Looking for the changes since the founding of the motherland

Life has changed in 30 years, and democratic progress has a long way to go. Published on June 24th, 2008 17: 49: 0 1 First of all, it is said that food is the most important thing for people. Thirty years ago, the general price of rice and flour was 0. 17 yuan, but now the price is about 1.30 yuan, which has increased nearly eight times. The price of non-staple food is staggering, and the price of vegetables has risen from an average of 50 cents a catty to an average of 1.50 yuan a catty, up 30 times. Taking pork as an example, the price of meat has risen from 0.82 yuan to the current average price of 12 yuan, which is more than 12 times. The price of beef and mutton is at least 10 times, and the increase of edible oil is about 7 times. Think about it, it's really scary.

Secondly, to put it bluntly. Now a decent suit costs more than one or two hundred yuan. 30 years ago, the problem could be solved within 20 yuan. So the price of clothes is 18 times higher than that of that era.

The following topic is alive. Thirty years ago, people lived in adobe bungalows and burned wood and coal, which caused great pollution to the environment. Now, every family has entered the era of electrification. Everyone likes to use fuel that doesn't pollute the atmosphere.

People's ideas are changing. In the past, adults didn't pay attention to the importance of learning and thought that learning was the same as not learning. Now, every family wants their children to enter the university campus and learn scientific and cultural knowledge, especially farmers, who realize the importance of science and technology.

The next topic is ok. Now some people ride bicycles, some ride motorcycles, some drive private cars, and of course some people like to take taxis. These are not representative, the most representative is to take the bus. Tickets cost 50 cents 30 years ago, but now the ticket 1 yuan has increased 20 times.

After analyzing the basic necessities of life, let's talk about medical care, education, social security and so on. Thirty years ago, we had a relatively complete medical security system. Workers are reimbursed by the unit for medical treatment without spending money. Farmers have cooperative medical care and serious illness co-ordination. Medical care is basically free. Then, let's assume that a person has no unit and spends money on medical treatment. How much does it cost to go to the hospital once? 30 years ago, the common cold was solved one by one, even the maximum amount of drops was more than 10. Now? Not to mention going to 30 yuan for 20 minutes. If infusion, 100 yuan is not enough. If you are seriously ill, it will be even more troublesome. Medical expenses have increased 80 times!

Now, our income has also changed a lot: in the past month, dozens of dollars can support more than a dozen people in the whole family. What about now? It has risen to several hundred yuan or even several thousand yuan, and wages have risen ten to dozens of times.

The problem of education is bigger. Nine-year compulsory education is real. When our parents went to school, the tuition and fees for the whole year were around 5 yuan. Your boy can go to college, and you don't have to pay 1 cent. The money for eating is managed by the state, so you can't afford to read. A few years ago, primary schools were several hundred yuan a year, middle schools were several thousand yuan a year, and universities were several tens of thousands of yuan a year. Too many people look down on books! ! The cost of education has increased almost 300 times. Today, our country implements nine-year compulsory education, and the tuition fees for primary and junior high schools are free, but we have not caught up! It's really a pity.

A few years ago, some people in the northeast ate their own well water and planted Kaschin-Beck disease. Now people eat tap water and mineral water. Even the tap water has been treated.

In short, the reform and opening up has brought great changes to our motherland, our hometown and our life!

Ten achievements of reform and opening up

(1) Establish a perfect material production system.

After 30 years of reform and opening up, China has ensured peace and stability, established a complete material production system, and made remarkable achievements in economic construction. China has changed from a primary industrial economy to a high-level industrial economy, and the output of many industrial products, including steel and household appliances, ranks first in the world. At the same time, China's economic scale and economic aggregate are also expanding.

(2) the international status has been continuously improved.

In the past 30 years since China's reform and opening up, China's international status has been continuously improved. The rapid economic growth has made China's position in the world economy rise continuously.

(3) Fully integrate into the world economic system.

