The museum in Nanjing (1) is the first among dragons.

Speaking of Big Brother in Nanjing Museum, its predecessor can be traced back to Nanjing Museum in 1933. The National Central Museum founded by Cai Yuanpei and others is the earliest museum established in China and the first large-scale comprehensive museum invested by the state in China. Today, Nanjing Museum covers an area of 6.5438+0.3 million square meters, and its collection ranks among the top three in China. It has six special exhibition halls: History Museum, Special Exhibition Hall, Digital Museum, Art Museum, Intangible Heritage Museum and Republic of China Museum. The quantity and quality of its collections are second to none in Nanjing.

Entering from the main entrance, the first thing you come to is the History Museum. "Jiangsu Ancient Civilization Exhibition" consists of six exhibition halls, which show the development of ancient civilization in Jiangsu in all directions in chronological order. Since ancient times, the huge body of dinosaurs has occupied the center of the exhibition hall, surrounded by bone specimens of various ancient creatures, which attracted children's attention as soon as they came up.

All kinds of primitive tools in the Stone Age showed us the wisdom of ancient ancestors-from the beginning of learning to make a fire and use tools, human beings opened their own era and drew a clear line with other species. Besides primitive stone tools, some well-made jade articles caught my attention. For example, this jade cong is a masterpiece of exquisite jade carving technology of Liangzhu culture in Neolithic age, and it is also the most distinctive symbol of Liangzhu people's primitive religious belief. It is hard to imagine how much effort and difficulty our ancestors put into making such artifacts in such a primitive era.

In the Bronze Age, learning to smelt and cast improved the tools in human hands, and all kinds of utensils gradually broke away from the roughness and simplicity of ancient pottery, with more and more beautiful shapes and more complicated patterns. At the same time, various weapons have also been greatly developed during this period. The war between vassal States is no longer a primitive battle, and sharp metal has become a bloodthirsty demon.

At the end of the exhibition hall here, there is an exquisite bronze ware called bronze staggered gold and silver bird geometric pattern pot. One bird stands on the button of the lid, and three birds stand around and under the lid. The ears are animal faces, and the whole body is inlaid with pines. The birds above reduce the heavy texture of bronze wares and show high artistic value.

Time has come to the Qin and Han Dynasties, and the significance of the Han Dynasty to the Chinese nation is self-evident. In the TV series "Hanwu the Great", the sentence "He built a country with unprecedented dignity, gave a group the confidence to stand for a long time, and his national title became the eternal name of a nation." Let all the people in China get excited. This 400-year-old country has left us countless beautiful cultural relics. Wang Xi in Guangling of Han Dynasty is the only one named Liu Jinyin in Han Dynasty. The seal script of "Guangling Wang Xi" is engraved on the seal surface, and the seal button is a turtle. The owner of the seal is Liu Jing, the ninth son of Liu Xiu, Emperor Guangwu of the Eastern Han Dynasty. This seal is a sister seal with the seal of the king of Dian and the slave Wang Yin, which has extremely high historical and artistic value.

The lamp holder of the silver staggered bronze bull lamp is a bull with its head bowed and its horns tilted. The cow's belly is hollow, and it carries a round lamp plate. One side of the lamp board is provided with a flat handle, which is convenient for turning the lamp board. The lamp board is decorated with two lampshades that can rotate flexibly, and one lampshade is hollowed out with rhombic diagonal pattern for a while, which plays the roles of heat dissipation, wind prevention and light adjustment. This artifact is the top work of the perfect combination of practicality, science and technology and artistry in the bronze lamps of the Han Dynasty.

The funerals of princes and nobles in the Han Dynasty were also extremely luxurious. This silver jade garment is the first jade garment that has been excavated, restored and well preserved in China. 1970 unearthed from wangliu cemetery, a descendant of pengcheng in the eastern Han dynasty in Xuzhou. The length of jade garment is1.70m, and there are more than 2,600 pieces of jade, and the silver thread is about 800g. The "yellow intestine puzzle" model next to the showcase is a coffin room that can only be used at the emperor level. The so-called "yellow sausage" is named after the light yellow wood, because the bark of the wood used has been stripped. The so-called "puzzle" is generally not used because of its layered structure and overlapping foundation; "All the trees are inward", and all the trees are perpendicular to the same side wall, hence the name.

The Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties after the Qin and Han Dynasties were well displayed in the Six Dynasties Museum, so my pace was slightly accelerated, but one exhibit still caught my eye-the celadon animal statue of the Western Jin Dynasty. This object is pear-shaped, with a plastic beast piled up in its abdomen. Its eyes are abrupt, its nose is staring up, and its mouth is full of round beads. Its expression is amazing. The whole body is carved with decorative patterns and has a unique shape, which has the typical characteristics of porcelain in the Western Jin Dynasty. Although it is a funerary object, it actually has a humorous effect from my point of view.

Turning to another exhibition hall, I came to another great dynasty in the history of China-the Tang Dynasty. An unprecedented era of high prosperity makes the cultural relics in the prosperous Tang Dynasty look extraordinarily graceful and gorgeous. Among them, the tri-colored Tang Dynasty plays an irreplaceable role in the manufacturing process of China porcelain. It is a low-temperature glazed pottery, with yellow, green, white, brown, blue, black and other colors, with yellow, green and white as the main colors, so people are used to calling it "three colors of Tang Dynasty". At the beginning of the exhibition hall, there are two colorful camels, which are very exotic, and another colorful fish bottle is also very realistic. The bottle is fish-shaped, the fish mouth is the mouth of the bottle, and the fish ridge is tied with a small mouth. Fish and scales are lifelike, permeated with yellow, green and brown. It can be said to be a rare porcelain treasure.

