Revealing the secret of the most beautiful empress of the Qing Dynasty, Empress Xiaoxian Chun: Qianlong’s favorite empress

Empress Xiaoxian Chun, of the Fucha family, was a native of Manchuria with the Yellow Banner, the original concubine of Qianlong, and the daughter of the first-class Cheng Engong Li Rongbao. Born on February 22, the fifty-first year of Kangxi's reign (1712). The queen is graceful in appearance but respectful and frugal in character. She usually has velvet flowers in her crown but no pearls or jade. Qianlong said "every time he admired him, he loved him abnormally". In the first month of the thirteenth year of Qianlong's reign (1748), he accompanied him on an eastward tour. On March 11, he died in Zhouci, Dezhou, on the way back at the age of 36. 1. Yongzheng personally proposed marriage to Hongli

The father of Empress Xiaoxian Chun was the daughter of Li Rongbao, the general manager of Chahar and a bachelor, and her brother was Fu Heng, a bachelor. In such a prominent family, she is definitely a daughter of a famous family. With such a family environment, she naturally received a good education.

In the fifth year of Yongzheng (1727), when the Fucha family was 16 years old, Yongzheng recommended marriage to Hongli, the fourth son of the emperor at that time. Hongli was already 17 years old at that time. As early as 4 years ago in August of the first year of Yongzheng (1723), Hongli was secretly appointed as a prince by Yongzheng when he was 13 years old, and the secret edict was defended behind the openness of the Qianqing Palace. At that time, Hongli did not know that he had been appointed as the successor emperor, but in Yongzheng's eyes, Hongli's direct descendant Fujin would be the future mother of a country and the queen who would rule the six palaces. Therefore, the Fucha family was actually Yongzheng's careful preparation for him. Successors are carefully selected, which is very political.

This tradition of the Manchus is very different from that of the Han people. The Han people passed the throne by selecting the eldest son, while the Manchus selected the worthy son. The Han people selected candidates based on beauty, while the Manchus still selected talents. Therefore, many Han emperors in history valued beauty and despised the country. This is the reason. And today we see that some of the concubines and queens in the photos of the Deqing Palace in the late Qing Dynasty are not very beautiful. In addition to the difference in aesthetics between now and then, the main reason is the Manchu tradition of establishing meritorious people.

According to the wedding system of the Qing Dynasty princes, the direct Fujin refers to the direct marriage, and the Fucha family is the direct Fujin. Therefore, on the day of her wedding, her father Li Rongbao had to go to the Qianqing Gate and face the north to listen to the edict from the minister: "Today, the daughter of Li Rongbao of the Fucha family will be chosen as the concubine for the crown prince Hongli." After thanking the emperor for his kindness, he had to choose an auspicious day and wait for Hongli to lead his ministers and guards to her home to perform wedding ceremonies (called Fang Ding among the people). The day before the wedding, the Fucha family’s dowry (dowry: Yinlian). Ancient women dressed up The mirror box she used was sent to Hongli's residence by her mother-in-law. The next day, July 18, the fifth year of Yongzheng's reign (1727), she married Hongli at the Second Qianxi Institute in the Forbidden City (today's Chonghua Palace on the northwest side of the Forbidden City, part of which is now Shufangzhai), which is known in history as "Given a big wedding", the Fucha family officially became Hongli's direct descendants. Until December of the second year of Qianlong (1737), the 27-month filial piety period had expired after the death of Daxing Emperor Yongzheng, and Hongli had become the sixth emperor of the Qing Dynasty - Emperor Qianlong. The Fucha family held a grand ceremony to appoint the queen. The grand ceremony began his career as queen. 2. Children of Queen Fucha

Queen Fucha gave birth to 2 daughters and 2 sons for Qianlong, but three of them unfortunately died early.

1. The eldest daughter of the emperor

In the sixth year of Yongzheng (1728), Fucha gave birth to his first eldest daughter of the emperor for Hongli. Unfortunately, the eldest daughter of the emperor died early. Death.

2. The second son of the emperor, Yonglian

On June 26, the eighth year of Yongzheng (1730), Fucha gave birth to the second son of the emperor, Yonglian (that is, Crown Prince Duanhui). ), the name Yonglian was given by his grandfather Yongzheng. The word "Lian" means that he will inherit the throne in the future. After the Qing Dynasty entered the country, the first four emperors were all born to concubines, and none of them were born to queens. Hongli determined that starting from his own next generation, all emperors would be direct descendants. Yong Lian was born to Empress Xiaoxian's Fucha family, and was a legitimate son. He was also "smart, noble, and extraordinary." Therefore, in the first year of Qianlong, Hongli followed the secret method of establishing a crown prince pioneered by Emperor Yongzheng and secretly designated Yong Lian as the crown prince. , locked the edict in an exquisite box and placed it behind the "upright and upright" plaque of Qianqingguan. Unexpectedly, just over two years later, Yonglian fell ill due to "an occasional cold" and died on October 12, the third year of Qianlong's reign (1738), at the age of 9. Qianlong was so sad that he announced the secret edict to the public, and officially posthumously named Yonglian "Prince Duanhui". According to the ceremony of the crown prince, Yonglian was mourned grandly, and Hongli came to pay his respects in person many times.

After Yonglian's death, the first thing to do was to choose a garden site and build a garden. The ministers proposed several places, but Qianlong disagreed. Why? It turned out that Qianlong wanted to bury Yong Lian near his mausoleum, so that the proud son could lean on his knees. At this time, Qianlong's auspicious place for ten thousand years had not yet been selected, so Yonglian's burial place could not be determined. So he had to temporarily place his golden coffin in the Tiancun Funeral Palace in the west of Beijing.

According to historical records, the Qing Dynasty built twelve emperors' mausoleums, seven queens' mausoleums and a large number of royal gardens, but only one of the crown prince's mausoleums was built, that is, the mausoleum at the foot of Zhuhua Mountain The garden bed of Crown Prince Duanhui Yonglian. Zhuhuashan is located in Zhuhuashan Village, Sungezhuang Manchu Township. The village is named after the mountain. It was not until the Daoguang period of the Qing Dynasty that this mountain was recorded in "Jizhou Chronicles": "Thirty miles east of the state, there is the garden of Prince Duanhui.

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