application of Depth of Field in Photographic Composition

Depth of field is widely used in landscape photography.

Important. When shooting, the focus is the focus, before and after the focus.

The clear range of is depth of field. Depth of field is the theme.

Clear imaging range. Large depth of field and clear image range

Generally speaking, landscape photography needs more depth of field.

The bigger the better. If the depth of field is small, the clear range of the image is small and small.

Depth of field often produces a strong contrast between reality and reality, which is also the wind.

One of the commonly used expression techniques in ray photography.

3.3 Factors affecting the depth of field

(1) Aperture size. The larger the aperture, the smaller the depth of field;

The smaller the aperture, the greater the depth of field.

(2) the length of the focal length. The longer the focal length, the smaller the depth of field;

The shorter the focal length, the greater the depth of field.

(3) the distance of the camera. The closer the camera is, the smaller the depth of field is;

The farther the camera is, the greater the depth of field.

3.4 Application of hyperfocal distance in Photographic Composition

Hyperfocal distance is widely used in landscape photography.

Pan. The so-called hyperfocal distance refers to the time when the lens is focused to infinity.

Distance from the nearest clear point of depth of field to the lens. use

Hyperfocal distance is to make full use of depth of field. Its method

Yes: first determine the aperture used, and then focus the lens.

The infinite symbol on the ring is adjusted to the symbol determined in Jing Shenbiao.

The number of apertures used should be corresponding. You don't need to shoot.

Focus on the subject, because everything you shoot is

Within a clear depth of field. Hyperfocal distance is the best choice.

In landscape photography, if a wide-angle lens with short focal length is used,

Shooting, the depth of field of the picture is wider.

Foreground application of wind, light and shadow photography

The foreground is in front of the main body, close to the fourth picture.

The scenery of Zhou. Objects that often serve as foreground in composition are

Trees, flowers, stones and so on. It often appears in landscape photography.

The theory of "one step at a time" means that it will happen in a small change.

Create new scenic spots, and this change includes shooting points.

Exercise also includes the selection and application of foreground.

4. 1 characteristics of the foreground

(1) A scene with a large and dark image, especially a large scene.

Scenes and scenes often need foreground to embellish.

(2) Contrast the subject, because of the prospect.

The topic is more prominent. For example, shoot autumn scenery with red leaves or yellow leaves.

Falling leaves are in front, autumn is stronger, and people's attention is drawn to

Theme.

(3) Enhance the sense of space, perspective and depth of the picture.

Feeling. The foreground is as bright as the foreground because of its large image and deep color tone.

Contrast between display screen size and timbre depth. A promising painting.

The surface is undulating, because the foreground makes the subject and background

With the reference object, the picture has a sense of space and transparency.

Vision.

(4) Balance the picture and enhance the decorative beauty of the picture. use

Use some regularly arranged or beautifully shaped scenes as the foreground.

Can make the picture vivid and unique. Sometimes in photos,

When there is a vacancy or imbalance, it can also be used to balance.

Pictures.

4.2 Problems needing attention in application prospect

The significance of (1) application prospect lies in enriching the picture.

Language, enhance the picture effect. Remember that the prospect is not too much.

Use, dispensable rather than not, in order to simplify the picture.

Jay.

(2) The shapes, lines, structures and colors of the foreground should be exhausted.

May be beautiful, closely connected with the main body and become a whole.

This part can help the theme express ideas, otherwise it would rather not.

Use.

5 Selection of shooting angle of landscape photography

The composition of landscape photography is largely through photography.

The choice of shooting point determines the shooting angle. Camera position

The distance and height of the screen determine the form of the picture. Specifically

In the process of shooting, the shooting angle is ever-changing, even flat.

For the same scene, the shooting angle is also different.

It's different. This paper mainly expounds and shows the most basic composition.

Mode-flat shot, overhead shot and overhead shot.

5. 1 projective

Flat shooting means that the shooting angle of the camera is right opposite to the lens.

Elephants are basically in the same horizontal position. Most photos

Film works are shot from a plane angle, because this is the most suitable.

In line with the aesthetic habits of the public.

(1) The characteristics of flat shooting: it is easy to make people close to nature.

The picture is easy to accept; This painting is easily separated from the landscape by the horizon.

It is easy to be compressed and overlapped, especially when using a telephoto lens.

That's right.

(2) Problems that should be paid attention to when shooting: During shooting,

Try to avoid the picture being equally divided by the horizon, because it is not very

According to the golden section, this painting looks dull. but

This is entirely possible if the composition needs it, for example, in the near

Shooting near the water will produce very interesting reflections.

At this time, you can intentionally emphasize the symmetry of the upper and lower sides, and Tianshui sets each other off; To avoid

Avoid the scenes from being compressed and overlapped, and make a composition.

Decorate the scenery in a patchwork way, or stand a little higher.

Shoot me.

5.2 prone shooting

Overhead shooting means that the shooting angle of the camera is higher than that of the subject.

Objects, shoot from top to bottom. When you shoot down, the horizon moves up,

The scene from far to near on the ground is shown on the screen as follows

Expand from bottom to top in turn.

(1) The characteristics of the overhead shot: "Once you climb to the top of the peep, you will see it, a glimpse.

The feeling of small mountains. Climbing high and looking far gives people a depth.

A great feeling; Is conducive to show the depth of the scene, table.

Levels, lines, patterns, topography, landforms and positions of existing scenery

Location, distance, quantity and the overall feeling and structure of the scene.

Sense; If freehand brushwork is the most important thing in backhand, then overhead is the most important thing.

Realism. Because the exaggerated effect of backhand is obvious, take the backhand.

Recording facts has a remarkable effect.

(2) Problems that should be paid attention to when shooting down: pay attention to composition.

Meaning the relationship between the local and the global, choose the theme suitable for expression.

Lens, don't overdo the wide-angle lens; Denggaowang

Far, safety first. Many photographers are taking pictures when they climb the mountain.

Careless camera or people fall down, causing heavy losses.

5.3 backhand

Upward shooting means that the shooting angle of the camera is lower than the angle being shot.

Objects, shooting from bottom to top. When you shoot upside down, you are below the horizon.

Let's move, the lower part of the main body is big and the upper part is small, bragging.

The effect of Zhang.

(1) Characteristics of backhand: The greater the height difference, the more praised.

The more obvious the effect of Zhang; The closer you are photographed, the more exaggerated you are.

The more obvious the effect; The wider the focal length of the lens, the more exaggerated the effect.

The more obvious it is.

(2) Problems to be paid attention to when shooting backhand: exaggeration of backhand.

Deformation effect can give people a strong visual impact, making people's ears

Brand-new, visual experience is much stronger than real life.

The closer the lens is to the subject, the more obvious the deformation is, so in

When using this shooting technique, it must conform to the performance.

Theme; Backhand has a strong freehand effect. But if you're lucky,

If you don't use it well, you will also have a great sense of depression. So shooting

Don't be too close to the subject when shooting.

reference data

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Press, 2005

2 Jiang Xixiang. Fundamentals of photography [M]. Hangzhou: Zhejiang Photography Publishing House,

2000

3 o'clock, Xue Huake. Photography skills [M]. Hangzhou: Zhejiang Photography

Press, 2000

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1997