How to understand the relationship between major themes and diversification of themes

Brilliant achievements in film and television creation with major themes (cultural round table)

Lee Joon People's Daily (17, March 2009, 16 edition) is a major revolutionary historical film and television drama creation with the theme of revolutionary leaders and major historical events since the founding of China, which appeared in the early days of reform and opening up. Its birth itself is the symbol and achievement of the progress of the times and ideological emancipation. Because of its unique spiritual and cultural connotation, major film and television dramas have shown strong ideological and artistic charm once they were born, and become a new growing point and a particularly beautiful landscape in China's film and television creation and even the whole literary and artistic creation in the new period. If from the late 1980s to the mid-1990s, the screening of films with major themes, such as founding ceremony, Armageddon, Zhou Enlai, the Great Turning Point and the Long March, became the main symbol of the third climax of new China films, then from the end of the 20th century to the beginning of this century, the Long March, the sunrise in the East, the ode to Yan 'an and the Eighth Route Army.

Because the theme is particularly important and realistic, the film and television creation of major themes has received special attention and guidance from the central authorities from the beginning. 1In February, 1985, the meeting of the Secretariat of the Central Committee put forward four principles that should be observed in the creation of film and television dramas with major themes. 1in March, 987, the Central Secretariat approved the establishment of a leading group for film and television candidates with major revolutionary historical themes, which was responsible for the specific review of scripts and finished films of film and television dramas with major themes. Since then, the central authorities have continuously made new instructions and put forward new requirements for the creation of film and television dramas with major themes. This is the fundamental guarantee for the vigorous development of film and television creation with major themes. In particular, with the direct care and support of the Central Committee, a number of key works were launched in conjunction with major festivals and anniversaries, which had a strong response in society. They not only played an irreplaceable role in carrying forward the glorious tradition and playing the main theme of the spirit of the times, but also promoted the development and prosperity of the whole literary and artistic creation.

The creation of film and television dramas with major themes has gone through 30 years with reform and opening up, which can be described as brilliant achievements and valuable experience. As far as the creation itself is concerned, I think there are at least the following successful experiences: First, dialectically handle the relationship between historical truth and artistic fiction in accordance with the principle of "big things are not imaginary and small things are not arbitrary". The description of major historical events and the basic orientation of important historical figures must be loyal to historical facts and historical spirit; At the same time, in the setting of main characters and plots, in the description of details, we should spread our imagination wings according to the requirements of artistic laws. Only by solving this difficult problem can the works have real historical aesthetic character. Second, adhere to the writer as the center. Of course, film and television works with major themes should write about the historical process, but it does not undertake the task of general history textbooks, and cannot let characters drown in the narrative of specific historical processes. It is the only way to succeed to set up drama conflicts around the needs of shaping characters and bring out the historical process. Thirdly, the image of revolutionary leaders is regarded as the highest pursuit goal in ideology and art, and the image of leaders is the biggest attraction of major film and television dramas and the main symbol of their ideological and artistic level. The most important reasons are Long March, Sunrise in the East, Ode to Yan 'an, Zhou Enlai and Death of Autumn White. It can become a landmark work that has remained in people's minds for a long time, and it is the image-building of Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai, Chen Duxiu, Qu Qiubai and other leaders, especially the revelation of cultural personality, which has reached a new ideological and artistic height. Fourth, the creation of large-scale key works must realize the optimal combination of creativity and productivity. Otherwise, it will cause a waste of subject matter resources. These experiences have been repeatedly proved by practice and should be paid enough attention to.

Today, in the face of new opportunities and challenges, including the temptation of various ideological trends and the requirements of ratings, the further development of film and television drama creation with major themes should face up to and solve the following problems: First, we should further improve our understanding of the significance of film and television drama with major themes, more consciously go beyond the practice of making a running account and making achievements, strengthen the awareness of fine products, and improve the ideological, artistic and infectious nature of the works in accordance with the requirements of artistic laws. Second, adhere to the correct view of history, values and aesthetics, broaden the creative vision and thinking space, better absorb the fresh achievements of historical research and artistic creation, improve the ability to discover history and artistic innovation, and especially strive to achieve a new leap in shaping the image of leaders and radiating the spirit of the times. Thirdly, in the narrative mode, we should further realize the organic integration of grand narrative, family narrative and personal life experience narrative, and further explore the creative mode, continue to explore suspense dramas, lyric poems, musicals, youth idol dramas and comedies, and promote more and more diversified styles and styles. Fourth, the whole creative team should have a new promotion in cultural and artistic literacy. Sincerely look forward to greater development of film and television creation on major revolutionary historical themes.

I sorted out the real questions and reference answers of Nortel Director's exam for your reference.