After the Tang Dynasty, in the Song Dynasty, I stopped for a long time because of the porcelain pillow with white background and the porcelain mirror box with white glaze and black flowers. The boy portrayed on the porcelain pillow is lively and lovely, full of festive atmosphere; The cover of the mirror box is painted with a pool, a lotus pattern and the word "mirror box" in Chinese. The abdomen is painted with grass lines, and the box is disc-shaped. This kind of product marked with the purpose on the vessel is rare.

Time came to the Ming Dynasty before you knew it. Dahongzhi outside the Zhonghua Gate can be said to be a landmark ancient building in Nanjing, and it is also a building with a strong religious atmosphere. It was originally built by Judy, the founder of the Ming Dynasty. Both Nanjing Museum and Nanjing Museum have the original arch of the great Hongji glass tower, and this one in the museum is a set of spare components of the glass tower. The image on the ticket is a unique hair accessory of Tibetan Buddhism tantric school. At the top of the door, the majestic golden-winged Dapeng bird is held high, and the dragon girl, Capricorn fish, lion, sheep, white elephant king and other beasts are symmetrically arranged on both sides. From this arch alone, it is not difficult to imagine how magnificent the glass tower was at that time.

Along the way, it seems that China has experienced five thousand years of vicissitudes. The richness of Nanjing Museum's collection is far beyond my imagination. It's just that the history museum can't be completed in a few hours. Only the pictures above can't appreciate the shock brought by visiting its territory.

Coming out of the History Museum, the Digital Museum has broken through the traditional exhibition mode of "showcase and display board", adopted the staggered and overlapping space construction mode, combined space, decoration and digital content to create a three-dimensional and rich exhibition environment, and explained the development process of Chinese civilization with abstract concepts supplemented by historical facts.

Going further is the biggest feature of Nanjing Museum compared with other museums. The whole exhibition area is a reappearance of the street view of European architecture in the Republic of China, which shows the scene of urban life at that time. The sky, roads, street lamps and ancillary facilities are all available, creating a real historical atmosphere. The overall style is retro and nostalgic. Post offices, railway stations, barbershops, Chinese medicine shops, bookstores, and silver houses on the street can all enter, get close to the real street scenes and real objects of the Republic of China, and appreciate the real urban landscape of the Republic of China.

Coming out of the crowded underground Republic Museum, I could have gone straight to the art museum on the second floor, but it's a little pity that the art museum and the Pok Oi Museum have recently closed for renovation. There is a long corridor next to it leading to the hall of the special exhibition hall, and the view is suddenly broadened. Although it is an ordinary hall, looking up at the top floor, I was still shocked by the architectural style here. The beige brick wall with antique red looks particularly quiet and elegant.

On the first floor of the special exhibition hall, there is a treasure exhibition hall of the town hall. It is said that the most precious treasures of Nanjing Museum will be exhibited here in turn. If you miss one, you will have to wait for the whole cycle to see the real thing. This exhibition is a blue-and-white Shoushan Fuhai porcelain furnace made in Xuande period of Ming Dynasty. Blue-and-white porcelain is generally blue-and-white on a white background, and the blue-and-white Shoushan Fuhai pattern furnace, as an official kiln, does not hesitate to use materials, represented by rare white flowers on a blue background, which is time-consuming and material-consuming. The outer wall of the utensils is covered with stormy waves, and the abdomen is painted with mountains and rivers, which means that the mountains have sea blessings. Shoushan Fuhai is a traditional auspicious pattern in China, and the choppy water pattern is the decorative feature of Yongxuan blue and white flowers, which is an essential weight in court sacrifices in Ming and Qing Dynasties.

Compared with the history museum, the density of special exhibition halls and exhibits is much smaller, but the degree of excitement is not inferior. For example, this statue of the Golden Guanyin Bodhisattva was made by Governor Qianlong. The Buddha's body and rosette are luxuriously decorated with pearls and precious stones, which are elegant and full of royal style. Generally speaking, the pure gold Buddha statues are mostly small, but this Guanyin Bodhisattva is made of pure gold even with a round base, which is rare even in the Qing Palace. During the Qianlong period, with the strong financial resources of the imperial court, the guidance of the Dalai Lama and the meticulous work of craftsmen of all ethnic groups, the level of court sculpture in the Qing Dynasty reached the peak of Tibetan Buddhist art in the18th century.

Another example is this bronze gilded crane music clock. After the mechanical system was started, cranes spread their wings and birds played, expressing the traditional theme of China with western decorative techniques. It is the representative of Guangzhou clocks and watches. Before I came to this exhibition hall, I never thought that clocks could be made so beautifully and exquisitely.

Nanjing Museum has long been famous. I have been here many times, and every time I have made new discoveries, I can find new surprises every time. As one of the three major museums in China today, the collection of Nanjing Museum is beyond imagination. If it's my first time here, it will take a long time even to have a cursory look. If I want to have a closer look, I'm afraid I'll have to come a few more times. To sum up, Nanjing Museum is worthy of the name, and it can also shoulder the heavy responsibility of being the first of all museums in Nanjing, a historic city. If I have to say it is not enough, I think it may be because it was built earlier. Compared with some newly-built museums, the exhibition form is slightly traditional and has more room for development. In a word, this museum is worth visiting by every visitor who loves history.