Excuse me, where is the background of the famous painting Mona Lisa? What secrets did Da Vinci hide in this painting?

The first question: the mystery of the background

Carlo pedretti, a professor at the University of California, believes that the background behind Mona Lisa is the scenery near Brianaud Bridge in arezzo, central Italy. Pedretti's evidence is that Da Vinci was born in Da Vinci Town, about 100 km from arezzo, and once lived in arezzo. The original landscape in this area is almost the same as the background of Mona Lisa. So Leonardo da Vinci probably used the pastoral scenery in this area as the background of Mona Lisa. When pedretti's views were published at the International Symposium on Da Vinci's Painting, many experts in art history affirmed his research results.

The British Guardian website 201165438+1October 9 reported that Italian art historian Carla Gloria said that the background bridge and a road above the Mona Lisa's shoulder in the painting belong to the northern Italian town of Bobbio.

Previously, it was generally believed that the background in Mona Lisa was fictitious. Gloria said that the digital password recently found in the painting supported her inference. Gloria claims that she will publish her new findings this year. She said: "The winding road in the painting can be found in the northern Italian town of Bobbio, and so can the arch bridge. Leonardo da Vinci can see the bridge through the window of the town castle. "

Gloria came to this conclusion when she studied the true identity of the characters in the Mona Lisa painting. She thinks that the woman in the painting may be Bianca Giovanna sforza,/Kloc-the daughter of ludovico sforza, Duke of Milan in the 5th century. A popular saying is that the real name of the woman in the painting is Lisa Giocondo, the wife of a businessman in Florence, Italy. Gloria said, "Bobbio was under Ludovico, and the library there was very famous. Like many other artists and scientists, Leonardo da Vinci may have been there. " Bobbio in the Middle Ages was famous for its monasteries, and the background bridge in the Mona Lisa painting was located on the Trebbia River, which was once called the most beautiful place in the world by American writer Hemingway.

Last year, some Italian researchers claimed that the number "72" was written on the arch in the background of the Mona Lisa. Gloria thinks this number stands for 1472, because the bridge was destroyed by the flood in 1472 and then rebuilt. But some people object to this statement. Italian researcher Silvano Winchetti thinks this number has another meaning. He said: "There is no dan brown password here, just sending some information to express my thoughts. Numbers 7 and 2 are very important in Kabala. " Winchetti's team is still studying other women who may become Leonardo da Vinci's models. But he said: "We think Bianca Giovanna sforza is unlikely to be the woman in the painting because she died at the age of 15, and the woman in the painting is at least 22 years old." Gloria said that in the years when he finished painting, Leonardo da Vinci may have deliberately painted sforza's face more mature to hide the true identity of the woman in the painting after his father collapsed.

Second question: How many secrets does Mona Lisa have?

● The mystery of smiling.

For 500 years, people have been unable to agree on the mysterious smile of Mona Lisa. Different audiences or at different times look and feel different. Sometimes I think she smiles comfortably and gently, sometimes she looks serious, sometimes she looks slightly sad, and sometimes she even shows ridicule and Jesus. In a painting, the change of light can't be as different as in sculpture. However, on Mona Lisa's face, dim shadows appear and disappear, covering her eyes and lips with a veil. However, people's smiles are mainly reflected in the corners of their eyes and corners of their mouths. But Leonardo da Vinci's descriptions of these parts are faint and have no clear boundaries, which is why there is such an elusive "mysterious smile". A university in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, used "emotion recognition software" to analyze the content and proportion of Mona Lisa's smile: 83% happy, 9% disgusted, 6% fearful and 2% angry.

Dr Margaret Livingstone, a neuroscientist at Harvard University, said that the Mona Lisa's smile was flashing, which was related to the human visual system, not the mysterious expression of the people in the painting. Dr. Livingstone is an authority on visual nerve activity, mainly studying the response of eyes and brain to different contrast and light and shade. Livingstone said: "The smile is flashing because the viewer has changed the position of his eyes." She said that the human eye has two different parts to receive images. The central part (that is, the shallow fossa on the retina) is responsible for distinguishing colors and marking them carefully. Pay attention to the black and white, movements and shadows around the shallow pit. According to Livingstone, when people look at a face, most of their eyes are fixed on the other person's eyes. If people's central vision is placed in Mona Lisa's eyes, then less accurate peripheral vision will fall on her mouth. Because peripheral vision does not pay attention to nuances, it invisibly highlights the shadow of cheekbones. In this way, the radian of the smile is even greater. However, when the eyes look directly at Mona Lisa's mouth, the central vision will not see the shadow. Livingstone said, "If you look at her mouth, you will never catch her smile." Mona Lisa's smile is looming because people's eyes are constantly shifting. Livingstone pointed out that if you want to copy the Mona Lisa, you should look away when describing your mouth.

