What are the skills of defensive driving test and driving test?

Curves can be divided into flat turns and uphill and downhill turns according to road conditions. If a car wants to pass a corner safely and smoothly, it must deal with two problems: first, choose a reasonable driving route to ensure smooth driving; Second, try to choose a larger turning radius, control the driving speed and minimize the centrifugal force.

Turning on a flat road: When a car is driving on a flat road, it will travel faster because of the small road resistance. When the driving speed is fast, turning will produce a large centrifugal force, which will not only affect the stability of the car, but also cause a rollover accident in serious cases. Therefore, the correct operation should be to slow down before entering the curve according to the vehicle speed and the curvature radius of the curve. If the line of sight is not good and the curvature radius of the curve is small, the vehicle should drive outside the lane, that is, when turning right, the vehicle will drive close to the road center line. If the line of sight in the curve is clear and there are no obstacles, take "cutting the curve" to reduce the steering wheel rotation, thus reducing the distance.

Heart.

Downhill turning: the center of gravity of the car moves downhill, the forward inertia increases, the speed is higher, and the centrifugal force increases when turning. At this time, we will slow down in advance. When the radius of curvature of steep slope is small, the speed should be controlled within the speed required by the curve by braking, and it should be slightly loose after entering the curve.

Move the pedal, slide, and turn with a brake.

Turn uphill: uphill resistance is large, the car is slow, and centrifugal force is small. In case of emergency, release the accelerator pedal in time and generally control the speed. However, when going uphill, the driving speed is slow, especially on long steep slopes. You should try to drive on the right to avoid accidents.

Ten skills of driving

In Song Dynasty, Deputy Director of Traffic Management Bureau of Zhejiang Provincial Public Security Department, senior engineer and visiting professor of Zhejiang Police College summed up the "Top Ten Tactics of Driving" for active defense with strong professionalism and practical operation skills, which were widely used. This article extracts some contents and recommends them to drivers and coaches as a concise course. The so-called defensive driving is simply a driving method that imagines all traffic participants as people who may break the law at any time and leaves room for themselves to deal with emergencies during driving.

The ten skills of driving are as follows:

A trip without a follow? Every three must enter.

What if the lines are parallel? Overtaking and outburst prevention

Rain and snow know short? Cross insurance

Is wagging your tail appropriate? Sideslip follower

The warning is hung up? Save peace from danger.

Unaccompanied travel:

Don't form a motorcade for long-distance vehicles, because when the first vehicle encounters a situation, the vehicles behind it will slow down and wait, while starting from the second vehicle, when encountering a situation, they will often pull away from the preceding vehicle and catch up. By analogy, this often leads to the last car always speeding up to catch up with the front team, and its speed must be more than 50% higher than that of the first car in order to keep in formation with the team. As a result, the rear car completely gave up its own safety reserve, and it was always in a state of high tension, and its safety was extremely poor. In police records, this unnecessary formation often leads to serious traffic accidents.

It is suggested not to form a motorcade when the unit is engaged in activities or when relatives and friends travel far away. It can be agreed to rest in a service area or a place, and then drive separately, thus avoiding the disadvantages of team travel, because resting in a designated place can also effectively prevent fatigue driving.

Every three must enter:

When driving a vehicle on the expressway, it is necessary to have a safety design of segmented driving and restricted driving, so that the driver can get a reasonable rest and avoid fatigue driving. This design scheme is to insist on establishing a sense of rest when meeting the service area on the expressway, and passing through the third service area is the bottom line, so we must insist on a short rest, which is the most effective measure to prevent fatigue driving.

If the lines are parallel:

Parallel line is a highly technical driving skill. If you don't master it well, it will often lead to a scratch accident with the car, which will hurt people like scorpions, so it is described as "merging lines like scorpions". Careless drivers will bring trouble to others during the rush hour of urban travel. The basis of mastering parallel technology lies in finding accurate conditions and opportunities and mastering accurate sense of distance. You can see the license plate of the rear car from the mirror, and the distance between the two cars is about 3 meters; You can see the left front wheel of the rear car, and the distance between the two cars is about 5 meters; It can be seen that the rear car occupies half of the reflector, and the distance between the two cars is about 9 meters; It can be seen that the rear car occupies one third of the reflector, and the distance between the two cars is about 12 meters. When the distance relationship is understood, the driver can grasp the progress in parallel and the accident probability will be significantly reduced.

