Geography courseware

The Pearl River Delta region includes Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Zhuhai, Foshan, Jiangmen, Zhongshan, Dongguan and Huicheng, Huiyang, Huidong and Boluo in Huizhou, and Ruizhou, Dinghu, Gaoyao and Sihui in Zhaoqing. The whole area accounts for 23.4% of the total area of the province, and the population accounts for 31.4% of the total population of the province (1.994). In recent years, GDP has accounted for about 70% of the province's GDP. The Pearl River Delta is one of the fastest growing areas in China. With the rapid development of economy, the social development in this area presents the characteristics of high degree of rural industrialization and rapid process of urban-rural integration. Youth league organizations at all levels in the Pearl River Delta actively explore and practice how to promote the development of Communist Youth League work based on the overall situation of local economic and social development and the reality of local youth. The investigation team of the general office went to Guangdong to investigate and study the area. In the investigation, I feel that the exploration made by youth league organizations in the Pearl River Delta region in recent years to adapt to the development of market economy can be summarized as: socialized operation and career development.

First, the characteristics of economic and social development in the Pearl River Delta region

1. The economy has achieved sustained and rapid growth. From 1980 to 1996, the average annual GDP growth in the Pearl River Delta region was 17.8%, which was not only higher than the average growth rate of 14.5% in the whole province and 9.7% in the whole country in the same period, but also higher than the average growth rate of the "four little dragons" economy in Asia in the take-off stage.

2. The overall level of export-oriented economy is relatively high. The Pearl River Delta region gives full play to the geographical advantages adjacent to Hong Kong and Macao and the favorable conditions for overseas Chinese to spread all over the world, and promotes the high-level and rapid development of export-oriented economy with the guidance of the international market and the support of the domestic market. From 65438 to 0994, the total export trade of the Pearl River Delta region reached $38.46 billion, accounting for 76.6% of the total export trade of the province in that year. The actual utilization of foreign capital was 8.798 billion US dollars, accounting for 68% and 24% of the total actual utilization of foreign capital in the province and the whole country respectively.

3. The industrial structure is optimized and reasonable. The Pearl River Delta region has completed the transformation from a traditional agricultural economy to an important manufacturing center, and successfully realized the comprehensive and coordinated economic and social development led by the secondary and tertiary industries. The proportion of primary, secondary and tertiary industries in the Pearl River Delta increased from 25.8: 45.5: 28.9 in 1980 to 8.8: 5 1.2: 40 in 1994. Generally speaking, the industrial structure of the Pearl River Delta has basically changed from traditional agriculture to industrialization and then to industrial diversification.

4. The pattern of agricultural industrialization has basically taken shape. Since the reform and opening up, with the acceleration of rural urbanization, the pattern of agricultural marketization, socialization and intensive production and management in this area has rapidly formed. In the production and operation activities, an agricultural industrialization development model has been formed, which is guided by domestic and foreign markets, centered on economic benefits, based on resource development, supported by breeding industry, combined with agriculture, industry and technology, integrated with production, processing and marketing, specialized in production, socialized in service and enterprise in management.

5. Coordinated and balanced development of urban and rural areas. Since the reform and opening up, with the development of rural industrialization, the Pearl River Delta region has accelerated the process of urbanization. There were only a few dozen towns in the late 1970s, but in the mid-1980s it increased to 200, with 406 towns in 1992 and 597 towns in 1994. 15 years growth nearly 10 times. Zhongshan and Dongguan only manage towns, regardless of counties and townships. From 65438 to 0994, the non-agricultural population in the Pearl River Delta accounted for 45.2% of the total population, which was 16 percentage points higher than that in the whole province. At present, the region has an average of 65&; 127; There is a town in square kilometers. In the process of urbanization in the Pearl River Delta, the service function of modern towns and the advantages of rural customs complement and combine with each other, which promotes the coordinated and balanced development of urban and rural areas and forms a unique integration area.

6. Social mobility is healthy and orderly. Pearl River Delta is the largest gathering place for migrant workers in China. At present, millions of migrant workers are employed in this area, forming a large-scale and unique migrant group. This kind of social mobility conforms to the logic of modern market economy and is the natural embodiment of the optimal allocation of human resources. After years of exploration and efforts, the management of migrant workers by relevant government departments and labor agencies has basically been managed according to law, making social mobility move from disorder to order.

