What are the ancient legends in Shenyang?

The Story of Old Wang Han Moving to Shenyang

After the Battle of Salhu, the influence of the old Hanwang Nurhachi increased greatly, and then the capital was moved from Hetuala to Liaoyang and named Tokyo. However, just three years after the capital was established, it suddenly decided to move to Shenyang. Why did Nurhachi insist on moving the capital to Shenyang City? For a long time, there has been a wonderful legend among the people.

According to legend, one day, Nurhachi discussed with Baylor, a vassal, and suddenly put forward the idea of moving the capital to Shenyang. This sudden decision surprised everyone, and at that time, everyone expressed opposition. In this way, the monarch and his subjects had a heated debate in the palace. The king and ministers think that Tokyo is already quite big. If you move again, you will lose both people and money, and the loss will outweigh the gain. Nurhachi argued: "Shenyang is the land of victory, extending in all directions, and can attack when entering and defend when retreating." Build a capital there, and you can attack Daming in the west, Mongolia in the north and Korea in the south. Moreover, Shenyang Mountain is a beautiful place, with beautiful water, deep forests, many wild animals and beautiful fish and shrimp. "This each hold one end, difficult to * * * knowledge at the moment.

At this time, suddenly the door army reported that an old man had come to ask for an audience. Nuerhachi sent a message. Please come in. As soon as the old man stepped into the temple gate, he loudly reported the good news to Hanwang: "Your Majesty, my family lives in Fengjibao, south of Shenshui. A phoenix suddenly flew in the Woods at the eastern end of the village the day before yesterday. Phoenix is the king of birds. It is a symbol of good luck. You must have reported that you are blessed by flying here, so I came to give you good news. " Nurhachi was overjoyed and praised the old man heavily, and then sent someone to check it out. Sure enough, a beautiful phoenix landed in the forest. Nurhachi moved in his heart and asked the king what this meant. Guys, look at me. I look at you. Nobody said anything. Only four Baylor Huang Taiji replied, "The phoenix has no treasure. This phoenix land must have good feng shui. This is where God instructed us to move the capital. " Nurhachi said excitedly: "Bei Le has a point, so we will follow the whereabouts of the Phoenix!" All the princes and ministers also nodded in favor.

Nurhachi sent people to survey the terrain, while collecting the chariots and horses of migrant workers, preparing to build a big building. Who knows that as soon as the construction started, the Phoenix suddenly turned around and flew away with a long sound, flying to Shenyang, north of Shenshui, before falling, and kept nodding to Nurhachi. When Nurhachi saw this, he said loudly: "Now the phoenix flies down Shenyang City, and the sound is endless. It can be seen that this is a real treasure trove of geomantic omen, and Xindu should move there. What do you think? " They kept silent. Nurhachi waved his hand decisively and said loudly, "It seems that Phoenix is an act of God and ordered me to build a new capital in Shenyang. Since God instructed me to move the capital there, how dare I not follow? " Seeing that he made up his mind and thought it was providence, everyone agreed to move the capital to Shenyang.

Nurhachi really ordered people to build a capital in the place where Phoenix settled, and named it "Fengtian", later changed to "Fengtian", meaning "Fengtian traffic". After the completion of the new city, Nurhachi moved from Liaoyang to Tokyo to Shenyang.

There is an old legend about the origin of "Shenyang"

During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Shenyang became a vassal state of Yan, and it was owned by the obedient Sushen family. In the Western Han Dynasty, the Han Dynasty established Hou County in present-day Shenyang, then Liaodong County, and then Xuantu County. Since the middle of the post-Han Dynasty, Shenyang has been regarded as Xuantu County and called Koguryo County. The remains of Han Dynasty that we saw in Shenyang Museum today came from the south bank of Hunhe River, about 10 km southeast of the urban area. It is speculated that this place may be ruled by the former Han Dynasty, the later main city county and the later Han Dynasty Tugong county.

