Longyou, Xianju, Jinyun, Cangnan ... Why are the place names in Zhejiang fluttering?

Mount Xiandu, Jinyun, Lishui, Zhejiang. Photography/Feng Mubo

-Wind, scenery and words-

Zhenhai s

Longyou, Xianju, Jinyun, Cangnan ... Why are the place names in Zhejiang fluttering?

Mount Xiandu, Jinyun, Lishui, Zhejiang. Photography/Feng Mubo

-Wind, scenery and words-

Zhenhai shenyun

The prosperity of Qiantang

The domineering of Jiangshan

The chic of Xianju

Every time we unfold the map of Zhejiang Province, as long as we look at the place names, the temperament of each city will come to us.

Hangzhou, like a charming creature lingering among mountains and rivers, has a panoramic view of Qiantang, West Lake and Lin 'an, which are always suitable for light makeup and heavy makeup, and Fuyang and Tonglu, chinese odyssey.

Hangzhou West Lake Scenic Area has Jade Belt, Qinghong and Bath Bay (the blue font below refers to the names of county-level cities, counties, districts or towns). Photography/Han Yang

Jiaxing and Huzhou seem to be as gentle as jade, and they use "Jiashan" and "Deqing" to persuade people to be kind, like the wind of a gentleman; In Shaoxing and Ningbo, the weather is fine. A main city is named "Yuecheng", and the five characters "the originator of Yue culture" are written on it. The other is called Zhenhai and Ninghai, which are likely to swallow Wan Li.

"Zhenhai beast" waiting for loading and unloading in Ningbo Port. Photography/Li Qiong

The coastal temperature, Taiwan Province and boats are full of fairy tales. The Putuo and Daishan in Zhoushan remind people of "then he heard the story of a charming island at sea". Yueqing, Rui 'an, Yongjia and Taishun in Wenzhou are well versed in Taoism, and Taizhou is on the rooftop, in the "Xianju", as if the next moment is about to become an immortal.

Tiantai Mountain, a "beautiful scenery". Photography/Ke Weisheng

When we reached the backers of the West, such as Jin, Li and Qu, the painting style gradually became sparse. Jinhua is not only the "righteousness" of Yiwu, but also the "martial arts" of Wuyi (this is the martial arts of Wu Zetian). Longyou and Jiangshan in Quzhou are full of domineering just by looking at their names, and Lishui is the most picturesque-Qingtian, Liandu, Songyang and Jinyun. ......

"People, Culture, Mountains and Water" Photography in Lishui/KOOC-0/23 Photography/Han Yang; Figure 4 Photography/Lian Huiping

As big as the name of a province, eleven cities, as small as the ancient village of a county, with one mountain and one water, Zhejiang's place names seem to have been extracted from Tang poetry and Song poetry, and a wonderful article was compiled in a trance.

Zhejiang is the name of a river.

Qiantang River runs through the province, just like the silver hook iron painting and zigzag word "Zhi" written by scholars, so it is also called "Zhijiang" and "Zhejiang". Qiantang River, as the mother river of Zhejiang people, has contributed to the name of the province: "Zhejiang" belongs to the whole province, while "Qiantang" belongs to Hangzhou in ancient times.

There are many lakes and ponds in Hangjiahu, many rocks in Jinli District and many oceans, ports and bays in Yongtai. Cartography/Sun Studio

The place names of eleven prefecture-level cities in Zhejiang also stand out in this land that embraces famous mountains and rivers and the sea of stars.

Eleven cities and eleven states in Zhejiang in the prosperous Tang Dynasty.

Zhejiang is named after water, and "land in water" is called "state". The most romantic people in the Tang Dynasty extended "Zhou" to administrative units and divided the world into "360 States"-today, the city names of "single word+state" combinations all over the country mostly continue the weather of the Tang Dynasty.

Among them, Jiangsu and Zhejiang and Guangdong and Guangxi are the best preserved.

