Introduce the camera, classification, SLR and so on in detail.

I wrote this in the school magazine a few years ago. Link, here you are. I hope it helps.

On the classification of cameras (electronic cameras)

I wonder if you have studied the classification of cameras. In fact, from different angles, the classification of cameras is different. I want to clarify here that the following classification of cameras is based on the medium and size of camera photosensitive elements. First of all, what is a photosensitive element? For electronic cameras, this photosensitive element is called CCD, charge coupling? Equipment. Its scientific name is Charge Coupled Device. "This is an integrated circuit with many capacitors neatly arranged on it, which can sense light and convert images into digital signals." For film, the photosensitive element is film. Why should cameras be classified from the perspective of sensory elements? This is because the size of the photosensitive element is directly related to the image quality. The larger the photosensitive element, the better the image quality. The reason is self-evident. Suppose we copy the same painting (such as Van Gogh's Starry Night) on different sizes of drawing boards, which one shows the details more clearly? Obviously, the large drawing board can better show the details of the painting, which means people can see it more clearly. This effect, if you want to study its principle in depth, is clearly stated on wiki. The price of camera also increases exponentially with the increase of CCD. The following officially begins the classification of cameras:

Electronic camera (digital? Camera)

1.？ Card machine? (compact? Numbers? Camera)

This is our most commonly used camera. There are many brands on the market and their prices are relatively low. You can buy this kind of camera for a few hundred dollars. Sony's T-series cameras, in particular, are small in size, bright in color and simple to operate, and have become good companions of many friends. The CCD size of the card machine is 1/2.3? Inch -? 1/ 1.7? Between inches. About the size of our nails. Such a small photosensitive element can make the distance between the lens and it less than 1 cm. This laid a good foundation for the portability of this camera. Most card cameras use electronic framing, autofocus and automatic metering. So, you can also call it a fool camera (dot? And then what? Shoot? Not only that, more fresh technologies are applied to this small fuselage. Such as touch screen, face recognition and so on. Even such a camera can record high-quality images with 720p. It can be said that it is not only portable, but also an eye-catching place.

Like what? Sony? t？ Series, Nikon? Coolpix？ Series,? Canon? PowerShot？ series

Check for leaks: Sigma? DP 1 is an amazing camera. His figure is like a card machine, but the size of CCD is much larger than that of ordinary card machine, almost catching up with SLR. The price is 7000 RMB. In order to reduce the fuselage, the lens is set as a fixed focus lens.

2.？ Single electricity? (evil,? Electronic? Viewfinder? Interchangeable? Lens)

Evil camera is very interesting. Not only his name, but also he opened up a new battlefield for photography. He was born because after everyone's enthusiasm for SLR cameras reached a fever pitch, the price of the SLR market became lower and lower, and the record fell below 3,000 RMB (Nikon? D40), which reduces the profits of the merchants a lot. In this smoky market, two companies dominate, Nikon and Canon. This makes many old camera manufacturers (Olympus, Pentax) and electronics production giants (Sony, Panasonic, Samsung) unable to seize the market share of SLR. They had to open up new battlefields, which led to the emergence of evil cameras. First of all, its CCD size is between SLR (non-Quan Huafu) and ordinary card camera, so its body is also between SLR and card camera, for the reasons I mentioned above. Not only that, a single camera can also change the lens like a SLR camera. In this way, the evil camera has the characteristics of a quasi-professional camera and is portable. Single camera has become an indispensable part of the photography industry. Although it only appeared in 2008, its market share has surpassed that of SLR in just a few years.

Like what? Sony? NEX-3/5，？ Pentax? K-x，？ Olympus? Ep-2，？ Sumsung？ NX 100

Check for leaks and fill gaps: Leica? X 1. I really can't tell his classification. Say his body size, and single electricity. But it's in APS format (not Quan Huafu SLR). The price is 2000 dollars. Leica also uses a fixed-focus lens.