In the middle and late Eastern Jin Dynasty, Xuantu County was owned by Houyan, and moved to Xianxing, North Korea. Shenyang was still called Koguryo County. In 407 AD, Beiyan destroyed the Houyan regime, Shenyang was taken by Beiyan, and Koguryo County was abolished. Since then, Shenyang has successively belonged to the Northern Wei Dynasty and the Sui and Tang Dynasties. Tang Ruizong Jing Yun years (710-711), Shen Zhou was established in today's Shenyang area. At the end of the Tang Dynasty, Shen Zhou was occupied by the newly rising Khitans. In the sixth year of Liao Taizu (92 1), Liao soldiers will set up Sanhe county on the north bank of Shenshui. Later it was changed to Lejiao County. It became the headquarters of Xingliao Army and Zhao Dejun in Shenzhou, and the address was near Shenyang today. During the Jin Dynasty, Shenyang was ruled by Shenzhou Xiande Army.

At the beginning of Yuan Dynasty, it was also called Shen Zhou. Later, because Shenzhou lived in the north of Shenshui, it was named after Shenyang Road in Shenzhou (in ancient times, Shuibei was Yang and Shuinan was Yin). There is an old legend about the origin of Shenyang. According to legend, at the foot of Shizuitou Mountain (now Zhushan Mountain) on the north bank of Shenshui, there lived a young man named Brother Shen. This year, the flooded water suddenly broke into waves and floods raged. It turned out that the three-headed dumpling of the diving dragon king was making waves. Brother Shen vowed to find Santou jiaozi and kill the people. At the right moment, Sister Yang, the third princess of the Dragon King of Dongmei, heard that her parents were betrothing herself to the three-headed dumpling of her cousin Shen Shuilong, so she ran to Shen Shuilong Palace behind her parents' back to observe her cousin's character in person. Unexpectedly, Santou jiaozi is having a "boy banquet". Sister Yang was furious and determined to help Shen Dage get rid of the three-headed jiaozi. She took off her robes and put them on Shen Ge, saying, "Put them on and you can fly to the sky. If you want to move Sun Ge in the fire, only Sun Ge's fire can burn three jiaozi. " Shen Ge broke into the fire and the sun made Shen Ge smoke, but Shen Ge still gritted his teeth and ran away. Back in Shenshui, Santou Jiao was desperately dragging Sister Yang into the water, and Brother Shen quickly threw the sun. The three-headed dumpling was burnt to ashes by Brother Sun, but Brother Shen couldn't support it himself and fell into the river. Sister Yang saw it. Extremely anxious, shouted; "Brother Shen-"jumped into the river to save him. But she forgot that her robes had been taken off for Brother Shen.

The villagers searched Shenshui, but found no bodies of Brother Shen and Sister Yang, so they set up a monument on the north bank of Shenshui, engraved with the word "Shenyang". Later, villages and cities were built around this stone tablet, and this place was called Shenyang because it happened to be on the sunny side of Shenshui. Later generations didn't know the story of the fight between Shen Ge and Yangmei, so they mistook "Shenyang" for "Shenyang".

Eight Banners and Han Eight Banners

In people's spoken language, when it comes to the Eight Banners system in Qing Dynasty, we often hear the opinions of Han Army and Han Eight Banners. What is this?

It turns out that the Nuzhen nationality living in the northeast of China, under the command of Nuerhachi, the leader of the Nuzhen nationality, grew stronger and stronger in the Ming Dynasty, and established the post-Jin State in 16 16. Nurhachi organized his men into an army according to the banner. First of all, there are four flags, that is, flags of four colors. Later, the number of people increased and became the Eight Banners, which is the origin of the Eight Banners. Manchu people are all incorporated into the flag, which is called the flag bearer, also called the flag bearer. Since all Manchu people are incorporated into its flag, there has always been a saying that all Manchu people are flag bearers. But not all flag bearers are Manchu. What about this? It turned out that after the influence of Nurhachi and Huang Taiji increased, the conquered Mongols were also included in the flag and were under the jurisdiction of the Eight Banners, which was called the Eight Banners of Mongolia. After the year of Jin Jiu (AD 1624), Nurhachi compiled the conquered Mongols into five "Lu Niu", which belonged to the Eight Banners of Manchuria. In the third year of Tiancong (A.D. 1629), Huang Taiji expanded the Five Cows of Mongolia into two Mongolian flags. In the ninth year of Tiancong (A.D. 1635), the two flags were expanded into eight flags. At this time, the Mongolian Eight Banners appeared.