1993, Susan Gill, a Canadian art historian, published a shocking research result. She said that Mona Lisa's lips, which attracted countless audiences, were men's bare backs. This argument is novel and absurd, but it is powerful. Leonardo da Vinci, a painter, sculptor, architect, engineer and scientist, was a "geek". He likes to wear a pink coat, paint his beard with colorful colors without scruple, and often claims that he has dissected more than 30 bodies. He is still left-handed and used to write backwards from right to left. Others must use the mirror to read what he wrote. Therefore, using the mirror is also a way for the audience to look at the picture. After rotating 90 degrees, Mona Lisa's lips in the mirror are just the back of a strong man with clear lines, as well as his left arm and elbow angle; Besides, expressing the beauty of human body and calling for the awakening of human nature is not only the master's philosophy of life, but also his artistic view.

Indeed, people will get different feelings when they appreciate this painting from different angles and under different light. That smile is sometimes gentle, sometimes serene and serious, sometimes slightly sad, and sometimes somewhat ironic and ridiculous. The mysterious smile reveals the mysterious spiritual activities of the characters.

For hundreds of years, new explanations of "smile" have emerged one after another. For example, smiling without showing white teeth is because the prototype is elegant and beautiful but not good at words; The prototype is depressed and unhappy because of the death of his beloved daughter, and it is difficult to hide his sadness. What's more, Mona Lisa was pushed off the throne of a lady, and the prototype was demoted to a prostitute, so she smiled with ridicule and ridicule.

Dr Joseph Baukowski of Maryland, USA, said: "The Mona Lisa didn't laugh at all. Her facial expression typically shows that she wants to hide that she has no front teeth."

Dr Jean Jacques Kondert, a brain surgeon in Lyon, France, thinks that Mona Lisa has just suffered a stroke. Look, half of her face is flabby and her face is crooked, so she looks smiling.

Dr Kenneth gay friends, a British doctor, thinks the Mona Lisa is pregnant. His basis is that her face is satisfied, her skin is fresh and tender, and her hands are crossed on her abdomen. Sexologists speculate that Mona Lisa has just experienced an orgasm, so she showed a smile that fascinated the world.

There is also an almost nonsense statement: her expression looks like she ate phenylalanine, a pleasure hormone produced in her body after eating chocolate. Few people believe this statement because there was no chocolate at that time.

Sinker Kenriel, a professor of anthropology at the University of Antwerp in Belgium, believes that Mona Lisa has such a smile because she is full, because the radian of her mouth and the gesture of putting her hand gently on her abdomen are exactly the same as the expression of human beings after a full meal.

In the painting, the horizon on the left is lower than the right, and the left side of Mona Lisa looks bigger than the right side. Historically, the left side represents women, which shows Leonardo's worship of women. In fact, there are many similarities between Mona Lisa and Leonardo da Vinci's self-portraits. In Egyptian legend, the god in charge of male genitalia is called Amon, and the god in charge of female genitalia is called Isis-pronounced Lisa in ancient Chinese, so the Mona Lisa implies that the Mona Lisa is a combination of the two sexes.

● Mystery of authenticity

It is said that Leonardo da Vinci's Mona Lisa is collected in the Louvre in Paris. However, there is a saying in the collection that it is not the Mona Lisa hanging in the Louvre, but the real Mona Lisa hanging on the wall of an apartment in London.

