Evaluation and planning of geological tourism resources in Zhanghewan

1. Evaluation of geological tourism resources in Zhanghewan

Zhanghewan tourist area has beautiful scenery, pleasant scenery, beautiful mountains and rivers, tree-lined, magnificent ancient buildings leading the way, and even has the reputation of "the five mountains are beautiful, and Taihang Mountain is just a pale rock". This ancient bridge hall is famous at home and abroad. Based on the types of tourism resources in Zhanghewan Scenic Area, it has the characteristics of beautiful mountains, strange buildings, ancient bridges, pools, secluded valleys, beautiful forests and clear water:

1. Shan Mei

(1) Danya is like a screen, and the grooves are like belts-magnificent beauty.

The bottom of Cangyan Mountain is more than 460 meters above sea level, and the top stack of the main ridge is more than 660 meters above sea level, with a relative height of 200 meters. Tourists come here and look up at the mountains. The steep cliffs stand tall. The first feeling is the grandeur of the mountain. A single pen made of red seasonal sandstone stands like a huge screen in the sky, especially in the sunny morning, when the rising sun shines from the west, Ya Dan Chibi is particularly dazzling, and the forest between the cliffs is overgrown with weeds, like a green belt embedded in the rock wall, and the scenery is magnificent. An ancient poem praised: "Ya Dan and Cuibi set each other off, but Wang Wei's paintings are not as good as theirs" (Qiao Mingshi Yu).

(2) Barrel-shaped valley, echoing the arc wall-secluded beauty, magnificent.

The valley of Cangyan Mountain is surrounded by walls on three sides, highlighting the deep and quiet environment, which is amazing. The arc-shaped rock wall and the overhanging Dan cliff protruding upward and concave downward protrude several meters from the cliff top, and the huge stones and stalactites are upside down, which is both frightening and spectacular. On weekdays, the top of the cliff is scattered like rain on a sunny day, and its scenery is pleasing to the eye and poetic. In addition, the echo effect of this valley is excellent, which is related to the suitable radian and tall rock wall. This natural echo wall created by nature not only adds interest to tourists, but also is a good place for entertainment.

(3) The modeling peak stone has sharp edges and corners-the beauty of rigidity.

The Great Wall is the seasonal sandstone of Changzhougou Formation, with hard lithology, clear bedding, small dip angle, thick strata and well-developed joints. Therefore, the "massive" collapse or peak rock shape is particularly eye-catching, and some blocks stand tall, and the stepped rock walls are layered. Peak clusters, solitary peaks, stone pillars and piers are straight and sharp. If the granite peak stone shape is "round and simple" due to spherical weathering, and the limestone peak stone landform is "tall and beautiful" due to dissolution, then the red sandstone cockroach rock landform peak stone shape is "simple and straight".

(4) The beauty of Chio lies in the rift valley and cliff canyon.

There are many cracks and rifts in the landscape of Zhangshiyan, and the hard timely sandstone cracks along faults or joints to form a "hanging ladder". Later, after erosion and transportation by flowing water, the rift valley deepened, and the valley walls on both sides stood upright, and predecessors often followed the rift valley to dig mountains and climb mountains. Visitors are here, such as in the alley sandwiched by high-rise buildings, in the Olympic environment, which is amazing.

This ancient bridge has been completely abandoned.

Fuqing Temple complex has its own characteristics in site selection, overall pattern, single building design and modeling treatment. These buildings are well organized. Its architectural style is as follows: the cliff rises and the stream flows. The majestic Qiaolou Temple is one of the representatives. It spans two cliffs from west to east. This is a shouldered arch with high wing angles and painted tassels. It's a must in the foggy sea of Tian Yun. The towering and unique Qiaolou Temple, built in the Sui Dynasty, is one of the three suspended temples in China. On the first line of high mountains and valleys, the world wonder of "Bridge Hall Flying Rainbow" has been formed. According to research, Cangyanshan Stone Bridge was built in the early Sui Dynasty, about 1400 years ago, slightly earlier than Zhao Zhouqiao.