Marked by China's entry into WTO, China's economy has completed the process of marketization and internationalization, and merged into the world economic system and the tide of economic globalization.

(4) Overall social and economic progress.

(5) Economic growth is more stable.

China's reform and opening up has released enormous productive forces, and China's economic growth has always been higher than that of the world, thanks to the government's leadership, strong investment and growing industrial economy.

(6) The level of economic development has been continuously improved.

With the deepening of China's reform and opening up, the level of economic development has been greatly improved. 1978, China's per capita GDP was 38 1 yuan, which was about 149 dollars according to the exchange rate of 1980 dollars to 1.53 yuan RMB. In 2007, China's per capita GDP rose to $2,640, an increase of 17 times compared with that before the reform and opening up.

(7) People's living standards have improved significantly.

(8) Great progress has been made in education development.

Educational development is an important indicator to measure a country's development level and development potential. In the past 30 years of reform and opening up, China's education development has made great progress. 1978, the number of college graduates in China was only165,000, accounting for 0.0 17 1% of the total population of 962.59 million at that time. In 2006, the number of college graduates in China reached 3.775 million, accounting for 0.287 1% of China's total population14480, which increased by 16.7 times in 30 years.

(9) People's life expectancy has increased significantly.

Life expectancy is a comprehensive index to measure a country's social and economic development. The improvement of life expectancy not only means the improvement of economic development level, but also means the improvement of social security ability. According to the census data of China, the average life expectancy in China in 1982 was 67.77 years, and in 2000, the average life expectancy in China rose to 7 1.40 years, an increase of 3.63 years.

(10) People's lives are more colorful.

The material life and cultural life of the people of China have entered an era of synchronization with the world.

Reasons for the achievements of reform and opening up

The fundamental reason why we have made all the achievements and progress since the reform and opening up can be summarized as follows: we have opened up the road of Socialism with Chinese characteristics and formed the system of Socialism with Chinese characteristics Theory.

Over the past 30 years of reform and opening up, our Party has deepened its understanding of the laws of governance, socialist construction and the development of human society in the practice of building Socialism with Chinese characteristics. From "development is the last word" to "development is the first priority", and then to Scientific Outlook on Development, the ruling concept has been enriched and developed, Socialism with Chinese characteristics has made great achievements, social productive forces have developed unprecedentedly, people's material life has been greatly enriched, and their ability to overcome natural disasters has become stronger and stronger.

China has made great achievements in the past 30 years of reform and opening up. The basic experience is that China has followed the "four-color theorem" of economic growth. The development history of China and the world fully proves that the "four-color theorem" of economic growth-peace and stability, open structure, human capital and structural growth are the necessary and sufficient conditions for economic growth, and also the basic experience of China's reform and opening up. Follow the "four-color theorem", the economy will develop and the society will progress.

Experience and lessons of 30 years of reform and opening up

More than 70 years ago, American President Roosevelt said, "In our country, the only things that are really valuable are natural resources and people." It is also appropriate to use this sentence to understand China today. In the past 30 years of reform and development, if there is one thing that we have really failed to do well, it is that we have asked too much for natural resources, the environment and the rights and welfare of working people, and given too little. Specifically, first of all, the environmental cost is too high and the resources are excessively consumed. There is no such thing as a free lunch, and economic development comes at a price. China's sustained and rapid economic growth has made great contributions to the world economy, but at the cost of serious damage to China's resources and environment.

Secondly, the gap between the rich and the poor has widened and the rights and interests of workers have been damaged. According to the results of three large-scale income distribution surveys conducted by the income distribution research group led by Zhao He, Institute of Economics, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, from 18 to 2002, the Gini coefficient gap between rural and urban areas was widening. Relevant statistics also show that in the past 30 years, the average annual output value of domestic and foreign-funded enterprises has increased by more than 10%, while the annual wage growth rate of workers except monopoly state-owned enterprises is only 1%-3%. All these situations show that the income level of workers has not increased year-on-year with the growth of GDP.

