What are electron microscope and optical microscope used to observe respectively?

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electron microscope

Electron microscope can be divided into transmission electron microscope, scanning electron microscope, reflection electron microscope and emission electron microscope according to structure and use. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) is often used to observe the fine material structure that ordinary microscope can't distinguish. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) is mainly used to observe the morphology of solid surface, and can also be combined with X-ray diffractometer or electron energy spectrometer to form electron microprobe for material composition analysis. Study on the surface of self-emitting electrons by emission electron microscope.

optical microscope

There are many ways to classify optical microscopes: Zhitai can be divided into three-eye, binocular and monocular microscopes according to the number of eyepieces used; According to whether the image has stereoscopic effect, it can be divided into stereoscopic microscope and non-stereoscopic microscope; According to observation, objects can be divided into biological microscope and metallographic microscope; According to the optical principle, it can be divided into polarization microscope, phase contrast microscope and differential interference contrast microscope. According to the type of light source, it can be divided into ordinary light, fluorescence, infrared light and laser microscope. According to the type of receiver, it can be divided into visual microscope, photographic microscope and television microscope. Commonly used microscopes include binocular continuous zoom stereo microscope, metallographic microscope, polarizing microscope and ultraviolet fluorescence microscope.

Binocular stereoscopic microscope provides stereoscopic images for left and right eyes by using dual-channel optical path. In essence, two single-barrel microscopes are placed side by side, and the optical axes of the two barrels form the perspective formed when people observe an object with their eyes, thus forming a stereoscopic vision image in three-dimensional space. Binocular stereomicroscope is widely used in biology and medicine, for slicing and microsurgery. It is used for the observation, assembly and inspection of micro parts and integrated circuits in industry.

Metallographic microscope is a microscope specially used to observe the metallographic structure of opaque objects such as metals and minerals. These opaque objects can't be observed under ordinary transmission light microscope, so the main difference between metallographic microscope and ordinary microscope is that the former is illuminated by reflected light, while the latter is illuminated by transmitted light. In metallographic microscope, the illumination beam irradiates the surface of the observed object from the direction of the objective lens, and returns to the objective lens for imaging after being reflected by the surface of the object. This reflective illumination method is also widely used in the inspection of integrated circuit silicon wafers.

Ultraviolet fluorescence microscope is a microscope that uses ultraviolet light to excite fluorescence to observe. Some specimens can't perceive the structural details under visible light, but after dyeing, under ultraviolet light irradiation, visible light can be emitted due to fluorescence, forming a visible image. This kind of microscope is often used in biology and medicine.

Television microscope and charge-coupled microscope are microscopes with television camera targets or charge-coupled devices as receiving elements. A TV camera target or a charge coupler is installed on the real image surface of the microscope to replace the human eye as a receiver, and the optical image is converted into an electrical signal image through these photoelectric devices, and then the size detection and particle counting are carried out. This microscope can be combined with computer, which is convenient to realize the automation of detection and information processing, and is often used in situations where a lot of complicated detection work is needed.

Scanning microscope is a kind of microscope whose imaging beam can scan relative to the surface of an object. In the scanning microscope, the highest resolution of the objective lens is ensured by narrowing the field of view. At the same time, the imaging beam is scanned in a large field of view relative to the surface of the object by optical or mechanical scanning, and the synthesized large-area image information is obtained by information processing technology. This microscope is suitable for observing large-field images that require high resolution. Coarse focusing screw: adjust the lens barrel up and down in a large range.

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