3. Tante Valley

White sandalwood and cypress trees grown in Fuqing Temple have a history of thousands of years. Dalbergia odorifera grows at the bottom of the stream, with lush trees; Different styles and unique charm; Layer upon layer, densely covered with valleys. In the spring season, birds are singing and flowers are fragrant. Standing in Qiaolou Temple, I have a bird's eye view of the deep valley. The green sandalwood leaves are floating in the wind, just like duckweed on the water. White sandalwood has no heart and no skin, pure and pure; Roots must go around the rock, like a dragon's claw grasping the ground and a snake rolling stone; The trunk is slender and graceful, and the branches are smooth and soft; The green leaves are luxuriant. Dalbergia odorifera grows on ancient gneiss and Proterozoic strata, which provides rich trace elements such as potassium, and seasonal flowing water breeds peculiar valley landscape.

4. Lin Xiu

Mainly distributed in shady and semi-shady slopes around Nansizhang, it is the largest primary secondary forest in North China at present. There are mainly camphor wood, Chinese fir, larch, cypress, poplar and cotinus coggygria in the forest, as well as colorful shrubs and flowers. Surrounded by towering trees, lush foliage, canopy, evergreen all year round. Known as "a cliff in various poses and a tree ten miles deep".

5. Clear water

Zhanghewan Reservoir is a meandering river formed by artificial interception under the control of natural geological conditions. Upstream, the river bends into a snake shape, boarding the Laoye Temple to have a bird's eye view to the southeast, just like a huge green snake winding forward. The lake is located in the winding section from Haoting of Gantao River to Dingpanzhai Canyon, with a length of about 15km. It is a typical deep meandering artificial lake with a water surface width of 150 ~250m and a water depth of 60m near the dam. The water quality is clean, the water color is clear and the lake is beautiful. It is an ideal place for fishing, boating and other water activities.

6. Tourism environment

In addition to the characteristics of tourism resources, Zhanghewan is also extremely favorable in terms of tourism environment. First of all, the natural environment is superior, and the scenery is beautiful all year round, with its own characteristics. In spring, the peaks are graceful and the green leaves are delicate; Summer is green, surrounded by green trees, lush foliage, covering the sky, cool and pleasant; In autumn, the mountains are washed and the maple leaves are like clouds; In winter, the green hills are bleak and covered in silver.

Zhanghewan tourist area has superior ecological environment. Forest can adjust the climate, purify the air and absorb dust, which has the special medical effect of "forest bath" and has become one of people's main interests in pursuing return to nature. People can climb mountains, enjoy in the forest, walk in the shade and have a picnic. Adjust the spirit through the natural environment, relieve fatigue, resist diseases and strengthen the body. The sound insulation effect of the forest will make people feel unique tranquility; Green environment and beautiful scenery can give people a sense of tranquility and comfort; There are many negative oxygen ions in forest air, which can promote human metabolism and improve human immunity. Nansizhang Forest Nature Reserve is not only a tourist function, but also an important teaching and research base.

In the tourist destination, the scenic spots are connected with each other, with continuous scenic spots, majestic but accessible mountains, convenient transportation, dense road network and easy contact with the outside world. The scenic spot has complete tourist facilities, reasonable infrastructure and good natural environment conditions.

The tourist landscape center is more than 70 kilometers away from Shijiazhuang, and it is one of the few national key scenic spots in Taihang Mountain. People in mountainous areas are hardworking and simple. Agricultural and sideline products are abundant, including white apricot, fresh peach, pear, apple, persimmon, walnut, jujube, peanut, watermelon and tomato. At present, only Cangyan Mountain Scenic Area receives more than 500,000 tourists every year, and the ticket income reaches more than 2 million yuan.

Zhanghewan has a vast tourism market, with Shijiazhuang in the east, Taiyuan in Shanxi in the west and Beijing in the north. In particular, Shijiazhuang City in Hebei Province and counties and cities in Shanxi Province have listed tourist attractions including Cangyan Mountain as important tourist destinations. The development of two-day tour routes on Saturday and Sunday will greatly promote the development of tourism in this area, and Zhanghewan tourist area will become the first tourist attraction for Taihang Mountain people.

Second, the planning of tourist destination in Zhanghewan.

