Structural anatomy of female reproductive organs

The ovary is located in the female pelvic cavity and is a symmetrical oblate reproductive organ. The size and shape of the ovary change with age: in adolescence, the surface is smooth; After puberty, since the menarche test, due to ovarian ovulation, bilateral ovaries alternately discharge a mature egg every month, which has caused uneven scars on the ovarian surface for a long time; The ovary after sexual maturity is the largest, the longest diameter is about 2.5-5.0cm, the width is 1.5-3.0cm and the thickness is 0.6-2cm. After menopause, the size of the ovary is obviously reduced and reduced, which is very small in elderly women. The next three pictures show the anatomical structure of ovary, fallopian tube and their supporting structures.

Ovary is a female gonad organ, whose main function is to produce and expel eggs and secrete sex hormones. Ovary has feedback function, which affects cerebral cortex, hypothalamus and pituitary. At the same time, the ovary is influenced by its own cerebral cortex, hypothalamus and pituitary gland. The adenohypophysis secretes follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone. The main function of follicle stimulating hormone is to promote the development and maturation of follicles, and the main function of luteinizing hormone is to promote ovulation. Hypothalamus secretes release factor, which regulates the secretion of pituitary gonadotropin. Ovary, pituitary gland, hypothalamus and cortex interact in the gonadal axis.

Ovarian diseases vary with age, and ovarian cysts are the main diseases in infancy. Ovarian diseases in infancy are mainly teratoma and yolk sac tumor. Adolescence is mainly simple ovarian cyst, teratoma, germ cell tumor and so on. Youth is mainly ovarian cyst, ovarian cyst, teratoma, endometriosis cyst, cystadenoma and so on. Before and after menopause, most of them are endometriosis cysts, cystadenomas, epithelial tumors and sex cord stromal tumors. Because the ovary has the function of human sex hormone secretion, it should be preserved as much as possible when treating female pelvic tumors, especially premenopausal women.