Second, the characteristics of youth groups in the Pearl River Delta region

1. The composition of youth groups is a dual structure. The youth groups in the Pearl River Delta region are composed of local youth and migrant workers. According to the statistics at the end of 1997, the total number of young people in Guangdong Province is15.89 million, and there are more than 5 million migrant workers in the province. Young migrant workers are mainly concentrated in the Pearl River Delta. In some towns in the Pearl River Delta region, the number of foreign youth is basically the same as that of local youth. In some towns or administrative villages, the number of young migrant workers has exceeded that of local youth by several times, even ten times or dozens of times. For example, there are more than 6,000 young migrant workers in Dongshan District of Guangzhou, accounting for 65% of the employed youth in the region. For another example, there are more than 900,000 young migrant workers in Baoan District, Shenzhen, which is more than four times the local resident population; There are more than 5000 young migrant workers/kloc-0 in Huanggang village, Futian district, which is 40 times that of the whole village. There are nearly 30,000 young migrant workers in Ailian Village, Longgang District, and there are only 2,907 villagers in this village.

2. Youth groups are clearly differentiated. Generally speaking, the youth in the Pearl River Delta region are divided into two basic groups: local youth and migrant workers. With the in-depth development of market economy and the increasingly extensive social contacts, the integration and differentiation of youth groups in the Pearl River Delta region are also deepening. Among them, "three highs" youth and "four noes" youth are two striking groups. The "three highs" youth refers to those with high academic qualifications, high positions and high incomes. These young people are the "elite" among young people, and their behavior has obvious guiding and exemplary role among young people. The "four haves" youth is a special youth group in the process of rural urbanization. These young people don't study, study, do business or work. They mainly live by renting their own property, which is obviously parasitic. According to the investigation and analysis of local institutions, from the perspective of occupational classification, young workers mainly pursue stable income, young staff generally yearn for a decent and glorious life, civil servants prefer a smooth future, and intellectuals focus on seeking development opportunities. Among them, with the emergence and rapid development of various financial institutions, management institutions and new companies in the process of reform and opening up, the group of young workers has grown rapidly. Their knowledge level, social status and economic income are relatively high, and their lifestyles and behaviors are obviously different from other professional groups among young people. In short, there are obvious differences in interest requirements and spiritual pursuits of different professional youth groups. Moreover, the diversification of this demand has led to the differentiation of youth groups. In the Pearl River Delta region, professional associations spontaneously established among young people based on common hobbies and interests are relatively developed, and their activities show obvious group characteristics.

3. Youth plays an important role in the economic field. In the Pearl River Delta region, youth is the main creative force of material wealth. In the new economic organization, the leading force to promote local economic development, young people are basically working. For example, large-scale young migrant workers who mainly work in new economic organizations are an important force for local economic development now and in the future, and have an irreplaceable role. In high-tech enterprises as a new economic growth point, young people are the vanguard of scientific and technological innovation. Zhongshan can be selected as one of the 30 advanced cities in China, which is inseparable from the city's strong young scientific research team. According to statistical analysis, from 65438 to 0995, the contribution rate of science and technology to economic growth in Zhongshan was 45%, which was more than ten percentage points higher than the national average.

4. Career choice focuses on development. Young people in the Pearl River Delta generally pay more attention to whether they can bring themselves development opportunities when choosing careers. According to the survey of local institutions, 50.4% of young people in Zhuhai and 37.3% in Panyu give priority to long-term development prospects and personal interests when choosing a job. In the Pearl River Delta, where economic development is relatively mature, society can provide alternative employment opportunities for young people from all walks of life, thus realizing the unity of labor as a means of livelihood and realizing their own value to a greater extent.

5. Pay attention to social life. In the survey, I feel that young people in the Pearl River Delta regard social life outside of "eight hours" as a very important part of their whole life and regard society as an important stage for their activities. Moreover, the social life of teenagers is very extensive, and the social behavior across units, groups and regions is a very common phenomenon in the social life of teenagers. The places where young people live in society are mainly social public places. The traditional way of visiting relatives and friends and chatting is considered a waste of time. In daily interpersonal communication, young people attach great importance to autonomy, equality and mutual respect. In this region, youth culture is no longer a subculture, but a mainstream culture, which largely dominates the development trend of culture.