Nurhachi entered the Liaoshen area, and a large number of Han Chinese were taken as slaves, incorporated into the Eight Banners of Manchuria, and became domestic slaves or slaves engaged in production in Toksuo (farm). At the same time, in order to expand the source of soldiers, some able-bodied men were drawn from the Han people who were slaves (it is stipulated that every 20 people should be drawn as soldiers), and the required horses and equipment were purchased by 20 Han people. The able-bodied men in his family are Han military families, and they have preferential treatment for Han military families. For example, the whole family can move into the city where Nurhachi is located to show their trust.

After Huang Taiji became Khan, he changed Nurhachi's policy towards the Han people, and no longer put the Han people in the conquered areas as slaves in the Eight Banners of Manchuria, and let them live in different villages, thus reducing the ethnic conflicts between Manchu and Han people. For these Han Chinese, they were managed by surrendered former Ming officials or Han Chinese officials promoted by Jin.

In February of the seventh year of Tiancong (AD 1633), Mao, the company commander of Liaodong in the Ming Dynasty, was executed by Yuan Chonghuan, and his subordinates Kong Youde and Geng led the army from Dengzhou, Shandong Province, to Liaodong and defected to the Later Jin Dynasty. Huang taiji attached great importance to their coming to vote. When they came to the suburbs of Shenyang, Huang Taiji personally greeted them on the banks of the Hunhe River, which was a very unusual move. In order to distinguish it from the Eight Banners in Manchuria, Geng's army used the white soap flag, that is, the flag with a white background and a black border, which was directly under the jurisdiction of Huang Taiji. This is the first time that the Han army appeared with a flag different from the Eight Banners of Manchuria. As the Han people can be organized into an army, Huang Taiji decided to establish his own Han army, and ordered one out of every ten Han able-bodied men in Manchu Eight Banners to form the Qi Han Army, which was the beginning of Huang Taiji's formation of the Han Army. With the development of the army, in the second year of Chongde (A.D. 1637), that is, the second year when Huang Taiji called the emperor to change the Jin Dynasty into the Qing Dynasty, the Han flag was split in two. Five years later, in the seventh year of Chongde (AD 1642), the Han army was expanded into the Eight Banners. At this point, the Eight Banners of the Han Army officially appeared and became one of the three armies of the Qing Dynasty. The flags used are the same as those of Manchuria and Mongolia, that is, yellow with yellow, white with white, red with red and blue with blue.

The Eight Banners were compiled, and their members were standard-bearers, that is, the standard-bearers of the Han army. Therefore, it should be said that the flag bearer is composed of Manchu, Mongolian and Han nationality, but it cannot be said that all the flag bearers are Manchu.

Zhang Xueliang and Zhang Henshui

1one day in August, 929, Zhang Henshui, who lives in Beiping, just finished writing a serial novel for the newspaper. Suddenly, an officer of the Northeast Army broke into his house. Although Zhang Henshui was laughing, he was a little nervous and didn't know what would happen to his head. The bearer claimed to be the adjutant of Zhang Xueliang, commander of the Northeast Frontier Defense, and gave Zhang Xueliang a business card, saying, "Commander Zhang, please come with me to meet in Shenyang." Zhang Henshui asked tentatively, "Do you know what it is?" The adjutant calmly replied: "I don't know, I will know when I arrive." "When are you leaving?" "The train ticket is ready. Let's take the bus tonight." This made Zhang Henshui suspicious: he had no contact with Zhang Xueliang in the past, but published a New History of Spring Festival in Xinmin Evening News in Shenyang at the end of last year, which was forced by friends of the newspaper. There will be no problem with the content, and there will be no mistake in the Foreign History in Spring and Ming Dynasties, which was just sent to the club a few days ago. At this time, my mind suddenly jumped out of the recent Shanghai news serial "Cry and Laugh", which Zhang Xueliang must have seen. So when Zhang Henshui said goodbye to his family, he said a word of "dumbfounding". Maybe Zhang Xueliang thought that General Liu wrote about his father in the book and asked me to go to Shenyang. It is difficult to predict the consequences of this trip. You should get ready at home. If something goes wrong, borrow it from a friend first and move back to your hometown in Anhui as soon as possible. "The family was very alarmed after hearing the news. Zhang Henshui was calm, took some clothes and went to Shenyang with his adjutant.