Dr Pulitzer, the custodian of the apartment and the work, said that after the Mona Lisa was completed, the work was left in Lisa de Zogon's home. Later, another nobleman asked Da Vinci to paint a portrait of his mistress. The woman known as "La Gioconda" (meaning "smiling person") looks very much like the Mona Lisa. So the lazy Da Vinci changed Mona Lisa's face to Mona Lisa. After the painting was completed, the nobles abandoned La Qiaokangda and did not buy this painting. Later, at the invitation of Francis I, Leonardo da Vinci took the painting to France. Pulitzer said that what makes the Louvre more brilliant is the portrait of Gioconda. Mona Lisa was later exiled to England. At the beginning of this century, it was bought by william blake, a museum curator and art connoisseur, and later by a Swiss consortium, of which Pulitzer was a member.

At the beginning of this century, many people copied and forged famous works of art on a large scale, so there is reason to suspect that the one in London is a fake. However, Dr. Pulitzer is convinced of the authenticity of his paintings. He confirmed through photomicrography that the fingerprints on this painting in London are the same as those on other works of Leonardo da Vinci. According to records, the Mona Lisa is younger 19 years old than La Giocondo, and was painted with a veil of mourning. Of the two paintings, only the one in London shows a young woman wearing a beautiful veil. Another evidence is that Raphael drew a sketch when Leonardo da Vinci painted this painting. There are two pillars behind the Mona Lisa in the sketch, which appear in the portrait of London, while the background of the Louvre painting is cliffs, paths, stone bridges, trees and flowing water.

For hundreds of years, many collectors have claimed that they have the real Mona Lisa, and the number has reached as many as 60. More interestingly, the Bertrand Museum of Art in Maine received a Mona Lisa without a smile at 1984. It has been determined that this painting was indeed written by Leonardo da Vinci, and all the characters in the painting resemble the Mona Lisa. Experts speculate that this smiling Mona Lisa may be a manuscript drawn by the author at the same time.

There is also a saying that the Mona Lisa in the Louvre is a fake, which is based on the theft in 19 1 1. The Mona Lisa was stolen in that theft. Two years later, it appeared in Italy, but the colonnade on both sides behind the Mona Lisa has been cut off. A few years later, the Mona Lisa was returned to the Louvre. However, many experts believe that this recovery is only a smoke screen. The real Mona Lisa has been bought by a rich collector, and what hangs in the Louvre is only a fake.

● The mystery of value

For hundreds of years, the Mona Lisa has been regarded as the most precious portrait. It is estimated that the value of this painting reached $654.38 billion in the 1960s. With the permission of the government, it was exhibited in 1962,1February 4 to1March 2, and 1963 in Washington, D.C. and new york, USA, which caused a sensation in the whole country. Many people came from other places to have a look. Due to too many visitors, it is said that the exhibition stipulates that each audience can only stay in front of the Mona Lisa for three seconds. Later, this painting was exhibited in Japan, which was more sensational than in the United States. It is said that each audience can only watch it for 2 seconds.

Background mystery

Carlo pedretti, a professor at the University of California, believes that the background behind Mona Lisa is the scenery near Brianaud Bridge in arezzo, central Italy. Pedretti's evidence is that Da Vinci was born in Da Vinci Town, about 100 km from arezzo, and once lived in arezzo. The original landscape in this area is almost the same as the background of Mona Lisa. So Leonardo da Vinci probably used the pastoral scenery in this area as the background of Mona Lisa. When pedretti's views were published at the International Symposium on Da Vinci's Painting, many experts in art history affirmed his research results.

The British Guardian website 201165438+1October 9 reported that Italian art historian Carla Gloria said that the background bridge and a road above the Mona Lisa's shoulder in the painting belong to the northern Italian town of Bobbio.

Previously, it was generally believed that the background in Mona Lisa was fictitious. Gloria said that the digital password recently found in the painting supported her inference. Gloria claims that she will publish her new findings this year. She said: "The winding road in the painting can be found in the northern Italian town of Bobbio, and so can the arch bridge. Leonardo da Vinci can see the bridge through the window of the town castle. "

Gloria came to this conclusion when she studied the true identity of the characters in the Mona Lisa painting. She thinks that the woman in the painting may be Bianca Giovanna sforza,/Kloc-the daughter of ludovico sforza, Duke of Milan in the 5th century. A popular saying is that the real name of the woman in the painting is Lisa Giocondo, the wife of a businessman in Florence, Italy. Gloria said, "Bobbio was under Ludovico, and the library there was very famous. Like many other artists and scientists, Leonardo da Vinci may have been there. " Bobbio in the Middle Ages was famous for its monasteries, and the background bridge in the Mona Lisa painting was located on the Trebbia River, which was once called the most beautiful place in the world by American writer Hemingway.