Third, the social and moral environment is worrying. In recent years, it is estimated that the increased transaction cost due to the lack of credit accounts for more than 10% of GDP in that year. Economic and social development will certainly promote democratic reform. Recently, we have seen the pilot of democratic reform in Shenzhen in full swing. Shenzhen is reforming democratic politics, which will certainly promote the reform of the whole country and the people's life will surely flourish. Only political reform should be from top to bottom, not from bottom to top. Can local reform change the central deployment?

According to the outline of Shenzhen's recent reform published by the Shenzhen Municipal Government on the Internet, some residents in the future will be directly elected when changing constituencies or by-elections, and if the time is ripe, the mayor can be directly elected. So it attracted favorable comments from some media, saying that the opinion draft mentioned democracy and elections many times, which is worth looking forward to.

I don't think it is worth looking forward to. Some district people's congress deputies were directly elected in cross-border elections. What part of the district are some districts? They may be people who don't matter. Representatives may be born vigorously, but the right to recall is not in the hands of voters. These representatives are likely to be forced by the situation to sit on the side of those who have immunity. Voters are busy, but they will get rid of others. The direct election of the mayor sounds beautiful, and in the end, it will have to be decided by the Standing Committee. This is not a direct election. Differential election has a history of several hundred years abroad, and it has been implemented in many places in Chinese mainland, but the effect can be said to be obvious and nothing new.

Democracy and elections are exotic. Our tradition in China for thousands of years is the appointment of superiors, which has a prominent feature of calmness. Whoever has the most say is the emperor, so the emperor has the most say. When the master gives the order, there is a wise voice below, which is very harmonious. Democracy and elections are also characterized by excitement, different voices and disharmony. If the elections in Shenzhen in the future are very lively and the enthusiasm of voters is high, it will be very similar to democracy and elections abroad. If the dawn here is quiet, it will be similar to our tradition. Let's wait and see.

Besides, democracy and elections abroad are a complete system. This is a chaotic and orderly process, with separation of powers and independent media supervision. Today, there are no such projects in China. If you really want to practice, there are only six words to describe it, chaos, black and violence. Villagers' autonomy has been practiced in China for decades, and this is the effect. It can be said that gambling has become the norm, and it is very dark and chaotic. The democratic process in Taiwan Province Province has gone very thoroughly, and all the supporting measures of democratic politics have been put in place in one step. It has also experienced political chaos for a long time, and democratic politics has almost been destroyed. In our present situation, it is best not to talk about democracy and elections, and waste energy and money.

So today's China needs the current official selection system, which is a low-cost system. Although there are many shortcomings, the lesser of the two evils, in the absence of the determination to implement democracy and run for office, it is better to stick to the original. If the so-called election is forcibly promoted, it will be a loss-making business that wastes people and money and fails to achieve the expected results. Why bother? But it is better to change than not to change! Is it too hasty to hope for success?

1959 "anti-rightist" struggle

1964 China's first atomic bomb exploded successfully.

The Cultural Revolution began at 1966.

197 1 year, the counter-revolutionary group in Lin Biao was smashed.

The United Nations has restored our rightful seat.

1972 Sino-US and Sino-Japanese relations began to normalize.

1976 the 4th Five-Year Movement

Jiang Qing's counter-revolutionary clique was shattered and the "Cultural Revolution" ended.

At the end of 1978, the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee was held.

1982 the 12th national congress of China * * * production party was held.

1987 the 13th national congress of China producers' party was held.

1992 the 14th national congress of China * * * production party was held.

1 July 19971day, Hong Kong returned to China and the People's Republic of China (PRC) Special Administrative Region was formally established.

In September, the 15th National Congress of China * * * Production Party was held.

199965438+On February 20th, Macao returned to China and the People's Republic of China (PRC) Special Administrative Region was formally established.

200 1 Beijing's successful Olympic bid.

200 1 China formally joined the World Trade Organization, which accelerated China's opening to the outside world, improved the socialist market economy and made it international.