After getting off the bus, Zhang Henshui had no intention of guarding the city, and was guided by the adjutant to enter the Shuaifu directly. Unexpectedly, Zhang Xueliang gave a banquet to welcome him that night. When talking about the creation of "The Cause of Crying", Zhang Henshui explained: "Shen Fengxi is a real person, but his name has changed. General Liu is pure fiction. " Zhang Xueliang was open-minded and cheerful, and said with a smile, "You are generous. I hope you can help us enliven the Northeast literary world!" At this time, a stone in Zhang Henshui's heart fell to the ground. When Zhang Xueliang heard about the newly printed 100 volume of Chunqiu, he asked Xinmin Evening News to sell it on his behalf. He immediately sent an adjutant to buy 20 copies, and then gave them to government officials, almost all of them personally. The next day, Zhang Xueliang invited Zhang Henshui to talk with Director Hu in Shuaifu. As an old friend, they talked very harmoniously. Later, he was arranged to visit the Forbidden City and Beiling, and met with literary and art circles and journalists in the provincial capital to discuss. When he left, Zhang Xueliang also specially sent him some local products. Later, Zhang Henshui wrote the novel Golden Age, which was serialized in Xinmin Evening News.

Pu Songling's manuscript left in Shenyang.

Pu Songling is a famous writer in Qing Dynasty. He was poor all his life, set up a library as a disciple, went deep into the people and understood their thoughts and feelings. On the basis of collecting a large number of folk stories, he wrote 12 volumes and 49 1 short stories all his life. This is Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio, which occupies an important position in the history of China literature and enjoys a high reputation in the world literary world.

Pu Songling is a native of Zichuan (now Zibo). His manuscript of Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio was treasured by his descendants in the ancestral hall of his hometown Pu. However, during the Tongzhi period of the Qing Dynasty, Shandong suffered a once-in-a-century drought, and the people were in dire straits. The Pu family went to various places to make a living separately. Sun Pujia, the seventh Pu Songling, took his wife with him and settled in Shengjing, the capital. He also brought precious relics of his ancestors, heirloom Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio, the original manuscript of Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio and the six-foot-long giant painting Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio. The Pu family read "Enlightenment", became proficient in divination, set up a divination booth in Shenyang, and made a living by it, becoming a famous warlock in Shenyang at that time.

After the death of Pu Jiaren, the heirloom was collected by the eldest son Pu and the second son Pu. Hao, an Englishman, studied martial arts and joined the army when he was young. He used to be a sentry and gang leader of the Qing army, and later served as the adjutant of General Iktangla of Shengjing. When Aktangla learned that Pu was a descendant of Pu Songling and owned the manuscript of Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio, he wanted to borrow it. Although Pu never lent out the manuscript, his boss wanted to read it, so he had to agree. At that time, the manuscript was divided into two eight volumes. Hao Ying was afraid that Ektangra would not return it, so he lent him four volumes of books first, and then read them again after reading them. However, Ektangra went to Beijing on business shortly after changing the next letter, and took away the next letter of Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio. Soon came the bad news that Actangara died in Beijing. Pu Hao Ying regretted it at this moment, and the second half of the manuscript of the good ancestor was never returned to him.

1900, Russia invaded northeast China on a large scale, and Hao Ying was sent to Xifeng as a patrol of the Qing army, and moved to Xifeng with his family. In the early years of the Republic of China, Pu died, and the first half of the manuscript of Strange Tales of a Lonely Studio and the Music Picture of a Lonely Studio were preserved by his son Pu Wenshan. During the Puppet Manchuria period, Yuan, a traitor, learned about this matter, and found Pu Wenshan, who was then the director of the county library, through Feng Guangmin, the county magistrate of Xifeng County, and asked Pu Wenshan to transfer his paintings to him. Pu Wenshan said: "This is what my ancestors left behind, and no one can give it." Helpless, Yuan was forced by threats, so he had to transfer a painting of Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio by a painter in the Qing Dynasty to him and lend him the manuscript of Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio. This loan took Yuan five years, and ten articles were selected from the manuscript and photocopied and published in Shenyang. After repeated urging by Pu Wenshan, the manuscript was returned.