Overtaking and outburst prevention:

"Suddenly" literally means "cave" above and "dog" below. In ancient times, it was a particularly frightening scene when wild boar, bears and other large animals came out of caves, so the word "tu" came into being. Overtaking outburst prevention is mainly to prevent the overtaken from suddenly merging and changing lanes when overtaking. How to accurately judge the dynamics of the vehicle in front is a practical skill in defensive driving. Here is an example: if the driver sees two cars moving back and forth in front of him on the expressway, the speed of the rear car is higher than that of the front car. Since the rear car is still behind, one possible explanation is that the rear car has not got the overtaking opportunity, so now it is an ideal overtaking opportunity. There is a high probability that the target car will overtake the preceding car. If the driver chooses to follow at this time, he is likely to collide with the target car when turning.

Rain and snow know the difference:

Usually, there is a lot of information exchange in road traffic activities, and there is a tacit understanding and subconscious observation. In rainy and snowy weather, pedestrians carry umbrellas, cyclists wear raincoats and drivers use wipers. At this time, it will be very difficult to exchange information accurately and dynamically. The communication between road users is physically cut off by rain gear, which is very dangerous. For example, some cyclists try to observe the dynamics of the vehicles behind them, but their heads turn and the poncho doesn't turn, which blocks the line of sight. Some drivers are confident in their skills, and use their usual speed, direction and braking measures to deal with rain and snow road conditions, which often leads to accidents. Therefore, road users should understand the disadvantages of traveling in rainy and snowy days, observe carefully when driving, walk slowly and unhurriedly, and minimize the risk factor of traveling in rainy and snowy days.

Cross insurance:

Intersection is a very dangerous location, because traffic participants not only have to deal with the oncoming traffic, but also pay attention to the oncoming traffic. So traffic lights will be set at intersections, but this is only a rule. The existence and degree of danger depends on the attitude of all traffic participants who enter the intersection to abide by the rules. Therefore, when crossing the intersection, traffic participants need to have the mentality of walking on thin ice: First, follow the traffic lights; Second, intersections that are not controlled by signal lights must pass according to complex traffic rules; Third, take effective preventive measures against vehicles and personnel who may violate traffic lights. The Book of Changes has a cloud: frost is firm, and ice is firm. This statement is much more profound than "walking on thin ice", which means that when you see frost on the ground, you should immediately think of freezing. When traffic participants pass the intersection, they should hold this mentality and pass carefully.

Tail runout shall be determined:

Note: Tail flick should be definite. Here, determination can be simply explained as calmness. A deeper understanding should refer to the precepts, determination and wisdom of Buddhism, that is, to quit bad methods, find out the cause of the incident, and seize the opportunity to take correct measures. Don't take emergency braking when the vehicle has a tail flick or a flat tire, because this will aggravate the rotating motion of the vehicle, which is equivalent to making the occupants in the vehicle do a rotating motion relative to the vehicle at the original speed of the vehicle. This situation is very dangerous. If you don't wear a seat belt, it will cause serious consequences, that is, human parts hit the vehicle (including the head and neck), and the consequences of rotating collision accidents are usually particularly serious, sometimes throwing people out of the car. The key point of operation is to grasp the steering wheel, try to control the vehicle, keep it stable and get out of danger.

Proper meditation is meditation, which is very spiritual.

Side slip follower:

Note: When sideslip occurs, vehicles often drive on frozen, snowy and muddy roads. Simply put, at this time, the steering function of the front wheel of the vehicle is temporarily lost, and it is useless to turn the steering wheel in the opposite direction. The only thing to do is to get the steering function of the front wheel back. The method is to sideslip the vehicle there and turn the steering wheel there, so that the front wheels can be rolled up and the steering function can be restored. At this time, turn the steering wheel in the opposite direction.