In 2003, China's first manned space flight, Shenzhou 5's manned spacecraft landed safely, and China's first manned space flight was a complete success. In 2005, the Shenzhou VI manned spacecraft was launched at 10.

Railway entry into Tibet: Tibet's railway construction has been fully launched, realizing a small section of the roof of the world and a big step in Tibet's history.

At the 28th Olympic Games in 2004, China athletes achieved excellent results.

We have solved the problem of food and clothing for the population of 654.38+0.3 billion, and basically reached a well-off level.

China's GDP: 13, crossing the step of 10 trillion, and its comprehensive national strength has been further enhanced.

2008: Successfully hosting the Olympic Games

Even in the era of single color, people's love for beauty will still be revealed. A photographer called this revelation "unstoppable spring". This natural pursuit of beauty is a deep mark left by an era in people's hearts.

(3) Since the reform and opening up-colorful and fashionable personality.

Since the reform and opening up, the colors and styles of clothing have become more diversified, and the fabrics and textures have also undergone great changes.

1980 is the third year of China's reform and opening up. With the development of the times, people wear more and more clothes, and the color has changed from a single blue-gray to colorful. The domestic feature film "The True Face of Lushan Mountain" released at that time became a favorite movie of young people. The long-lost love story, coupled with the novel and fashionable modeling of the heroine in the film, is refreshing. How many sets of clothes she changed in the film became a hot topic for young people to discuss at that time. During this period, wearing sunglasses, long hair, bell bottoms and bat shirts became fashionable. Many people are not used to it, but young people have found their own personality and self-awareness.

The first fashion model team in Chinese mainland was established in 198 1. Although enrollment was only in the name of "Fashion Advertising Art Performance Class" at that time, to the surprise of the organizers, the number of applicants was four times as expected. Three years later, the performance team visited Europe, causing a sensation. Western public opinion exclaimed: "Children in Mao Zedong are wearing fashion!" The fashion whirlwind from China has brought a new image of openness to the world.

During the period of 1984, when the girls of China women's volleyball team achieved "three consecutive championships" at the Los Angeles Olympic Games, sportswear became popular in Beijing. Colorful sportswear has become the first choice for beauty lovers. People wear sportswear almost anytime and anywhere, and even become school uniforms for students and factory uniforms for workers.

In the 1990s, people's lives were in transition to a well-off society, and their thoughts were more open. People's clothes are changing rapidly, and their clothes are also personalized and changeable. It is difficult to sum up the fashion trend with one style or color. Emphasizing individuality and not chasing fashion has become a fashion in itself.

From the change of clothing, we can see the progress of the times and the change of people's inner thoughts. The change of clothing is based on the development of economy, and it also reflects that people's ideas change with the changes of the times, from "conformity" psychology to "pursuit of individuality" The change of clothing is a manifestation of the improvement of people's quality of life.

2. More and more rich diet

There is a saying that "food is the most important thing for the people". It can be said that people regard "food" as the minimum standard of life, and at the same time regard "food" as the highest pursuit and enjoyment of life. From the change of "food", we can reflect the rise and fall of a society's rich and poor and appreciate the changes of social history.

(1) Newly founded-living in poverty, eating too little or eating too little.

(2) There was a great improvement before the reform and opening up, but the lack of food was monotonous, tickets were prevalent, people were malnourished, and some rural areas did not solve the basic problem of food and clothing.

Food stamps are the product of planned economy. In the early 1950s, China was short of food. In June1953+1October 65438, the Central Government Council issued an order: the whole country implemented planned grain supply and adopted the method of quantitative grain sales with vouchers, and food stamps appeared. Since August 1960 in Beijing, the catering industry in the city has been eating by ticket, and the supply of edible oil, eggs, meat, bean products and vegetables has also been restricted. There are many kinds of bills in this period. In addition to grain and oil cloth tickets, there are additional subsidized bean tickets, cake tickets, oil tickets for senior mental workers and holiday tickets. In some places, tickets for briquettes, popsicles, tobacco, alcohol and sugar, and tofu were also issued. The era when tickets are popular is also an era of material shortage. Only on holidays can people buy some cakes, sweets and dried fruits with tickets, which are very small.

