How do you understand the concept of illusion arising from ignorance and the object field illuminated by this illusion ... respectively? Ask an expert to answer it and give an example.

Does objective reality exist or is the universe an illusion?

1982, an amazing thing happened. At the University of Paris, a group of researchers led by physicist Alain Aspect conducted what may be the most important experiment in the 20th century. You won't hear about it on the evening news. In fact, if you don't often read scientific journals, you may never have heard of the name Aspect, although some people think that their findings may change the face of science.

Aspect and his team found that in some cases, subatomic particles, such as electrons, can communicate with each other when they are moving after they are emitted in opposite directions at the same time. No matter how far apart they are, whether they are ten feet apart or a hundred thousand miles apart, they always seem to know the movement pattern of the opposite side. When one party is influenced to change direction, both parties will change direction at the same time. The problem with this phenomenon is that it violates Einstein's theory that no communication can exceed the speed of light. Because exceeding the speed of light is equivalent to breaking the time boundary, this frightening possibility makes some physicists try to explain Aspect's findings in a complicated way. But it also inspired some more revolutionary explanations. For example, dаVid Bohm, a physicist at the University of London, believes that the discovery of aspects means that objective reality does not exist. Although the universe looks concrete and solid, it is actually just an illusion, a huge and detailed hologram.

To understand why Bohm made such an amazing assumption, we must first understand what a hologram is. Holography is a kind of three-dimensional photography made by laser. To make a hologram, the object should be irradiated with a laser beam first, and then the reflection of the second laser beam and the first laser beam will produce a diffraction pattern (the area where the two beams intersect), which will be recorded on the negative. When the negative is developed, it looks like a meaningless combination of aperture and stripe. But when the negative is irradiated by another laser beam, a three-dimensional image will appear on the negative (this is different from the so-called hologram in general printing, and only a narrow angle can see the three-dimensional image. A real hologram has no angle limit, and only a laser can see the image. )。

Stereo images are not the only feature of holography. If you cut a hologram of a rose in half and then irradiate it with laser, you will find that each half has an image of the whole rose. In fact, even if the half is divided into two halves and then divided, each small negative will contain a smaller but complete original picture. Different from ordinary photos, each small part of a hologram contains all the data.

The "local inclusion of the whole" nature of hologram gives us a brand-new way to understand organization and order. Most of the history of western science is based on the prejudice that the best way to understand anything, whether frogs or storms, is to break things down and study their components. Holography tells us that there may be something in the universe that does not conform to this hypothesis. If we try to decompose something made up of holographic structures, we won't get parts, but a smaller whole.

This theory enabled Bohm to establish another explanation for understanding Aspect's findings. Bohm believes that subatomic particles can keep in touch no matter how far apart they are, not because they send some mysterious signals back and forth, but because their separation is an illusion. He said that in the deeper reality, such particles are not separated individuals, but some more basic practical extensions of the same source.

To make it easier for people to imagine his hypothesis, Bohm provided the following description: Imagine a fish tank with a fish in it. Imagine that you can't see the aquarium directly. What you know about it comes from two TV cameras, one in front of the aquarium and the other in the side. When you look at two TV monitors, you may think that the fish on the two screens are independent individuals. After all, because the camera angle is different, the image will be slightly different. But when you continue to observe these two fish, you will notice that there is a specific relationship between them. When one fish turns around, the other fish will make a slightly different but coordinated turn; One faces forward and the other always faces sideways. If you don't realize the whole situation, you may come to the conclusion that the two fish must have telepathy with each other. But obviously this is not true. Bohm said that this is exactly what happened to subatomic particles in Aspect experiments.

Bohm believes that the phenomenon of superluminal connection between subatomic particles actually tells us that there is a deeper reality beyond our space, a more complex space, just like an aquarium. In addition, he added, we will regard subatomic particles as independent individuals because we only see part of their reality. Such a particle is not a single "part", but a deeper and more basic one-sided whole with holographic structure, just like the rose mentioned above. And because everything in reality is composed of these phantom particles, the whole universe is basically a projection, a holographic illusion.