The administrative map of Jiangnan East Road in the 29th year of Kaiyuan in Tang Dynasty (AD 74 1 year) shows that Jiaxing was a part of Suzhou at that time. Refer to Tan Qixiang's Atlas of Chinese History. Cartographers/monks

As early as the prosperous time of Kaiyuan, the administrative maps of eleven prefecture-level cities in Zhejiang have been basically determined today-

Huzhou, Hangzhou, Taizhou, Wenzhou, Quzhou and Wuzhou are still in use today. Yuezhou (Shaoxing), Mingzhou (Ningbo), Wuzhou (Jinhua), Shuozhou (called Chuzhou in Sui Dynasty, now Lishui), Zhou Mu (called Yanzhou in Song Dynasty, now part of Hangzhou) and Xiuzhou (named in the Five Dynasties, now Jiaxing), except for the disappearance of ancient Yinzhou, the administrative scope has not changed much.

Zhaxi wuzhen Photography/Han Yang

Zhoushan, as the largest archipelago in China, is an independent city and the youngest prefecture-level city in Zhejiang.

A star in the sky, a city in Zhejiang.

Among the eleven prefecture-level cities in Zhejiang, the names of Shaoxing and Ningbo are quite political. The former is taken from the vision of "prosperity after crossing the Song Dynasty", while the latter is taken from the maritime ban policy of "Haiding Boning" in the Ming Dynasty.

Compared with "Xiuzhou", Jiaxing people agree with the word "Jiahe"-"Jiahe is a good place and Jianghuai is healthy; Jiahe is sorry, Jianghuai is frugal. " You can tell by the name that it is a big grain producer. Jiaxing in the name of "harmony" and Huzhou in the name of "lake" have a strong sense of CP. People in this province nicknamed it "farmer Jia" and "fish lake", which propped up the facade of "land of fish and rice" in Zhejiang.

Tang Ling is in Jiaxing. Photography/Xia Song

But the most romantic places are Jinhua, Lishui and Taizhou. Compared with the ancient people's habit of naming mountains and rivers, their names stand out from the stars all over the sky and are unique.

Jinhua is taken from "The Land of Venus and Wu Nv Competing for China" in "A New Ode to Yutai". Jinhua's "Jin" is a dazzling star, and Wuzhou's "Wu" comes from the romantic actress Wu.

Wuyi county taiji astrology village. Photography/Li Qiong

Similarly, from the theory of "dividing stars", there is Lishui, the "Chuzhou" where Chu Shi's star is located, with an innate sense of seclusion and celebrity romance; Taizhou, a place separated by three stars, is named after Tiantai Mountain in China. Mountains are named after stars, and states are named after mountains.

Taizhou Tiantai Mountain Liang Shi Waterfall. Photography/Han Yang

The county seat is like a star, and the county name is like a poem.

In Zhejiang, county-level cities are the most wonderful existence.

On the one hand, numerous counties and districts have contributed to "Greater Zhejiang", and various "county teams and district teams" have made great achievements in fighting guerrilla warfare economically. When Zhejiang people talk about their hometown, they have to be accurate to a county or district; On the other hand, county towns in Zhejiang often retain the ancient name of a region, even longer than prefecture-level cities.

The most typical is Yiwu, which is known as the "Galaxy Small Commodity Wholesale Center", and Dongyang, which is known as the "Asian Hollywood" Hengdian.

The former was the county seat of "Wu Shangjun" established in the Qin Dynasty, and the latter was named after Dongyang County, which once commanded the southwest of Zhejiang during the Three Kingdoms period. Jinhua is full of stars, Yiwu inherits the bright moon in Qin Dynasty, Dongyang retains the romantic atmosphere of Wudi, and the three cities stand upright, making Zhejiang shine.

Hengdian Film and Television City Photography /Louvain

There is also Linhai in Taizhou, named after the "Linhai County" of Soochow in the Three Kingdoms period, which has been the capital of Taizhou for thousands of years; Another example is Yongjia, Wenzhou, which retains the "Yongjia County" where Xie Lingyun worked in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. The famous Yongjia school in history, poetic style and plain "Yongjia Four Spirits" all came from this.

Fishermen in nanxi river, Wenzhou. Photography/May Porridge Map/Picture Worm Creativity

During the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, Wang Shixing, a geographer born 40 years earlier than Xu Xiake, divided Zhejiang into three parts:

The plain water towns of Hangzhou, Jiaxing, Huzhou and Shaoxing are for the people of Zeguo.