Third, socialized operation.

In the Pearl River Delta, the concept of "socialization" used by league organizations in different cities has different meanings. Judging from the operation mode, the socialization of the Communist Youth League work in the Pearl River Delta region is mainly reflected in three aspects.

1. Design activities for society. The activities designed by the Communist Youth League in the Pearl River Delta have a distinctive feature, that is, they are oriented to the youth and the masses of the whole society, which is convenient for people to participate voluntarily outside the "eight hours" and makes the activities have extensive social participation. However, league organizations are generally only responsible for the design and publicity of activities, and rarely directly organize them. For example, the "Youth Cultural Square" launched by the Guangdong Communist Youth League Committee and the "Happy Everyone" stage created by the Shenzhen Youth League Committee are all like this. Every weekend, Tianhe City Plaza, a famous commercial outlet in Guangzhou, will hold a "Youth Cultural Fair". The stage is open-air, and visitors are flooding in. Now, the Youth Cultural Square has been launched in the Pearl River Delta cities. In Shenzhen, the "Great Joy" stage, with teenagers as the main body and the principle of "voluntary, self-recommendation, self-performance and fun together", was held for the first time since July 1986. More than 2,000 performances were held on the "Great Joy" stage of Shenzhen Youth Activity Center alone, with more than 40,000 performers and more than 4.5 million audiences. There are more than 100 "Great Le Jia" stages of different scales in the city. All walks of life are famous for "Happy Everyone", known as "Nightclubs for ordinary people in the Special Zone" and "Blue Sky in the hearts of migrant workers". During the period of welcoming Hong Kong's return to the motherland, the activities of "building a memorial forest for return" and "following the footsteps of return" designed by Shenzhen Communist Youth League Committee were also carried out for the society.

2. Establish an organization for society. The construction of the Communist Youth League organization is a difficult point in the development of the Communist Youth League under the condition of market economy. In this regard, the Communist Youth League organizations in the Pearl River Delta can be said to have taken a new step in exploration. Their main approach is to break the restriction of administrative subordination and the pattern of "one factory, one branch", and explore new ways for state-owned enterprises to build groups by setting up enterprise youth working committees, building groups with interests, building groups in dormitory areas and activity centers. Through flexible forms such as relying on trade unions to build leagues, community leagues, and industry-affiliated leagues, the new economic organizations have made breakthroughs in building leagues. In rural areas, a model of setting up a factory with the village as the core, branches entering the factory and off-site groups as outlets has been formed. It has realized the benign operation of rural Communist Youth League organizations. In particular, we should pay attention to the adjustment and reform of the working system of the Communist Youth League in the community, strengthen exchanges and cooperation between the community and different front organizations such as industries and schools, and promote regional exchanges, resource sharing and complementary advantages of the organizations to achieve common development.

3. Seek resources for the society. It is the common practice of the whole regiment to mobilize social resources extensively while basing itself on its own strength. The Communist Youth League organizations in the Pearl River Delta have a deeper understanding of this and a more systematic operation. First, they are concerned

The Society seeks human resources to develop and strengthen the work team of the Communist Youth League and form a youth work team with League cadres as the backbone and uniting people from all walks of life. For example, in Shenzhen, many specific tasks of the group are completed by volunteers. At the same time, they also strive to seek the source of funds from the society, forming a fund channel combining government funding, social sponsorship and industrial income generation. It is worth noting that the Communist Youth League organizations in the Pearl River Delta regard the support of the party and government departments in policies and regulations as a social resource. They believe that the market economy is an economy ruled by law, and the work of the Communist Youth League under the market economy also needs the support of policies and regulations in order to obtain legal social status. They said that it used to depend on documents, but now it depends on legislation.

Fundamentally speaking, the significance of socialization of the Communist Youth League work in the Pearl River Delta lies in finding a new development space for the Communist Youth League work under the conditions of market economy. Market economy is an open economy that breaks administrative subordination, geographical division and system closure. In order to adapt to the development of market economy, the work of the Communist Youth League must also expand its vision from the party and government organization system to the whole society, be good at playing a social role on the social stage, strive to make the work content consistent with the changes of social needs and youth needs under the conditions of market economy, and take service needs as the work orientation; Strive to make the organizational setup consistent with the changes in social structure and youth composition under the conditions of market economy. Where there are young people, there are activities and influences of the Youth League. Strive to make the way of obtaining resources consistent with the changes in the way of resource allocation under the conditions of market economy, and develop social resources in a way that serves the market.