In addition to the nature of this illusion, such a universe also contains other more amazing features. If the surface separation of subatomic particles is an illusion, it means that in a deeper reality, everything in the universe is ultimately interrelated. An electron in a carbon atom in the human brain is a proton in a hydrogen atom connected to the surface of the sun. They connect all the salmon swimming in the water, all the beating hearts, and all the subatomic particles of the stars in the sky. Everything interacts with everything. Although human nature is to classify and deal with various phenomena in the universe, all classification is a necessary illusion, and the ultimate essence of everything is a flawless giant network.

In the holographic universe, even time and space are no longer basically unchanged. Because in a universe without separation, the concept of position will collapse, and time and three-dimensional space are like fish in a TV monitor, just a projection of a deeper order. This deeper reality is a super holographic illusion in which the past, present and future coexist. This means that with proper tools, it will be possible to enter this super holographic reality level one day and take out the ancient images of the past.

What else is contained in this super holographic universe is an open question. For the convenience of discussion, suppose that this super holographic structure is the origin of everything in the universe, at least it includes all subatomic particles in the past and in the future-all possible combinations of everything and energy, from snowflakes to exaggerated particles, from blue whales to gamma rays. It can be regarded as a treasure house of the universe, which contains everything that once existed. Although Bohm admits that it is impossible for us to know what is hidden in this super holographic structure, he boldly says that we have no reason to assume that it does not include more. As he said, perhaps the realistic level of this super holographic structure is just a "ladder" with "infinite development" on it.

Bohm is not the only researcher who discovered that the universe is a holographic illusion. In the field of brain research, Karl Pribram, a neuroscientist at Stanford University, also believes that the holographic nature of reality is separate.

Pribram studied how the brain stores memories, so he was attracted by the holographic structural model. In recent decades, many studies have shown that memory storage is not limited to a specific area, but scattered throughout the brain. In a series of historic experiments in the 1920s, karl lashley, a brain scientist, found that no matter which part of the mouse brain was removed, it would not affect its memory, and it could still show the complex skills it had learned before the operation. The only problem is that no one can come up with a theory to explain this strange memory storage nature of "the whole exists in every part"

Then in the 1960s, Pribram came into contact with the concept of holography until he found the explanation that neuroscientists have been looking for. Pribram believes that memory is not recorded in brain nerve cells or a group of cells, but in the pattern of nerve impulses across the whole brain, just like the pattern of laser diffraction all over holographic negatives. In other words, Pribram believes that the mind itself is a hologram.

Pribram's theory also explains how the human brain can store so many memories in such a small space. It is estimated that the human brain can remember about10 billion bits of data (about five sets of Encyclopedias Britannica) in a person's life. Similarly, in addition to other functions, holography also has amazing data storage capacity-as long as the angles of two lasers are changed, many different images can be recorded on the same negative. It has been proved that the data of 100 billion bits can be stored on the negative of 1 cubic centimeter.

If we operate the brain according to the principle of holography, we can better understand our special abilities and quickly retrieve any information we need from our huge memory warehouse. If a friend asks you to tell him what you think when he says the word "zebra". You don't need to clumsily search some huge brain alphabet file to get the answer. On the contrary, some associations, such as "stripes", "horses" and "African wildlife", will immediately jump into your mind. Indeed, one of the most striking features of human thinking process is that every piece of information seems to be interrelated with all other materials-another basic feature of holographic illusion. Because each part of holographic illusion is interrelated with other parts, this may be the ultimate example of natural interaction system.

Inspired by Pribram's holographic brain model, memory storage is not only the only slightly solved mystery in brain science. Another puzzle is how the brain interprets a large number of fluctuations (light waves, sound waves, etc.). ) It comes from the senses, making it the concrete world we perceive. Recording and interpreting fluctuations is exactly what holography is good at. Just as holography is a kind of lens, an interpretation tool, which can transform obviously meaningless fluctuation patterns into coherent images, Pribram thinks that the brain also has a lens, which uses the holographic principle to digitize the fluctuations received through the senses into the world we perceive inside.