Last year, some Italian researchers claimed that the number "72" was written on the arch in the background of the Mona Lisa. Gloria thinks this number stands for 1472, because the bridge was destroyed by the flood in 1472 and then rebuilt. But some people object to this statement. Italian researcher Silvano Winchetti thinks this number has another meaning. He said: "There is no dan brown password here, just sending some information to express my thoughts. Numbers 7 and 2 are very important in Kabala. " Winchetti's team is still studying other women who may become Leonardo da Vinci's models. But he said: "We think Bianca Giovanna sforza is unlikely to be the woman in the painting because she died at the age of 15, and the woman in the painting is at least 22 years old." Gloria said that in the years when he finished painting, Leonardo da Vinci may have deliberately painted sforza's face more mature to hide the true identity of the woman in the painting after his father collapsed. [ 1]

Prototype mystery

For more than 500 years, historians have been arguing about the prototype of Leonardo da Vinci's famous painting Mona Lisa. Especially the mysterious smile on the face of the person in the painting is the mystery of people's speculation. Recently, Usep Palanti, an ordinary teacher in Florence, Italy, put forward a new view that the Mona Lisa is a "housewife" with five children.

According to the Daily Telegraph 1, Palanti studied the archives of Florence for 25 years, and then came to the conclusion that the prototype of Mona Lisa was lisa gherardini, the wife of a friend of Leonardo da Vinci's father and a housewife with five children.

According to Palanti's research, Lisa married Francesco Giocondo, a Florentine silk merchant, when she was 1495 and 16 years old, and Giocondo was a good friend and neighbor of Leonardo's father Piero. Lisa is Giocondo's second wife. The couple have a good relationship and have five children. Giocondo said in his will that Lisa was his "beloved" and "loyal" wife.

Palanti believes that The Portrait of Mona Lisa was completed when Lisa was 24 years old. Leonardo da vinci's father arranged everything and paid his son to paint this picture for his friend's wife. At that time, Leonardo da Vinci was troubled by a financial dispute. His father probably wanted to help his son in this way.

In the legend about the prototype of Mona Lisa, some people say that the person in the painting was a famous prostitute in Florence at that time, while others say that the person in the painting is a self-portrait of Leonardo da Vinci himself. Last year, an American professor named Xie Wen Newland claimed that he had discovered the real secret behind Mona Lisa's smile. Mona Lisa always has a smile on her face, because the owner in the painting happened to be pregnant when she was a model of Leonardo da Vinci. This is a mother's mysterious smile when a new life is about to be born.

At present, Palanti is compiling her research results into a book during the summer vacation and plans to publish it in August.

Leonardo da Vinci's Mona Lisa was originally painted in the Louvre in Paris. But for hundreds of years, collectors have claimed that they have collected more than 60 Mona Lisa paintings.

● Mystery of disappearance

Due to the interruption of the exhibition due to the relocation of the exhibition hall, it will "disappear" in the Louvre exhibition hall for the first time in 30 years.

Mona Lisa has been smiling silently at the audience in the Louvre. She can finally have a day off.

On April 4th, visitors couldn't see Mona Lisa's charming smile in the Louvre. According to the statement of the Louvre, the Mona Lisa will move to the exhibition hall on the same day and take a "vacation", which will be the first time that this famous painting has been suspended in the Louvre in 30 years.

The Louvre said in a statement that four years later, the Mona Lisa will be moved to the renovated old exhibition hall on April 4. In 2000, due to the age of the old exhibition hall, there were problems in preservation conditions and safety measures, and the Louvre moved the Mona Lisa to the current temporary exhibition hall.

According to the museum's explanation, it will be inevitable to interrupt the exhibition for one day, because engineers need to install lighting facilities and special reflective glass for the moved Mona Lisa on that day, and set up a more reasonable visit path. In order to avoid the disappointment of a large number of tourists, the Louvre informed nearly 6,000 travel agencies around the world, and explained it in 10 on its home page.