1. Fill in the blanks (for each blank, 35 points in total. Please write your answers on the test paper. )

1, Song of Eternal Sorrow was written by Bai Juyi; The author of Peony Pavilion is Tang Xianzu; The author of Water Margin is Shi Naian; The author of The Journey to the West is Wu Cheng'en; The author of Li Sao is Qu Yuan.

2. The tragic work Hamlet is the work of Shakespeare, a famous British dramatist; Aristophanes is a representative writer of early comedy in ancient Greece, and is known as "the father of comedy". Balzac was a French writer who criticized realism in the19th century. Hemingway was a famous American writer in the 20th century. The author of Notre Dame de Paris is Hugo,/kloc-a famous French writer in the 9th century.

These seven kinds of arts are music, dance, drama, folk art, fine arts, photography and calligraphy.

4. The artistic work gleaner is the work of the famous French painter Miller in the19th century; The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival is the work of Zhang Zeduan, an ancient Northern Song painter in China. The Qin Shihuang and Terracotta Warriors unearthed near Xi, China are called "the eighth wonder of the world". The author of the drama Teahouse is a famous dramatist Lao She. The sculpture "The Gate of Hell" was written by Rodin.

5. The film was born in Lumiere Brothers1895 in Paris, France; The appearance of talking movies is1927; The birth of color film is 1935.

March of the Volunteers, the national anthem of China, was written by Tian Han and composed by Nie Er.

7. The three functions of art are to reproduce life, explain life and judge life.

8. The director of China's film Red women soldiers is Xie Jin; The film Hero is directed by Zhang Yimou. The director of the Japanese film Rashomon is Akira Kurosawa.

Second, multiple choice questions

1, the first part of the new China is (c).

A, Chinese sons and daughters B, Iron Blood Warrior C, Bridge D, Eight Bitches Throwing into the River

2. The author of China's ancient book Tao Te Ching is (A)

A, Laozi B, Zhuangzi C, Confucius D, Mozi

3. The author of Poetics is (1)

A, Aristotle B, Tchaikovsky C, Lessing D, Shakespeare

4, March of the Volunteers from China in the 1930s film (C).

A, Road B, Fishing Song Guangming C, Fengyun's daughter D, Peach Blossom Robbery

5, the highest state authority in People's Republic of China (PRC) is (B).

A. China Central Committee B. National People's Congress

C. People's Republic of China (PRC) the State Council C. the NPC Standing Committee

6, the turning point of the second world war is (D)

A, Normandy campaign B, Dunkirk campaign C, Pearl Harbor incident D, Stalingrad

7, in the history of world film, the film "new wave" movement in the late 1950s originated in (b).

A, Italy b, France c, America d, Germany

8, the author of shiji is (a)

A, Sima Qian B, Sima Guang C, Lao Zi D, Confucius

9 Life and Aesthetics was written by (c)

A, Mazen B, Cezanne C, Chernyshevski D, Eynde Hamm

10, the film "The Lins' Shop" was directed by the famous film director (A).

A, Bloom B, Tang C, D, Zheng

Third, the noun explanation

Artistic skills: It is the means and ability for writers and artists to refine materials, prompt the meaning of themes, arrange the structure of works, use materials such as language, lines, colors, volume and sound to create images, and conduct artistic exchanges. It is also an important factor for the effective expression of the content of works of art and the artistry of works.

The particularity of film time and space: film is both time art and space art. As a space-time art, film is different from pure time art, pure space art and other space-time comprehensive arts. The key lies in its special space-time synthesis, that is, it is a special three-dimensional art of one-dimensional time and two-dimensional space.

Detail: The smallest unit of describing characters, events, social environment and natural scenery in literary and artistic works.

Cartoon: a painting that directly reveals the essence and characteristics of things in a concise way. It is not limited by time and space, and is used to metaphor, exaggeration, symbol and other techniques and forms. They have strong satire, praise, lyricism, entertainment and other functions, and are good at expressing their views and feelings about the world, especially satire and humor.

Classical music: generally refers to the music with exemplary significance or representativeness in the past tense (excluding folk music).

Fourth, short answer questions

1. Briefly describe the relationship between art and life.

A: Art comes from life and is higher than life. They are interdependent and mutually reinforcing. Art refers to the experience, perception, refining and processing of natural phenomena in all activities in nature, and it is expressed in the form of art. Life refers to all human activities in nature.

(1) Life is full of art, and art is everywhere in life. We can experience beauty from life, and art is everywhere.

(2) Life is not all art, real life is not all art, and the formation of art needs choice and trade-off, rather than simply copying nature.

(3) Art comes from life. Art embodies life and nature everywhere. Art comes from life, and life comes from nature. Life is varied and natural changes are endless. Therefore, art is also colorful.

(4) Art is higher than life. Art comes from life, but it is higher than life. Art is the refining, processing and re-creation of life.