Fourth, career development.

According to the introduction of local league cadres, "career" is a valuable experience gained by league organizations at all levels from practice. From "running an industry" to "running an enterprise", the Communist Youth League has had tortuous explorations and profound lessons. Now they have reached a consensus that in the process of development, the Communist Youth League organizations must focus on running enterprises, supplemented by running industries. Moreover, whether running an enterprise or an industry, we should take the needs of young people as the center and serve young people as the starting point to achieve the unity of economic benefits, social benefits and talent benefits.

From the practice of the Communist Youth League organizations in the Pearl River Delta, the cause of the Communist Youth League organizations mainly consists of three parts.

1. Youth activity positions. The most important are the Youth Palace and Youth Activity Center. In the Pearl River Delta region, the construction of youth palace and youth activity center can be said to have reached a certain scale and advanced level, which is an important pillar of the development of the Communist Youth League. For example, Shenzhen Youth Activity Center, directly led by Shenzhen Communist Youth League Committee, covers an area of 30,000 square meters, with cadres and workers 160 people. They insist on bringing industry with industry and supplementing business with industry, and strive to explore new ways to strive for first-class youth activity positions under the conditions of socialist market economy, and have achieved good comprehensive benefits. The Shenzhen Youth Palace under construction is a key project of spiritual civilization construction in Shenzhen during the Ninth Five-Year Plan, with a total construction area of 30,000 square meters. Upon completion, there will be more than 70 classrooms and canteens, more than 80 training programs and more than 20 entertainment programs, which can accommodate 5,000 people for study, visit and entertainment at the same time. For example, there is a youth activity center in Jiangmen City, which is running well. A larger and higher-grade youth palace will be built soon. Guangzhou Youth Palace covers an area of over 30,000 square meters.

2. Cultural industry. Cultural industries related to teenagers, such as newspapers, magazines and art groups, are another important part of career development. The Pearl River Delta region has rapid economic development, high cultural level and great potential for cultural industry development. Youth newspapers and periodicals held in Guangzhou and Shenzhen can cover the whole Pearl River Delta region and spread to neighboring provinces, and have achieved good comprehensive benefits.

3. Money. The Pearl River Delta region is economically developed, and the corresponding institutions at all levels are also very active in fund preparation. For example, as many funds as 1 1 have been set up or are about to be set up in the Outline of Five Systems Construction of Communist Youth League Work in Guangdong Province. Guangzhou Communist Youth League Committee proposed to establish and expand various youth development funds based on the Municipal Youth Development Fund. These funds have played an active role in supporting the development of the mission. For example, Guangzhou Hand in Hand Yuexiu Counseling Center, the first non-profit counseling institution funded by Guangzhou Youth Development Foundation, works for teenagers with mood swings, development difficulties, frequent loitering and gathering in public places, and vulnerable to adverse effects, with as much work as 1 1. The help provided by the center for teenagers is difficult for ordinary league organizations to do.

From the practice of the Communist Youth League in the Pearl River Delta, career development is of great significance to the development of the Communist Youth League work under the conditions of market economy. Firstly, the dependence problem is solved. With the solid support of positions, industries and funds related to young people, the youth league organization will have its own resources and its work can be carried out in a down-to-earth manner. Second, it solved the problem of mechanism. As a working mechanism, posts, industries and funds can be used for a long time and play a role for a long time to promote the continuous development of work. Third, it solved the problem of job coverage. The activities of positions, industries and fund organizations cannot be replaced by those carried out by league organizations. The radiation and leading role produced by the activities of positions, industries and fund organizations is also incomparable to the activities carried out by league organizations.

Five, some enlightenment and thinking.

In the investigation, the exploration of the work of the Communist Youth League in the Pearl River Delta region to adapt to the development of the socialist market economy has given us many enlightenment with overall significance, which can be summarized as follows.