Leonardo da Vinci's Mona Lisa is the most famous work of art in the Louvre. According to statistics, 90% visitors to the Louvre will not miss this "smile". The museum's souvenir shop sells more than 330,000 Mona Lisa souvenirs every year, including postcards, magnets and puzzles.

Since the establishment of 1789 Louvre and the arrival of Mona Lisa, the museum has avoided interrupting the exhibition of this painting except for a few accidents. According to a staff member of the museum, "Rembrandt, Titian and greco can all be shelved for several weeks, but the Mona Lisa can't". Even the guardian of this famous painting himself can only get close to this painting and carry out research work when the Louvre is closed. The x-ray detection study of this painting was carried out in the middle of the night.

The last time the Mona Lisa disappeared from the view of the Louvre visitors was in 1974. At that time, she traveled across the ocean to visit Japan. According to experts' estimation, this kind of exhibition tour is unlikely to happen again in the future. The upgraded exhibition hall has enough capacity to cope with the tourist flow of 1 1,500 people per hour, so on April 4, 2006, 5438+0 will be the only vacation of the Mona Lisa for many years.

● Mystery of cause of death

According to records, Lisa Di Gradini (the character in the painting) died of depression at the age of 46, but a Japanese cardiologist said that he found a yellow spot on the Mona Lisa's left eye, which is a sign of high cholesterol. Japanese cardiologists say the Mona Lisa should have died of a myocardial infarction.

Others say that she died of depression because she fell in love with Leonardo da Vinci.

● Mystery of remains

The remains of the prototype Mona Lisa were discarded in the garbage.

According to the British daily telegraph 65438+1October 1 1, an Italian scholar was shocked a few days ago. As early as 30 years ago, the body of lisa gberdini, the prototype of leonardo da vinci's masterpiece Mona Lisa, was dug out of the grave and dumped as garbage in a dump in the suburb of Florence.

Build a parking lot and dig a cemetery.

Studies show that Lisa died in Florence on 1542 and was buried in the cemetery of a local convent called San Osora. After hundreds of years, monasteries have long ceased to exist. Later, a tobacco factory and a university teaching building were built here, which became the dormitory area of Italian police in the 1980s.

Giuseppe Palanti, an Italian art history expert, recently announced that after decades of research on historical archives and materials, he found that when developers built underground parking lots in that area 30 years ago, they dug up the local cemetery together with the foundation, while Lisa's body was dumped as construction waste in a large garbage dump in the suburb of Florence, which is now a 30-meter-high garbage mountain.

Developers don't understand historical sites.

Palanti, author of The Secret of Mona Lisa: The True Identity of Leonardo da Vinci's Model, said in an interview recently: "Unfortunately, Lisa's grave has been destroyed. At that time, people didn't know who was buried in it, and they didn't realize the importance of protecting historical sites. They just want to build a dormitory for the police. "

● Life experience is white.

For hundreds of years, the debate about the true identity of the woman in the painting has never stopped. Experts from Heidelberg University in Germany got the latest clues from the notes on the pages of historical documents in the library, and uncovered the mystery of Mona Lisa's life experience.

Experts from the University of Heidelberg claimed that by analyzing the scribbled notes in the margin of a 500-year-old page in the library, they could confirm that this woman with a mysterious smile was Lisa Gerbodini, the wife of Florentine cloth dealer Francisco de Giocondo. This document was discovered two and a half years ago by Dr. Armine Schlecht, head of the university handwriting department. The original owner of this document, agostino Wesp, was familiar with Leonardo da Vinci and was an official of the Florence government at that time. In his notes left in the margin of the document, he compared Leonardo da Vinci with Apelles, an ancient Greek artist, and said that Leonardo da Vinci was creating three works at the same time, one of which was a portrait of Lisa de Giocondo. The date of the document is 1503 10 month, which is consistent with the approximate time when experts judged that the work was completed 1503 to 1506.

Mona Lisa is a treasure of the Louvre, also known as Madame Giocondo. Her surname means happiness in Italian.

The endless Mona Lisa

Mona Lisa, this is an endless question. It has been nearly 500 years since it came out, and later generations have many comments and speculations, leaving more and more puzzles. At present, there are hundreds of monographs on Mona Lisa in the world, and nearly 100 scholars regard this painting as a lifelong topic. The passage of time will not solve the puzzle, but will only leave more doubts for future generations with the deepening of research.