What two Nobel Prizes did Madame Curie win?

1. 1903 Curie and becquerel won the nobel prize in physics for their research on radioactivity.

2. 19 1 1 year, he won the nobel prize in chemistry again for his discovery of polonium and radium.

Madame Curie's achievements include initiating the theory of radioactivity, inventing the technology of separating radioactive isotopes, and discovering two new elements: polonium and radium. She is the first person in the world to win two Nobel Prizes.

Under her guidance, people used radioisotopes to treat cancer for the first time. Due to long-term exposure to radioactive substances, Madame Curie died of malignant leukemia on July 3, 1934.

Extended data:

Personal glory

Madame Curie was the first person to win two Nobel Prizes in history. She won Nobel Prizes in two different fields.

Social assessment

Einstein said: "among all the world celebrities, Marie Curie is the only one who has not been spoiled by fame."

Chauffard, President of the Academy of Sciences: Marie Curie, you are a great scholar, a great woman who devoted herself to work and sacrifice for science, and a patriot who always worked for extra responsibilities in war and peace. We salute you. You are here, we can get spiritual benefits from you, and we thank you; We are proud to have you among us. You are the first French woman to enter the Academy of Sciences, and you deserve it.

The Curie family and the French Academy of Sciences

The scientific achievements of the Curies have been recognized by history. The scientific tradition of the Curie family lasted for four generations: Eleni, the eldest daughter of the Curie couple, and Frederic Joliot-Curie, the son-in-law, were engaged in radiation research; Pierre Iorio, the grandson, was a biophysicist; and Helen Iorio, the granddaughter, was also a nuclear physicist (Helen married the grandson of Madame Curie's lover physicist Lang Zhiwan). Allen Aurio, the fourth generation, recently received a doctor's degree in life science.

Among them, the first three generations are considered to be the main figures in the French scientific community. If we can make a certain degree of circumstantial evidence on whether or not we were elected as an academician of the French Academy of Sciences, pierre curie was elected in 1905, Frederic Joliot-Curie in 1942 and Pierre Iorio in 1982. Although they are all scientists, their situation is different. Especially in the early days, the process that the Curies were accepted and respected by the mainstream of French science was slow. The relationship between the Curies and the French Academy of Sciences is a side reflection.

Pierre curie was born in 1859 and Maria was born in 1867. 1at the end of 897, Maria began to write her doctoral thesis, and her tutor was Lippmann of Sorbonne University (a department of Paris University), but Maria went to Pierre's laboratory to do experiments, and they quickly evolved into a husband-and-wife cooperation, and found new radioactive elements within a few months. They won the Nobel Prize in Physics at 1903.

Pierre died in 1906, and Maria won the chemistry prize in191and died in 1934. The following year, their daughter and son-in-law won the prize. At first glance, they seem to be smooth sailing. However, Pierre was defeated when he was first elected as an academician of the French Academy of Sciences, while Maria never entered the French Academy of Sciences. Whether you can be elected as an academician is naturally a matter of honor and recognition for scientists.

In addition, in the scientific structure at that time, the French Academy of Sciences was the main institution responsible for scientific exchanges and research funds. In this way, it is more meaningful for French scientists to be elected as academicians. For example, because the Curies were not academicians, when their breakthrough discovery came out in 1898, their papers were published by other academicians of the French Academy of Sciences.

The Curie couple were rejected by the Academy of Sciences for different reasons. Pierre has a tendency to be withdrawn since he was a child. His family was not "upper class" at that time, and he was not a sociable person. The school he attended was not the most fashionable. He got a teaching position in the Institute of Physical Chemistry, not the famous Sorbonne University nearby. In fact, in 1898 and 1902, his application for Sorbonne was rejected twice.

1902 was nominated for the first time and was also unsuccessful. In this respect, he is not as indifferent as some people describe. It can be seen from his letter to his friend that he is unhappy. Pierre was elected as an academician of the French Academy of Sciences in 1905, eight years after they discovered radioactive elements and two years after they won the Nobel Prize.

At this time, some people in the social and scientific circles regarded Maria as a supporting role, and even a newspaper published an "interview" with reporters about Pierre's election as an academician, saying that she was very happy for her husband's success. As a woman, her only ambition was to help her husband work. This "interview" was denied by Madame Curie the next day: I have never spoken to anyone in your newspaper, and I have never expressed those feelings to anyone.

19 10, Madame Curie was nominated as a candidate for the French Academy of Sciences next year. This matter has caused controversy all over France: Can women become successful independent figures? Before that, there were two examples to illustrate the unfair treatment of women at that time: when Maria Curie won the Nobel Prize, no one thought of asking her to talk about her research work, only Pierre.

After winning the prize, Maria still only teaches in a girls' normal school without her own laboratory. It was not until Pierre died that Madame Curie took over his laboratory in Sorbonne, but she didn't have his title of chairman (Pierre was admitted to Sorbonne after winning the prize). These two things are "internal operations" of the education and scientific circles, reflecting the "thawing" situation at that time. Madame Curie's election as an academician of the French Academy of Sciences has become a bigger social discussion topic.

Tabloids, liberals, conservatives, feminists, churches, etc. Express your opinions and argue endlessly. Madame Curie was supported by famous scientists such as mathematician Poincare, but their voices were drowned out. Usually, academicians of the Academy of Sciences are elected by the Academy of Sciences. Academy of Sciences, College of Arts, School of Politics, etc. , in the name of the joint to form a larger organization. 19111This larger institution held a meeting before the Academy of Sciences voted, with a record attendance, and finally voted against women as academicians.

Under the social environment and the microclimate of "academic circles" at that time, when the Academy of Sciences ended with a vote of 1, Madame Curie lost to another scientist with 28 votes to 30 votes. Madame Curie never ran for office again. At the end of the same year, she won the second Nobel Prize. 5 1 year later, one of Madame Curie's students became the first female academician of the French Academy of Sciences.

On the surface, the Curies were not welcomed by the French authorities at the beginning of last century for different reasons, but the two examples are essentially the same: their judgments have no scientific basis, and the opinions of knowledgeable scientists are ignored by society and different "academic circles". In view of this, Jean Palin, a friend and colleague of the Curies and winner of the Nobel Prize 1926, has since actively participated in the reform of the French scientific system, including the establishment of the famous French National Scientific Research Center.

Baidu Encyclopedia-Madame Curie

People's Network-Curie Family and French Academy of Sciences