1. Protection system planning

According to the evaluation of landscape resources in tourist areas and their regional differentiation characteristics, Zhanghewan is divided into five types of protected areas. Zhanghewan Scenic Area: Cangyan Mountain, Zhanghewan Artificial Lake and Nansizhang Forest Park; First-class landscape protection area: Cangyanshan ancient building scenic area, a typical scenic spot with high scientific value and ornamental value; Secondary landscape protection areas: Zhangshiyan landform and Nansizhang Forest Park; Third-class landscape protection area: including villages and landforms around the scenic spot, such as Shi Cun, invasive landforms, river landforms, etc. Water source protection areas: including Gantao River, Zhanghewan artificial lake, Yugou Reservoir and other waters (Figure 10- 1).

2. Tourism planning and reward system

The basic unit of tourism system is scenic spot, and the relatively closed space composed of certain scenic spots is called landscape unit. With the main scenic spots as the center, a number of landscape units are unified through tourist routes to form a scenic spot.

Zhanghewan tourist area includes five scenic spots: Thousand Buddha Cave, Zhaoguyuan, Cangyan Mountain, Zhanghewan and Nansizhang. These five scenic spots are connected by Ping She 107 national highway and township road, forming a dendritic tourist route. It is less than 10km from Thousand Buddha Cave and Zhaoguyuan to Cangyan Mountain, the central scenic spot. The scenery along the way is picturesque and beautiful, and various geological landscapes are like landscape paintings, stretching continuously. Each scenic spot has its own unique scenery, and each scenic spot includes several scenic spots or landscape units. Multiple landscape units connected by tourist roads form a tourist route.

Figure 10- 1: Riverbend Tourism Planning and Design

The first attraction: Thousand Buddha Cave Scenic Area. Divided into three landscape units, connected by tourist routes. (1) plaque, "Thousand Buddha Ancient Cave" in horizontal script above the cave gate; (2) The Buddha statues in ancient caves-the main scenic spots. Thousands of Buddha statues are carved in rows along the natural cave walls, mostly sitting Buddha statues, mainly distributed in the south wall. Except for the two statues, which are about 1.5 ~ 2.3m high, most of them are 0.3 ~ 0.5m, and the smallest top is 10cm, which are arranged in layers, groups and closely. According to research, the cave was built in the Northern Qi Dynasty, and its sculptures are rich in content and exquisite in art. It is a physical specimen for studying the history of stone carving art in China. ③ Stone cave, with the entrance facing 120, the main cave is 34m long, the largest cave is 5m high, the front is narrow and the back is wide, and the bottom is 2 ~ 7m wide. There are two branch tunnels at the top of the main tunnel. The branch tunnel on the north side extends in the direction of 340, about 20 meters long, and the end is narrowed, so people can't enter. The hole is nearly 3 meters high, and there are four big bamboo shoots and collapsed rocks at the bottom of the hole. The south branch cave is in the same direction as the north branch cave, and there are stone pillars, small stalagmites and stone pillars in the cave. This cave is a large local cave. No matter from cultural relics or geological survey, it has certain value.

The second scenic spot: Zhaoguyuan Scenic Spot. 7 kilometers away from Thousand Buddha Cave, there are 3 landscape units and more than 20 scenic spots, which are connected by tourist routes. (1) Tibetan ancient temple, which is composed of Tibetan ancient temple and Chengying temple, stands on the mountain and is magnificent; ② Xuanyuan Cave, consisting of Pangu Cave and Xuanyuan Cave, is winding and deep. There are nine stone carvings and various murals embedded in the cave wall, including Pangu, Huang Sanhe and Shao Hao in western Bai Di, Zhuan Xu in northern Hei Di, Xuanyuan in central emperor, Tai Hao in eastern Di Qing and Yan Di in southern Chi Di. (3) Wuyuan, which consists of Wuyuan and Confucius-Mencius learning maps, especially Confucius-Mencius learning maps.