It should be noted here that the angle of turning the steering wheel must be small, otherwise there will be secondary side slip. The first sideslip should be caused by turning the steering wheel too much.

There is a simple way to solve the danger of sideslip-tie a rope to make it slip: when driving on a really icy road in winter, it is usually necessary to install a snow chain, but this thing is not for any vehicle. What if most vehicles can't find the snow chains for a while? Here is a simple way to install snow chains, which is a bit like some special equipment made in TV. The method is to find a thumb-thick rope (the thicker the better), then twist it into a rope 40 ~ 50 cm long, pass through the middle of the tire, and tie it tightly with lead wire to form a circle of snow chains; Generally, vehicles with 5 ~ 8 revolutions are equipped with simple snow chains, and the anti-skid function is stronger than that of metal snow chains.

The advantages are convenient material acquisition, simple manufacture and obvious anti-skid effect.

Warning pending:

Note: Early warning courses are often ignored. When you drive past some accident sites, you will be very worried to find that both sides of the accident are standing on the road, arguing about the reasons and checking the collision. This scene will be destroyed by large trucks in an instant, causing serious secondary accidents. What's the problem? Because of the accident, both sides focus on the accident system in a short time and will ignore their own dangerous places, which can be avoided if they undergo strict defensive driving training. First of all, we must understand the concept of road system. Everything is in the process of rapid driving change, and any pause is a change in traffic conditions. Secondly, in the absence of any warning, the proportion of drivers who can adapt to this environment is only about 70% ―― some vehicles with fast speed, poor braking and slow response become the targets of completing the second collision; Third, we must establish an early warning awareness. There is a huge security threat behind a simple accident. What shall we do? It may be a good idea to leave the scene immediately, but you still have time gaps and there are still threats. One way to cope with all kinds of changes is to take early warning measures first after the accident-first evacuate the crowd (resolve their own crisis), and then make early warning (resolve others' crisis). The remaining problem is how to effectively carry out early warning. Using standard cards is a prescribed action, but the effect is not ideal. Cold light source is the most preventive function, but it seems that it has not been popularized in China at present, but it will certainly be, and the time will not be long.

Save the day:

Explanation: Being prepared for danger in times of peace is the most profound part of defensive driving theory. It is to analyze and explain the problem by restoring the driving behavior before the traffic accident. The core view is that safe driving needs the support of safety reserves. Without safety reserve or even overdraft, there are conditions to induce traffic accidents, which has been verified in the reduction analysis of every traffic accident. The content of safety reserve includes four aspects: 1. speed reserve. According to the laws of our country, the maximum speed on the expressway is 120km/h, provided that the road conditions, meteorological conditions and traffic volume are ideal, and the maximum speed is 120km/h, then some drivers also run out of 150 km/h and/kloc-if they are driving in rainy and snowy days, in busy traffic sections or at night. In this weather, if you run 1 10 km/h or even lower, then you reserve a safe speed; Second, the time reserve generally refers to the expected time when you arrive at your destination, because when the expressway is opened, there are some excessive exaggerations, which are often misleading, such as a four-hour economic circle and a two-hour drive. Defensive driving theory requires that you have time to reserve-the expected time to reach your destination is extended by 65,438+05 minutes. Third, space reserve, which belongs to close combat, is also very simple, that is, when driving a vehicle, the distance from the front vehicle and the vehicles on the side should be sufficient. Fourth, the body reserves, tired to rest in time, there is no lack of sleep affecting the driving of vehicles. With these safety reserves, your vehicle safety index will be very high, otherwise, it will be very dangerous. Therefore, we should advocate that vehicles, school buses and dangerous chemicals transport vehicles engaged in passenger transport must introduce the theory of safe storage to ensure safe storage and avoid accidents. Original source/article /fangyuxingjiashijish.html