After liberation 1950, Pu Wenshan learned that the Ministry of Culture of the Northeast People's Government was collecting precious cultural relics, so he donated the first half of the manuscript of Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio and 32 volumes of Miscellaneous Stories from a Lonely Studio to the people's government, which were identified as the original works of Pu Songling by the famous connoisseur Mr. Yang and treasured in the Liaoning Provincial Library.

What is "carrying a load with a shave"

The barber industry in Shenyang began in the late Qing Dynasty, when it was called "shaving". Shaving began in the early Qing Dynasty. The rulers of the Qing dynasty replaced the Ming dynasty and ordered a haircut, ending the hairstyle of wearing a crown for thousands of years and changing it into a haircut. Shaving one's head in one fell swoop is part of the feudal autocratic policy of the Qing Dynasty. Shaving one's head and braiding it became braiding again in the Republic of China. Then the European wind struck, so it gradually changed to split baldness. 193 1 After the "September 18th Incident", Japanese buzzwords were all the rage.

In the past, there was a folk allegorical saying in Shenyang, which was called "people who shave their heads and carry loads with them", which was a true portrayal of Shenyang's haircut industry in the old society.

The so-called "the shoulder pole of shaving head is hot" (or weighing head) is because the shoulder pole of shaving head is carried by the shoulder pole. One end is a rectangular stool painted with red paint, and the other end is cold. There are three drawers between the legs of the stool: the top one is for putting money, and the money is stuffed in through the rectangular hole opened on the stool surface. The second and third drawers are used for placing tools such as cloth, knives and scissors respectively. At the other end is a long round cage with a small stove inside, which is the hot end. A brass basin with a large rim is placed on it, and the water always keeps a certain heat. There are three legs at the bottom, one of which extends upward into a flagpole, and a steel (ring) knife cloth and towel are hung on the pole. Shaving one's head and carrying a load is no different not only in Shenyang, but also from Heilongjiang to Sichuan. Nowadays, you can see similar individual barbershops in the streets of Shenyang, but it is hard to see such hairstyles.

Once upon a time, when the barber walked up and down the street, he used a kind of "calling his head". It is two iron bars, one end of which is sintered into a handle, and the other end is slightly opened, with a total length of one foot and two inches. Holding it in the left hand, the right hand picked it up from the gap between two iron bars with a five-inch nail and made a loud noise. This is the cry of shaving your head (that is, the city sound). It was not the industry that shaved their heads in the early Qing dynasty, but the officials who carried out the shaving order. The steel knife cloth on the flagpole turned out to be an imperial edict, which read: "Leave your head hairless, leave your hair headless!" " With the changes of the times, this imperial edict was replaced by steel knife cloth. The shaving industry also has a set of jargon. For example, people who shave their heads are called "take three" and take the whole tone. This jargon is not only in Shenyang, but also in the north and south of the Yangtze River. In addition, the male position is called "looking at the back", the female position is called "mustache" and the haircut is called "hat tassel".

After the Russo-Japanese War, the vast area south of Shenyang became Japan's sphere of influence, and a large number of foreigners, especially Japanese, began to flood into Shenyang, prompting the barber industry in Shenyang to change to the barber industry. After the Revolution of 1911, men generally cut off their braids and shaved their heads instead of haircuts, and their tools also changed, from shaving knives to hand clippers and scissors. At that time, there were barbershops specializing in this industry in the bustling streets of Shenyang, and the business was booming. At that time, there was a barbershop guild organization, and there were many stereotypes inside. For example, it is forbidden to open two barbershops within a certain distance, and Luo Zu, the originator of the hairdressing industry, should be sacrificed. Before liberation, well-equipped barbershops in Shenyang were mostly concentrated in Zhongjie and Taiyuan Street.