The third scenic spot: Cangyan Mountain. 5km away from Zhaoguyuan Scenic Area, it is the central landscape of Zhanghewan tourist destination, which is connected by three tourist routes. The route of Fuqing Temple includes three scenic spots, one scenic spot, sixteen scenic spots and seventy-two scenic spots. (1) Ancient Tan in a secluded valley is composed of landscapes such as the wind spring washing jade, the midday shade of the academy, and the exquisite Tan in Bixi (the first picture). The valley is refreshing and full of interesting Tan. Along the way, Yingbin Tan (also called Open-minded Old Man Tan), Luohan Tan, Giant Python Tan, Jushi Tan, Yuanyang Tan (Sister Tan), Gecko Tan, Jin Chan Tan, Su Xin Tan, African Claw Tan, and Split Stone are numerous. (2) The uncanny workmanship is composed of the hanging ladder, the flying rainbow in the bridge hall (the second wonder), the beaded cliff, the bridge building hall, Fuqing Temple and other landscapes; (3) Cliff Narrow Stack consists of bird's-eye views of Juexian Huilan, Shangshu Shijie, Ya Dan Diecui, Cooper's pilgrimage (the third unique), Wei Shuo Terrace, Tibetan Scripture Building, Fenghuixuan, Guandi Temple and Princess Temple, as well as Yan Guan Suocui, Furnace Peak Sunset, Crouching Tiger Cliff and Temple Stone Peak. On the plank road 100m above Qiaolou Temple, the skin of passers-by turns yellow and green, which is a great wonder of Cangyan Mountain. (4) The Sleeping Buddha Temple, located at the top of Cangyan Mountain, has the princess grave, the Sleeping Buddha Temple, the Ursa Major Hall, the Heavenly King Hall, the Bell and Drum Tower, the Jade Emperor's Peak and other landscapes. Longyan temple route, which is 1km away from Fuqing Temple route, includes two landscape units. Notre Dame, consisting of the ancient plank road, Chaoyang Cave, Cai Yun Bridge, Ursa Major Hall, Notre Dame and Notre Dame Hall; (2) Ya Dan Ancient Pagoda, including Ya Dan Pagoda, Pagoda of Six Harmonies Pagoda and Lynx Pagoda.

The fourth scenic spot: Zhanghewan. It is about 12km away from Cangyan Mountain, and it is a good place to escape the summer on the water, mainly including water conservancy projects such as Lefoshan, Ya Dan Lake, Zhanghewan Reservoir, fishing grounds, retaining dams and power plants.

The fifth scenic spot: palm of Nansi Temple. About 15km away from Zhanghewan, there are mainly camphor wood, Chinese fir, larch, cypress, poplar and cotinus coggygria in the forest, as well as colorful shrubs and flowers. It is a resort for vacation and camping, such as mountain climbing and sightseeing, walking in the forest, picnicking in the shade and so on.

3. Tourism service system planning

According to the principle of central place and the behavior characteristics of tourism activities, the tourism service system is planned from three aspects: protecting landscape resources, facilitating tourists and improving tourism economic benefits. Zhanghewan tourism service is divided into three levels.

First-class service destination: its service scope includes five scenic spots, providing tourists with transportation, sightseeing, tour guide, safety, accommodation, environmental optimization and protection, as well as tourist facilities throughout the destination. For example, it is suggested to spend the night at Cangyanshan Service Center, Zhanghewan Summer Resort Center and Henan Temple Zhangye Guest House.

Secondary service places: located in various scenic spots, providing services such as tour guides, tourists' safety, accommodation arrangements, environmental optimization and protection of tourist destinations, rest, drinks, photography and tourist facilities.

Third-level service place: the service scope is limited to scenic spots, and only necessary services such as rest, drinks and photography are provided.

4. Organization and planning of tourism activities

According to the planning of tourist attractions in Zhanghewan, Shijiazhuang tourists can choose one-day tour or multi-day tour according to their own needs. One-day tour can press Thousand Buddha Cave, Zhao Guyuan and Cangyan Mountain; Or visit Zhanghewan and Nansi chapters by stages. A two-day tour is recommended. The specific arrangements are as follows:

At 6: 30, starting from Shijiazhuang, you can enjoy the Shitai Expressway and roadside scenery along the way;

Arrive at the Thousand Buddha Cave Scenic Area at 7: 30 and leave at 8: 10;

Arrive at Zhaoguyuan Scenic Area at 8: 30 and leave at 10: 30;

/kloc-arrive in longyan temple at 0/0: 50 and leave at 0/2: 00;

12: 00 10: 00, go to Cangyan Mountain, adjust, take photos, replenish supplies, and then climb the mountain at100. /kloc-return at 0/7: 30;

18 Go to Zhanghewan, have a rest and enjoy the night view of Zhanghewan, or go directly to Nansizhang to experience the wild life.

At 7 o'clock the next day, visit Zhanghewan Scenic Area, 1 1 leave.

1 1: 30, arrive at Nansizhang, and return to Shijiazhuang at 16: 30.