2. What do you think are the main problems in China's main melody film creation and how to solve them?

A: The main questions are:

(1) There are many problems in the selection of materials, such as rigidity, symbolization and patterning, and serious personal inclination, which is divorced from the audience's appreciation. There are some problems that we can't fully and accurately understand "promoting the main theme" and "promoting diversity". Our understanding of the main theme is very narrow, and we make it a theme, thinking that only major revolutionary historical themes, British model themes and national key projects are the main themes. In addition, we oppose the main theme and diversity, separating the main theme from the popularization and popularization of works, and think that the main theme works do not need market inspection, which leads to some works being invisible at all. )

(2) The blocking of distribution channels makes it impossible to complete industrial operation. Without sufficient returns, it is difficult to have more capital investment to support creation.

(3) Lack of quality awareness and lack of competitiveness in creative direction. It is difficult to make breakthroughs and there is little innovation.

(4) The award mechanism is poor. There is neither an award with international influence nor an authoritative award based on the audience and in line with the audience's psychology.

What is the relationship between the characters in a movie and the plot?

A: (1) The development of the plot is due to the actions of the characters. Plot is to describe people's actions on things; As a result, because the characters' personalities (thoughts, feelings ...) are different or some parts are the same, some people are interrelated in the middle of their actions. Some people contradict each other, which makes the event evolve (that is, the plot develops). It can be seen that the development of the plot is due to people's actions, and people's actions are based on their personality. Therefore, the development of the plot is subordinate to the character, and it cannot be made out of nothing.

(2) Depicting characters through plots. Because, to see what kind of person a person is, what kind of personality he has (thoughts, feelings ...) can only be seen from his attitude towards things and people and what actions he takes. The task of the plot is to describe the attitudes and actions of these characters towards things and people. Obviously, if the plot does not undertake this task, there will be no outstanding and distinctive characters.

From this point of view, the characterization of characters and the description of plot development are actually the same thing, which are mutually beneficial and complementary, and no one can do without anyone. If the plot does not develop out of thin air according to the character's personality, it will certainly not be "reasonable"; The plot development is unreasonable (because there are no characters, it develops out of thin air), and there will be no outstanding and profound image.

4. What are the three characteristics of realistic literary works?

(1) Observing and experiencing life, trying to make the artistic description conform to the physical representation and logic of real life in appearance and detail;

(2) Pay attention to the application of typical methods, and strive to express the essence and laws of life through the details in artistic description;

(3) Generally, they don't express their feelings directly in their works, and their ideological tendency is relatively hidden.

5. What do you think of the present situation of TV plays in China?

A: (1) China's TV dramas have huge consumption, broad development space and huge production capacity. Has a huge coverage of the projection and playback network support. Similarly, there is also confusion and lack of standardization in the market; The quality of the production team is mixed; There are few famous products, insufficient publicity and insufficient returns; There is waste in distribution network and production facilities and equipment.

(2) The market lacks effective policies and regulations, supervision and management teams and methods; Lack of effective access mechanism and talent rating system; Lack of awareness of industrial production and circulation, professional knowledge and quality awareness; The short-sighted behavior of investors and production teams is widespread; Repeated investment and other historical problems are serious.

(3) Make full use of the huge consumption space of China TV drama market; Standardize the management of TV drama market and establish effective management mechanism, policies and regulations; Establish and improve the talent selection mechanism, improve the quality of TV drama production, and produce more masterpieces; Improve the publicity and distribution channels, so that they can get better returns, thus promoting regional development; Make full use of resources, put an end to repeated investment, put an end to the short-sighted behavior of investors and production teams, and save resources; Participate in competition and seek development in competition.

There is no standard answer to the subjective questions in the short answer questions. Candidates are encouraged to express their opinions and be brave in innovation. The answers provided in this post are for reference only.

Solution:

(1) We need to further strengthen our study and emancipate our minds.

(2) We should further deepen the reform and straighten out the industrial development mechanism. (We should earnestly complete the transformation from business to industry, follow the laws of the film industry, carefully study the market demand, vigorously carry out marketing, strive to expand market share, standardize the film market order, and learn from the successful experience of private institutions in publicity and distribution, so that excellent domestic films can win the market and occupy the market. )

(3) We should further establish a sense of quality products and make bold innovations. It is necessary to break through the inherent creative mode, carefully temper the plot and characters, enhance the attraction and appeal of the works, and strive to combine ideological, artistic and ornamental. )

(4) We should further improve the film awards and establish an incentive mechanism. (It is necessary to further improve the existing film award system, improve the award method, and take the satisfaction and dissatisfaction of the masses as the standard for testing works, so as to better let the people participate in the evaluation. )

(The above are the main problems existing in China's main melody melody film creation, and accordingly, we put forward solutions to give full play to personal innovation. )