There is a lot of evidence that the brain works through the holographic principle. In fact, Pribram's theory has been supported by more and more neuroscientists. Hugo Zucarelli, an Italian brain researcher from Argentina, recently applied the holographic model to the auditory world. What puzzles him is that even if only one ear has hearing, the human brain can detect the source direction of sound without turning its head. Zucarelli found that the holographic principle can explain this ability. Zucarelli also developed holographic sound technology, which is a recording technology that can reproduce sound phenomena almost truly.

Pribram believes that our brains have established a "hard" reality in mathematics based on the input of external fluctuations. This idea is also supported by many experiments. Experiments show that our senses are much more sensitive to fluctuations than previously thought. For example, researchers have found that our vision is also sensitive to sound waves, our sense of smell is related to the fluctuations we now call oamic, and even cells in our bodies are sensitive to large-scale fluctuations. This discovery leads us to infer that only in the field of holographic perception can this fluctuation be classified as normal perception.

But when Pribram's holographic brain model is put together with Bohm's theory, its most incredible place appears. Because if the firmness of the world is only a secondary reality, and what really "exists" is a holographic wave, and if the mind also has a holographic structure, just take out some waves from this wave and mathematically transform them into sensory perception, what is the objective reality? Simply put, objective reality no longer exists. Just like the teachings of eastern religions, the material world is a Maya and an illusion, although we may think that we are real creatures and live in a real world, this is also an illusion. In fact, we are "receivers" floating in a fluctuating ocean. We extract from this ocean and turn it into a wave in the real world, which is just one of many waves in this super holographic illusion.

This amazing new view of reality, the comprehensive theory of Bohm and Pribram, is called holographic paradigm. Although many scientists are skeptical, this theory is welcomed by others. More and more researchers believe that this may be the most accurate realistic model in science so far. What's more, some people think that it can explain many mysteries that science failed to explain before, and even make the supernatural become a part of nature.

Many researchers, including Bohm and Pribram, have noticed that many superpsychological phenomena become easier to understand under the holographic model theory. In this universe, individual thinking is actually an individual part of a holographic structure, and everything is interrelated, so telepathy actually enters the holographic level. If the idea of a separated individual A can be transmitted to the brain of individual B, and if two separated individuals have been linked, then this phenomenon is well understood. Similarly, the ability to move distant things with spiritual power (telepathy) has become less mysterious, because in an infinitely connected universe, the individual and the moved object are already one.

Bohm and Prigramm also pointed out that many religious or mysterious experiences, such as transcendental experience of unity with the universe, may also be due to entering the holographic field. As they say, perhaps many great mystical experiencers in the past talked about the sense of unity of the universe just because they knew how to get into all parts of their hearts that were truly in harmony with the universe.

Holographic model theory has also received close attention from other scientific fields. StanialаV Grof, director of Maryland Psychological Research Center and assistant professor of psychology department of Hopkins University School of Medicine, believes that holographic model theory can explain many unsolved problems in psychology. Grof especially thinks that holographic model theory provides a set of models to understand the strange phenomena that many people will experience when their consciousness changes.

In 1960s, Grof studied the advantages and disadvantages of using LSD (ecstasy) as a psychotherapy tool. He had a female patient who suddenly believed that she had become a prehistoric female reptile. In her psychedelic state, she not only described her feeling of being trapped in a reptile in a very rich and detailed way, but also described that the most attractive place for a male reptile was the colored scales on both sides of her head. To Grove's surprise, although the woman knew nothing about this reptile in advance, he was later confirmed by a zoologist that the colored parts of some reptiles' heads did play an important role in sexual teasing.

That woman's experience is not unique. In the course of his research, the patients Grove met degenerated, representing almost all living things in evolutionary history (this research discovery influenced the plot of people degenerating into apes in the movie Changed State). Moreover, he found that such experiences often contained obscure zoological details, which were later proved to be correct.

