Learn 40 photography terms.

hole

The aperture is a hole in the lens, which can control the amount of light passing through the lens. F is used to indicate the aperture size, which controls the amount of light entering the camera (affecting the brightness of the picture) and the aperture controls the depth of field (the degree of background blur).

● The smaller the value behind f, the larger the aperture, the more light entering, the brighter the picture and the more blurred the background.

● The greater the value behind f, the smaller the aperture, the less light entering, the darker the picture, and the weaker and clearer the background blur.

depth of field

When the lens is aimed at the subject, there is a clear range between the subject and the scene before and after it, which we call "depth of field". Because the definition of the picture in the depth of field is different, the depth of field is divided into deep depth of field and shallow depth of field.

Low depth of field and clear background; The scenery is shallow and the background is blurred.

● The larger the aperture, the smaller the depth of field; The smaller the aperture, the greater the depth of field.

● The longer the focal length, the shallower the depth of field; The shorter the focal length, the deeper the depth of field.

noise

Light is received as a received signal, which produces a rough part of the image in the output process. These rough parts are small rough spots called "noise". When the IS0 setting is too high, the photos taken will be noisy.

focal distance

The focal length is a digital sign on the lens of a SLR camera, which is usually expressed in mm. For example, the range of equal focal length (35mm/50mm/18-200mm/50-250mm) determines the camera's framing range, and lenses with different focal lengths can take pictures with different fields of view.

● The smaller the focal length, the shorter the focal length of the SLR camera, the wider the shooting angle and the wider the framing range, and vice versa.

white balance

White balance is an important parameter for camera to control color. The colors of the lamps we use every day are different, and the lighting environment at different times is also different. The white balance setting of the camera is to: ① restore the true color; ② Adjust the warm and cold colors of the picture.

● When you want a warm yellow tone, increase the color temperature k value.

● When you want a bluish cool tone, please lower the color temperature k value.

shutter

Shutter is a device for controlling exposure time in camera. Its main function is to control the amount of light entering and affect the exposure of photos.

● The smaller the shutter value, the faster the shutter speed, the less light entering and the darker the photo.

● The larger the shutter value, the slower the shutter speed, the more light entering and the brighter the photo.

High-speed shutter: for example, the values of11000s and 1/2000s are small; Low-speed shutter: For example, 1s, 1/2s, 1/8s 1/30s have larger values.

speed

Also known as the IS0 value, it measures the sensitivity of the negative to light. Sensitivity controls the brightness of the picture, and sensitivity affects the picture quality.

● The higher the ●ISO sensitivity value, the brighter the picture and the rougher the picture quality.

● The lower the ●ISO sensitivity value, the darker the picture and the clearer the picture quality.

Exposure compensation

This is an exposure control method. If the shot picture is too bright or too dark, you can adjust the exposure compensation to achieve the desired light and dark effect. The exposure compensation unit in the camera is expressed by EV.

● If the ambient light source is dark, you can increase the exposure value (such as+1EV+2EV) to take photos with normal brightness.

● If the ambient light source is bright, the exposure value can be reduced (such as-1EV, -2EV) to prevent overexposure and preserve the details of the picture.

male

Door B is a shutter release mode completely controlled by the photographer, and the shutter time is completely determined by the time when the photographer presses the shutter door, so it is also called "manual shutter". As long as you press the shutter button or press the button with a cable release, the "B" setting on the camera will keep the shutter open, usually with a tripod or shutter button.

Quan Huafu/Half Frame

The main reason is that the size of the photosensitive element is different: the size of the photosensitive element in Quan Huafu is 36*24mm, and that of the half-frame camera is 22.7 * 15.5 mm, and the body size is different: generally speaking, the full-frame camera is larger than the half-frame camera due to the different sizes of the photosensitive element.

Photo format

Jpg is called lossy compression format. Jpg format is a very common image storage compression format. Raw is called lossless compression format because of its small file size and poor image quality. File refers to the original image whose image information obtained by the camera has not been processed and whose picture details are well preserved. Large files and good image quality.

depth of field

When the lens is aimed at the subject, there is a clear distance between the subject and the scene before and after it. This range is called "depth of field". Because the picture definition in the depth of field is different, the depth of field is divided into deep depth of field and shallow depth of field.

Low depth of field and clear background; The scenery is shallow and the background is blurred.

● The larger the aperture, the smaller the depth of field; The smaller the aperture, the greater the depth of field.

● The longer the focal length, the shallower the depth of field; The shorter the focal length, the deeper the depth of field.

Shooting mode

Television. Aperture Priority Mode (A/AV). The aperture needs manual control, and other parameters will be automatically adjusted by the camera. Most subjects can be photographed.

Audio/video. Shutter priority mode (S/TV). The shutter speed can be controlled manually, and the aperture is automatically adjusted by the camera. ISO can be manual or automatic.

AUTO. Auto mode. The exposure parameters are controlled by the camera.

P. program automatic mode (p). "Semiautomatic" mode. Everything can be adjusted except the parameters of aperture and shutter.

M. manual mode (m). Manual control of exposure parameters (aperture, shutter, sensitivity, etc.). ) it is more complicated.

AEL. automatic exposure control lock. According to this function, the parts that need to be exposed correctly when shooting, such as the face, are spot-measured, and the exposure and focus are determined by half pressing the shutter, and the camera will lock the exposure by pressing the lock key.

Lens classification

Standard focal length lens

▼ Features: A lens of about (50mm) is called the standard focal length, which is closest to the visual range seen by human eyes. The visual impact is not strong enough, and the scenery is not as shocking as a wide-angle lens.

▼ Suitable for the scene: taking portraits.

Main lens

▼ Features: The focal length cannot be changed, and there is only one focal length. For example, 50mmf 1.8 (small spittoon) is a fixed-focus lens with 50 focal lengths.

zoom lens

▼ Features: The lens can be rotated to change the focal length, such as 24- 105mm or 18-200mm. The one with two numbers is the zoom lens.

wide-angle lens

▼ Features: Usually we call a lens with a focal length of (17mm to 35mm) a wide-angle lens, which has a large viewing angle and can shoot a larger area. Make the picture more shocking, so it is suitable for shooting scenery. If you take a close-up, the object will be "magnified" and the wide-angle lens will also "distort the perspective" of the picture.

▼ Suitable for scenes: scenery, big photos.

long shot

▼ Features: Above 85mm, it is basically a telephoto lens, and 100mm is a telephoto lens. The telephoto lens allows us to photograph the subject farther away, and at the same time, it is easier to blur the background because of the perspective brought by the long focal length. 70-200mm, 70-300mm100-400mm

▼ Applicable scenario: vision.

Low power photographic lens

▼ Features: The macro lens has a focal length of 60mm, 100mm and 200mm, which is suitable for close shooting.

▼ Suitable for scenes: subtle objects, such as flowers and insects.

light

The Guang Shun light source faces the subject, and the photographer faces away from the light source. The light that shines directly on the object is called astigmatism.

Backlight means that the light from the back of the subject to the camera is called backlight, which is a kind of illumination with artistic charm and strong expressive force.

Side light. The irradiation direction of light forms an angle of about 90 degrees with the shooting direction of the camera. Using sidelight shooting, the subject can have a sharp contrast between light and dark, making the picture very textured.

Top light refers to the light that shines on the subject from the top of the subject, and our camera keeps a vertical angle of about 90. In nature, the most common top light is the midday sun. Usually, when shooting still life and other objects that need to show the details of the top of the subject, the top light is used.

Astigmatism. It's called astigmatism when it rains on cloudy days or when shooting indoors without sunshine. Astigmatism is mild, the level is delicate, and the characters are soft.