Question: Why do people use tickets with 1 12 pages?

A: Because of the low level of productivity and the tight supply of materials, people need to use tickets to limit their purchasing power.

During the three-year natural disaster, food and vegetables were in short supply, and people often used carrots to satisfy their hunger when they were not full. Due to the lack of the most basic nutrition, people are a little bloated.

(3) Since the reform and opening up-not only have enough to eat, but also eat well, with balanced nutrition and matching thickness, green food has been deeply rooted in people's hearts.

Since the 1990s, the supply and demand of grain have gone to the market, and the disappearance of food stamps has become a historical necessity. 1In May 1993, Beijing finally stopped using food stamps, and food stamps completely withdrew from the historical stage. Some cloth tickets, oil tickets, meat tickets and tofu tickets symbolizing the shortage economy have also withdrawn from people's daily lives. Now the symbols of these times have become treasures in the hands of collectors.

Today, our material life has been greatly enriched, with food markets, supermarkets, hypermarkets and all kinds of food. People's requirements for food are getting higher and higher. They should not only "eat well" but also eat healthily. The concept of scientific hygiene is deeply rooted in people's hearts. People pay attention to balanced nutrition, matching thickness and light taste. They should eat more fruits and vegetables and less foods high in fat and cholesterol. Wild vegetables and coarse grains used to satisfy hunger because of insufficient food have now become healthy food on the table.

Thinking: Why are wild vegetables and coarse grains once used to satisfy hunger because of insufficient food now delicious on the table?

Answer: Because people were short of food in the past, there were only wild vegetables and coarse grains, and people could not solve the problem of food and clothing. Now that the food supply is sufficient, people should not only eat enough, but also eat well. People pay attention to balanced nutrition, matching thickness and choosing green food.

The improvement of people's living standards reflects the further development of social productive forces and the prosperity of socialist market economy since the reform and opening up.

3. The new look of residential buildings

(1) People's Republic of China (PRC) has just been established-the living conditions are terrible.

Most houses of urban residents are small in size and poor in facilities. For example, the courtyard in the north and the pavilion in the south are very crowded and messy, and the house is too small, which gives people a sense of oppression. In rural areas, most of the inland areas in the north are adobe houses and caves, and most of them are thatched houses in the south. These houses are in disrepair. People and animals sometimes live in the same room with poor sanitary conditions.

(2) Before the reform and opening up-continuous improvement, but living conditions are still poor.

Flat houses with uniform and monotonous style replaced the dilapidated houses in the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China. Pieces of fish-scale tiles have replaced the dilapidated roof, and the walls are no longer Shi Zhuan, but flat and white walls made of lime. But there is almost no decoration in the house, only basic furniture such as beds, tables and chairs. It looks simple and neat, full of harmony and tranquility.

(3) Since the reform and opening up, the living area has been expanded and the living conditions have been significantly improved.

Old-fashioned ordinary houses can no longer meet people's living needs, so new residential areas have sprung up, and buildings are row upon row, just like a new city.

Starting from 1998, Beijing began to build affordable housing, providing affordable choices for residents who are rebuilding and low-income families in Beijing. Through affordable housing, people understand what is called "breaking the old and establishing the new". A large number of residents walked out of the old houses without kitchens, toilets and sewers and moved into new buildings with guaranteed housing quality, beautiful living environment and convenient shopping and transportation.

Today, people have more choices to live in, including high-rise residential areas, duplex buildings, garden club, and even characteristic villas of single-family houses. When we climb tall buildings and overlook the colorful scenery of the city, we can also appreciate the lofty sentiments of the ancients, "Reach the peak, the other mountains all appear dwarfs under the sky.." . With the improvement of people's living standards, decoration has also become a hot spot. Various styles of decoration have enriched our lives and also reflected the improvement of people's quality of life.