Degeneration to animals is not the only puzzling psychological phenomenon in Grove's research. He also has patients who seem to have entered some kind of collective or racial subconscious. People with little education can describe Persian funerals and Hindu rituals in detail at once. In other experiences, someone can give a convincing OBE report, or predict the future, or return to the memory of past lives.

In later studies, Grove found that the same phenomenon would occur in treatment talks without ecstasy. Because the same element in this experience is that the individual's consciousness sublimates beyond the boundaries of the ordinary self or the limitation of time and space, Grove called this phenomenon "transpersonal experience" and founded a branch of psychology called "transpersonal psychology" in the late 1960s, focusing on this kind of research.

Although Grove's newly founded transpersonal psychology has been supported by professional scholars and become a respected branch of psychology, Grove and his colleagues have been unable to provide a physical system to explain the strange psychological phenomena they have seen for decades. But the appearance of holographic model theory changed this situation. As Grove said recently, if the mind is indeed a part of a whole, which is like a huge maze, connecting not only all minds, including the past and the present, but also all atoms, all living things, and the infinity of time and space itself, it seems not surprising that the mind occasionally gets involved in this maze and produces transpersonal experiences.

Holographic model theory can also be applied to so-called basic sciences, such as biology. Keith Floyd, a psychologist at Intermont University in Virginia, pointed out that if reality is only a holographic illusion, it can't be said that the brain has produced consciousness. It is consciousness that creates the brain and body, and everything around us. We think these are the real world.

This reversal of biological structure has led researchers to point out that medicine and our understanding of medical procedures can also be changed through holographic model theory. If the physical structure of the body is only a holographic projection of consciousness, then each of us will be more responsible for our own health than the current medical knowledge allows. Now we regard it as a miraculous disease recovery, which can be explained as the change of consciousness and the change of holographic body. Similarly, controversial new medical technologies, such as the imagination of thoughts, can be so effective, because in the holographic field, the images of thoughts are as real as "reality".

Even the sights and experiences in "extraordinary reality" can be explained under the holographic model theory. Biologist Lyall Watson described his contact with an Indonesian witch in his book The Gift of the Unknown. By performing a ritual dance, she can instantly make a whole row of trees disappear into the air. Watson said that he and surprised onlookers continued to watch the witch. She made the tree reappear, then disappeared and reappeared several times. Although the current science cannot explain such an event, if the "hard" reality is only holographic projection, then such experience is reasonable to follow. Perhaps our views on what is "existence" and what is "non-existence" are the same, just because our so-called * * * reality is a field in which all souls in the human subconscious are interrelated.

If this is true, it will be the most important significance in holographic model theory, because it shows that an experience like Watson is unusual, just because we have not designed our minds to believe that such an experience is true. In the holographic universe, the possibilities for us to change the real structure are endless. The reality we perceive is just a canvas, waiting for us to draw any picture we want. Everything is possible, from bending a spoon with the power of thought to the wonderful experiences of anthropologists castaneda and Don Juan (Indian wizards written by Aquinas). Because magic is our birthright, it is no more magical than the way we create reality in our dreams.

Indeed, even our most basic view of reality becomes suspicious, because in a holographic universe, as Pribram pointed out, even random and accidental events can be regarded as based on holographic principles, so they are arranged. Synchronous or meaningful coincidence is not accidental, but everything in reality can be regarded as metaphor, because even the most accidental events hide some kind of balance.

It remains to be seen whether Bohm and Pribram's holographic model theory will be accepted by the scientific community or will disappear ignominiously, but what is certain is that it has influenced the thinking of many scientists. Even though it may be found that holographic model theory is not enough to explain the instantaneous communication between subatomic particles in the future, at least as Basil Hiley, a physicist at Birbeck University in London, said, Aspect's discovery shows that we "must be prepared to take a revolutionary new view of reality".