3.？ single lens reflex

Finally, talk about SLR. Its full name is single-lens reflective electronic camera, DSLR. This kind of camera can be said to be a recognized professional camera. Although it is becoming more and more popular and the price is not so prohibitive (the price of SLR was never lower than 10000 RMB before 2000), it is still the mainstay of photography. Why is SLR a professional camera? This is related to its two characteristics. First, the size of his CCD is much larger than that of an ordinary card machine, and the picture quality is much better than that of a card machine or a single camera. Second,? Numerous lens groups give SLR cameras endless use space and higher image quality. His function is also more complicated. Almost all parameters can be adjusted manually, such as shutter, aperture, ISO, white balance, exposure compensation and so on. These have also caused many people to fear it. First, his fuselage is large and inconvenient to carry. Second, the operation is complicated, and it is relatively difficult for many people to get started. However, many friends still want to experience the professionalism of SLR cameras and the current approachable price. According to the size of CCD, SLR cameras can be divided into two categories, one is full-frame camera and the other is non-full-frame camera. The CCD size of SLR in Quan Huafu is 135 film, that is, 24mm*36mm, which is the most common film size we can usually buy. (For 135 film, it will be explained in detail later. ) There is also a non-Quan Huafu SLR, also called APS frame, whose CCD size is smaller than that of the whole machine, but larger than that of single camera and card machine. Nikon divides its SLR into FX and DX. FX is full, DX is not. The price range of SLR is very wide, ranging from 3000 yuan to tens of thousands of yuan. So SLR is still a relatively expensive thing. So some people say, "Buy a SLR if you want to go bankrupt."

Like what? Full width: Canon? 1Ds？ Mark? Third,? Canon? 5D？ Mark? Second,? Canon? 5D？ Nikon? D3x，？ Nikon? D700

Not full: Canon? 500D/50D, Nikon? D90/D300/D7000

Check for leaks and fill gaps: Leica? M9. Full-frame camera. But not a SLR. This is a paraxial camera. We'll talk later.

Leica? S2. It is also an indescribable camera, which is between the Quan Huafu SLR and the medium size in terms of frame size. The size of the fuselage is similar to that of a SLR. It's smaller than the medium format.

4.？ Medium format

Having said that, some people may ask, is there a camera bigger than Quan Huafu SLR? The answer is yes. I wonder if you have seen the photos of the footprints left by the first astronaut Armstrong on the surface of the moon. It was shot by the famous Hasselblad camera. Hasselblad is also synonymous with medium format camera. Its imaging principle is different from that of SLR. But its frame is much larger than a full SLR, about four times. There are many CCD sizes for medium format cameras, such as 120 format, 6×6 inches, 6×7 inches and so on. Its pixels can reach about 50 million. So you know what camera was used to shoot the huge billboard on the roadside. This kind of camera, the size of each photo is hundreds of megabytes, which ordinary memory cards can't bear. The memory card is not only too small in capacity, but also too slow in reading and writing. So, people invented the digital back. He unified CCD and storage medium, making it fit the camera perfectly. Medium format camera is the first choice for commercial photographers. It's expensive. The fuselage and digital back together cost hundreds of thousands of RMB.

Like what? Hassou? H2D，？ Mamia

5.？ Large format

Do you have a bigger one? Yes The large-format camera is the camera with the largest frame that can be used in our life. His frame reached 9× 12 inch. Like the latest macbook? The air is 1 1 inch. Think about it, the picture is bigger than the screen of a laptop. Because of its oversized frame, the fuselage is also extremely huge. In order to improve operability and portability, its body is designed as a suitcase. Like an accordion box. Extensible. There are two advantages, one is folding and the other is focusing. Folding everyone should be able to think that focusing may be a bit difficult to understand. Generally speaking, the focusing operation is completed on the lens, which is realized by the expansion and contraction of the lens. However, due to the huge body of the large format camera, the distance between the lens and the photographer is greatly improved, which is very inconvenient. Therefore, the large-format camera uses the expansion and contraction of its own body to achieve the purpose of focusing. The most famous brand of large format camera is Lin. Shana is on the back of the number.

......

Noun (short for noun)? Hubble telescope

The camera with the largest frame is. . . . The answer is Hubble. Hubble is equipped with a wide-area and planetary camera. For his introduction, I extracted a wiki.

Wide-area and planetary cameras are made by James, a planetary scientist who teaches at California Institute of Technology? Answer? It was proposed by Vespar and designed and manufactured under the management of Jet Propulsion Laboratory. In his era 1976, CCD was hardly used for astronomical image processing, but its high resolution made astronomers strongly recommend it to be used in the instruments of Hubble Space Telescope.

Wide-area and planetary cameras include two independent cameras, and each camera has four 800X800 pixel CCDs of Texas Instruments, which form adjacent fields of view. The field of view of each pixel of wide-area camera is 0. 1 arc second, which can make panoramic observation of celestial bodies with weak luminosity at the expense of angular resolution. The resolution of each pixel of the planetary camera is 0.043 arc seconds, which is used for high-resolution observation. Use a tetrahedral pyramid that can be rotated by 45 degrees to select the camera to use. "

Supplement:

The cameras mentioned above are all electronic cameras, so many other types of cameras are not mentioned. For example, dual-mirror camera, paraxial camera and so on. Because most of them use film as the shooting medium, they will be introduced later.

There must be some mistakes and imprecisions in the detailed words above. I hope my friends will correct me.