1. Adhere to the concept of development. Comrade Xiaoping said that "development is the last word" is also applicable to the work of the Communist Youth League. The cause of the Communist Youth League is an ever-developing cause. Under the condition of socialist market economy, faced with difficulties and challenges, the work of the Communist Youth League needs to be developed. can

In other words, great development, small difficulties; Small development, big difficulties; There is no future without development. In the face of difficulties and challenges, the Communist Youth League should have the spirit of seeking truth from facts, the style of seeking truth from facts, the courage to try and forge ahead.

2. Strengthen the social service function of the Communist Youth League. We should understand the importance of strengthening the social service function from the height of how the Communist Youth League plays an important social pillar role of state power. It can be said that the Communist Youth League's organization of youth to serve the society is the embodiment of the social pillar role of state power. How the Communist Youth League plays the social pillar role of state power mainly depends on the strength of social service function. In recent years, the social service function of the Communist Youth League has been greatly expanded, but there is still a big gap compared with the new requirements put forward by the government for social organizations in the process of changing its functions, which needs to be further strengthened.

3. Form a new framework for the organizational structure of the Communist Youth League. The organizational system of the Communist Youth League was established under the planned economy system, relying on party and government organizations. Under the condition of developing the socialist market economy, the Communist Youth League should give full play to the advantages of party building and league building, at the same time, strive to promote affiliated youth organizations to adjust and improve their organizational structures in grassroots, new fields and emerging youth groups, keep close contact with non-affiliated youth organizations, promote economic departments and enterprises to set up youth work institutions, and cultivate and develop affiliated social intermediary organizations. In this way, a new open and pluralistic social organization network is formed, which complements the original system of the Communist Youth League, thus covering new fields and emerging youth groups under the new system that were not covered by the original system, and contacting and communicating with young people on a larger scale and at different levels. The original organizational system and the new socialized organizational network together constitute the new framework of the organizational structure of the Communist Youth League.

4. Take the community as a new work growth point. With the progress of society, the role of community is becoming more and more important. Community is a comprehensive social activity place, which can provide a broad space and rich content for the work of the Communist Youth League, and should become a new key area of the work of the Communist Youth League. It is necessary for the whole group to strengthen the work of community groups under the overall promotion. Realize the balanced development of community key work and league construction, so as to promote the development of new work areas.

5. Increase the content of youth affairs in the work of the Communist Youth League. Youth affairs is an important aspect of social development, and it is also an important content for the Communist Youth League to serve the youth. Adapting to the deepening of reform and the transformation of government functions, taking the initiative to undertake and participate in social affairs related to youth is conducive to expanding the field, enriching the content, occupying the position of the Communist Youth League in promoting social development, and serving the society and the growth of youth better. The World Programme of Action for Youth to the Year 2000 and Beyond adopted by the 50th United Nations General Assembly has guiding significance for us to strengthen our work in this field. On the basis of summing up experience and learning from foreign practices, we will promote the new development of this work.

6. Strive for the support of policies and regulations. Under the condition of market economy, the Communist Youth League, as an important people's organization, needs more policy support and legal protection in its work functions, fields and contents. In this way, we can further clarify the social function of the Communist Youth League and the youth work function in the government, incorporate the work of the Communist Youth League into the party and government work objectives and economic and social development plans, and ensure that the Communist Youth League organizations can play their due roles in all fields of society. In recent years, organizations at all levels have made a lot of efforts in this regard and gained a lot. At the same time, I hope that the higher organizations will give support in this regard. It is necessary for organizations at all levels to strengthen their work in this regard.

7. Change the function of organs. In the institutional reform, the Communist Youth League organizations are also facing the problem of changing their functions. The concept of "small organs, big undertakings" put forward by Guangzhou Youth League Committee is quite enlightening. The role of "small organs" is to strengthen macro guidance, and the role of "big undertakings" is to undertake more social affairs related to youth work. It is necessary for the Central Committee of the Communist Youth League to put forward principled guidance on the establishment and function determination of organizations at all levels in the institutional reform.

8. Pay attention to research and explore the regional development of the work of the Communist Youth League. The development of regional economy is an important feature of economic development under the condition of market economy. The work of different city organizations in the same area will have many common characteristics. Strengthening research and exploration in this area is conducive to better promoting the adaptation, coordination and consistency of the work of the Communist Youth League with the overall situation of economic and social development.