5. Plan to connect with the transportation network outside the region. At present, the traffic network of Zhanghewan tourist area has basically taken shape. There are several buses and tourist buses from Shijiazhuang to Cangyan Mountain, from Shijiazhuang to Diaoyu Island, from Shijiazhuang to Nanhao Pavilion, from Jingxing to Cangyan Mountain, from Jingxing to Diaoyu Island and from Jingxing to Nanhao Pavilion every day. On this basis, we can further expand and extend, or increase the number of tourist cars in Nansizhang and other places, or organize one-day or two-day tours.

Thirdly, the tourism development of Zhangshiyan landform in Zhanghewan tourist area.

The unique landform type of Zhangshiyan is more and more recognized by people, attracting more and more tourists to visit and explore wonders, and becoming a tourist hotspot. Among them, Cangyan Mountain was rated as a national 4A-level scenic spot.

The landform of Zhangshiyan is of great significance in the development of tourism resources.

1. Zhangshiyan landform is an outstanding representative of developing tourist areas and has a unique rock landscape.

The tourist area formed with the unique rock landscape as the core is rare in northern China. In the original place of craggy rock landform, its steep walls hundreds of meters high and long walls stretching tens of thousands of meters are enough to constitute the tourism image status of this kind of rock landscape. At present, at least in Taihang Mountain area, the landform of craggy rocks is typical in a large range because the main mountains in many tourist areas reflect this landform feature.

2. The landform of Zhangshiyan will become an important member of the rock science tourism circle.

Many tourist areas have successfully developed special rock landscapes. Through the in-depth study of the formation mechanism, development process and landscape characteristics of such rocks, the scientific community has laid a good foundation for its deep-seated tourism activities. This is the "rock science tourism" that has attracted the attention of the tourism industry at present. The tourism development process of Zhangshiyan landform will make it an important part of rock science tourism circle. At present, tourism activities have been carried out in many areas of craggy rock landform, including craggy rock, Cangyan Mountain, Xiantai Mountain and other scenic spots and nature reserves.

3. The landform types of Zhangshiyan enrich the classification system of tourism resources.

According to the usual classification system of tourism resources, the basic types of tourism resources related to rocks are "typical geological structure", "eroded residual landscape", "standard fossil bed" and "strange pictographic rocks" (Yin et al., 1992). These basic types are divided according to the rock characteristics of some known tourist areas. The discovery and in-depth study of Zhangshiyan landform will add new content to the rock landscape types in the classification of tourism resources.

4. The landform of Zhangshiyan promotes the maturity and development of a new type of tourist area.

The craggy rock landform has its unique performance, which is hard to see in other tourist areas. The tourist areas with the same rock landscape, such as Danxia Mountain in northern Guangdong, Shilin Mountain in southern Yunnan, Zhangjiajie in western Hunan, Wuerhe in Xinjiang and Caiwushan, have left different impressions on tourists because of their inherent characteristics and the influence of human history and culture. The spectacular overall image of Zhangshiyan landform tourist area (Cangyan Mountain Scenic Area, etc.). ) and the scenic spot with rich historical and cultural connotations (Guo Kang, 1992) have all the conditions for a characteristic tourist area.

5. The landform of Zhangshiyan provides conditions for the development of characteristic tourism products.

Sightseeing: Open up reasonable tourist routes, set up some scenic spots, and provide visitors with spectacular craggy landform from different angles and sides. Typical scenic spots such as Ya Dan and ω-shaped valley have been set up in these places, and phenological viewing contents in different seasons and time periods have been arranged.

Popular science tourism: using various tour guide signs and propaganda media to publicize the formation and development of Zhangshiyan landscape, the ecological characteristics of Zhangshiyan landscape area and the scientific principles of environmental protection and cultivation, so as to provide real and accurate scientific information for ordinary tourists; Provide necessary working and living conditions and accept individual researchers and research groups to carry out research and teaching practice in tourist areas.

Adventure performance and fitness tourism: develop special tourism activities or professional performance activities such as mountaineering, rock climbing and adventure. When conditions are ripe, some contents can also be absorbed by ordinary tourists.

Leisure and holiday conference tourism: in summer, the temperature difference between mountainous areas and adjacent plains is used to build leisure and recuperation places and carry out summer tourism.