Jinshan, Qushan and Yanchu Mountain are dangerous to people in the valley.

Nanjing, Taiwan, Wenzhou and Zhoushan are connected and used by coastal people.

If you look at the map, this geographical distribution is more intuitive. For example, the most famous ancient town in the south of the Yangtze River is not entirely a "small bridge flowing water" model in Zhejiang. On the contrary, due to the difference of terrain, it is divided into three factions.

The "water town school" is a typical Jiangnan flavor, which is mostly distributed in the Hangjiahu Plain near Jiangsu, such as Xitang in Jiaxing and Tangqi in Hangzhou. The word "pond" means a small pond, such as Nanxun Town in Huzhou, Wuzhen Town in Jiaxing and Heming Ancient Town in Ningbo. The area is covered with lakes, swamps and water networks.

People in Nanxun Watertown. Photography/Leuven

Most of the "landscape schools" are located in the west of Zhejiang, and they are often surrounded by mountains and waters, which have both the charm of water towns and the straightness of green hills. There are more than 200 ancient villages in Lishui's landscape valley, all backed by Qingshan and Fangtang. The ancient town of Badu, Quzhou, guards the Fujian-Zhejiang passage between Xianxialing, and crows in one town are heard in three provinces.

The 28-crossing ancient town is rich in Huizhou and Jiangxi elements. Photography/Zhou Yong

What is more distinctive is the "Ocean School". Dinghai Ancient City in Zhoushan is the only "island cultural city" in China, while Shipu Ancient City in Ningbo is deeply hidden in a ravine with towering walls. One end of the hook is connected to the fishing village in the harbor, and the waves are rough. From the names of "Dinghai" and "Shipu", you can vaguely smell the smell of sea breeze hunting.

Shipu fishing port ancient city. Photography /OneDayFoto map/figure worm creativity

According to the geographical situation, Zhejiang's poetic and picturesque scenery also appears in this place name including mountains, rivers, lakes and seas.

O, like a beautiful woman

Water contains the temperament of Zhejiang people.

Just as the Qiantang River flows thousands of miles, the Fuchun River in the middle reaches is narrow-eyed, sighing that "Fuyang to Tonglu is a hundred miles, and the strange mountains and different waters are unique in the world"; The Qiantang River downstream is magnificent. In the Southern Dynasties, facing the "first spring tide in the world", Chen Baxian yearned for "the seas run dry and the rocks crumble", and Haining in Jiaxing was born.

Fuchun River sees "spring". Photography/Chang Jianru

Rivers as far away as Qujiang, Wujiang, Tunxi and Yongjiang, as well as Jiaojiang and Oujiang, form their own schools and flow into the sea alone. Behind every river stands a male city. As small as Fenghua River, New Yangtze River, puyang river, Longquan Creek and Changshan Port ... even the smallest city has its own cultural background.

Qiandao Lake in Chun 'an, Hangzhou. Photography/Han Yang

In Hangjiahu Plain and Ningshao Plain, which are criss-crossed by water networks, lakes are scattered all over the place. The West Lake in Hangzhou has made the world miss the Millennium. Jiaxing Nanhu carries red memories. Jianhu Lake in Shaoxing exudes awe-inspiring chivalry. Moon Lake in Ningbo has infinite tenderness. Huzhou witnessed the rise and fall of Wuyue culture in the name of Taihu Lake. ...

Between the waves, a thousand years suddenly passed.

Mountains are blue eyebrows.

Compared with the water system named after place names, the famous mountains in Zhejiang are often written by celebrities.

Every mountain hides the past.

Moganshan in Huzhou, named after the initials of Mo Xie, a couple who cast swords with their bodies, has now become the hottest homestay in the country; Xianju in Taizhou was once verified as the prototype of "Tianmu Mountain" written by Shi Xian, which was one head higher than "the same ladder ridge is hundreds of miles long". The clouds in the mountains are steaming, hazy and full of fairy gas.

Buildings at the top of Moganshan Mountain. Figure/vision china

Xuedou Mountain in Ningbo is the fundamental Dojo of Maitreya, Huiji Mountain in Shaoxing is Dayu's "land of calculating merit", Yandang Mountain in Wenzhou contains the complex of "autumn geese return to the south", Kecheng District in Quzhou is named after Michelle Mountain, the holy land of Weiqi, and Taibaijian, the main peak of Jinhua Dongbai Mountain, was once the place where Li Bai boarded.

Xuedou Mountain in Fenghua is an important stop of the East Branch of the Road of Tang Poetry. Photography/Jiangnan

This series of famous mountains, like nodes, formed the famous "Road of Tang Poetry in East Zhejiang". Wang Xizhi, Xie Lingyun, He, ... Xie Wang had a romantic life, and Du Li's Bai Yuan had immortal poems. The famous articles in textbooks all originated in the mountains of Zhejiang.

Haishimen front road

Zhejiang people have an ambiguous relationship with the sea.

During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the central government placed its hopes on Zhenhai, Ninghai and Dinghai, and changed the Mingzhou Prefecture, which was originally based in Siming Mountain, to Ningbo Prefecture, which means "Haiding Boning".

Linhai Great Wall. Photography/Fuding

The majestic ancient Great Wall was built in the coastal area of Taizhou. Coastal areas are not "coastal", and the main city is quite far from the coast. The whole city itself is like a high wall between land and sea.

However, when shipping was opened, the sea became the most precious wealth of Zhejiang people. The most adventurous Wenzhou people went into business and became an economic legend of an era. There are Longwan and Longgang in the territory, which embodies the momentum of Wenzhou's "dragon entering the sea" everywhere.

Jade Island in Taizhou is like a dragon exploring the sea. Photography/Fuding

Zhoushan, on the other hand, was excluded from Ningbo's jurisdiction and became an independent city, becoming the only prefecture-level city in China established as an island. There are many island names with "literary flavor" in the territory, such as Taohua Island, Putuo Mountain, Dongji Island and Gouqi Island.

After all, for Zhejiang people, mountains and rivers are the way home, and the sea is the way forward.

Containers in Ningbo Port. Photography/Li Qiong

It's hard to say, in the final analysis, it's the context handed down from generation to generation by Zhejiang people, which has shaped poetic place names; It is also a fertile cultural ground of famous mountains and rivers, which has nurtured the literary spirit of Zhejiang people.

But no matter which one, it reveals the strong cultural self-confidence of Zhejiang people.

Nanxun, Wen Qi. Photography/Leuven

On the one hand, the source of this confidence lies in the stability of administrative divisions. From eleven ancient states to eleven prefecture-level cities today, the jurisdiction of Zhejiang has maintained continuity. Even during the turbulent Five Dynasties, Wang Qian Liu, who was "infatuated and could slowly return to Yi", maintained relative peace in his territory and left numerous "literary place names":

Quzhou Longyou, Jinhua Pujiang, Shaoxing Xinchang, Wenzhou Yueqing, Ningbo Yinxian (Yinzhou), Taizhou Tiantai, Huzhou Changxing ... these names are all from his hands. One of the most "domineering" changes is naturally Jiangshan City in Quzhou.

Jianglangshan Photography/Wang Hua

On the other hand, after the Han Dynasty, Zhejiang gradually became a "cultural highland". From Wei, Jin, Sui and Tang Dynasties, western Zhejiang was full of humanities and brilliant poetry. Since the Song and Yuan Dynasties, Zhejiang has become an economic center. Even in modern times, it is still famous and economically developed. Humanistic heritage and economic strength make every city, even a small town, full of self-confidence, and naturally become famous all over the world.

Shipu Fishing Port at dusk. Photography/Li Qiong

This "self-confidence" lies not only in persistence, but also in cultural output. From "Yiwu Commodity Market" all over China to "Zhejiang Village", "Wenzhou Village" and "Qingtian Village" all over the world ... those ancient place names that came out of Tang poetry and Song poetry will eventually spread all over the world and blossom everywhere.

-End-

Wenyu September

Photo editor | Zhu