4. Transportation extending in all directions

(1) People's Republic of China (PRC) has just been established-the traffic is inconvenient.

In big cities (such as Beijing and Shanghai), trams and cars are more common, while rickshaws and bicycles are more common means of transportation. Bicycles and rickshaws are not rare in ordinary small and medium-sized cities. In rural areas, there are wagons and rickshaws in the north and boats and ox carts in the south. Walking is the most common way to travel.

(2) Before the reform and opening up-improved, but mainly bicycles.

During the first five-year plan period, baoji-chengdu railway and yingtan-Xiamen railways will be built; The new Tibet, Qinghai-Tibet and Sichuan-Tibet highways have been built to the "roof of the world", which has closely linked the mainland of the motherland with the frontier and facilitated economic and cultural exchanges; 1957, Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge was completed, connecting the traffic between the north and south of the Yangtze River. The overall transportation level of the country has improved.

Before the reform and opening up, the city's traffic resources were extremely limited. Besides walking on two legs, people can use buses and bicycles instead of walking. However, there are few bus lines and cars are often crowded. By contrast, the most convenient means of transportation is of course a bicycle. China was once called "the kingdom of bicycles", which shows people's dependence on bicycles. However, the road construction at that time was also very backward, which brought a lot of inconvenience to people's daily life.

(3) Since the reform and opening up, the traffic conditions have improved obviously, and railways, highways and aviation have grown rapidly.

In China in the late 1980s, traveling was not a pleasant thing for many people. It is difficult to buy tickets, take buses and transport. Due to the lack of railway transportation capacity, the railway passenger traffic at that time was overloaded by 50% every day, exceeding 1 000% at peak hours, and 800,000 people stood by the train every day. However, the annual backlog of materials in China is as high as 65.438+0.5 billion tons, and the transportation gap between north and south is 60 million tons.

During the Republic of China, the main artery connecting north and south was Han Jing Railway, but the progress of the times made it unable to meet the needs of the people. 1992, the central government made a decisive decision: the Beijing-Kowloon Railway was opened in three years, and the concept of the Beijing-Kowloon Railway was updated. The southern end of the railway extends from Jiujiang, Jiangxi to Kowloon, Hong Kong. On May 2nd, 1993, the railway trunk line with the largest scale, the largest investment and the longest mileage was started. 1995165438+1October16th morning, the entire Beijing-Kowloon Railway was paved. 1 September 19961,4 months ahead of schedule, Beijing-Kowloon Railway was put into operation. This steel artery spans nine provinces and cities, alleviating the contradiction between north and south transportation and solving the bottleneck problem of railway transportation; It connects Hong Kong and Beijing, which are about to return to the motherland, and maintains the prosperity and stability of Hong Kong and Macao. It has passed through many old revolutionary areas and brought hope to the people in the old areas to get rid of poverty and become rich.

Expressway is the main symbol of a country's traffic modernization. The ownership of expressways has also become an index to measure the degree of economic development. From 1984 to 65438+February, Hu Jia Expressway started construction in Shanghai, and was completed and opened to traffic on 1988, 10 and 3 1. This is the first expressway in China, which opens a new page in the history of highway construction in China. In addition to inter-provincial expressways, many provinces and regions in China have built short-and medium-range expressways in this region, forming a nationwide expressway network. At the same time, it should be pointed out that convenient transportation has also brought environmental problems in urban development, which need to be solved urgently. Interested students should write an article "I see urban traffic". Remind to enhance environmental awareness and understand the importance of building and developing an eco-city.

Now we can see that the road to a modern metropolis is full of vitality, crowds surging and traffic shuttling. These means of transportation are also varied, with more bus lines and better facilities (not only ordinary buses, but also more advanced luxury buses and double-decker buses with air conditioners and mobile TVs installed inside); Even taxis beckon, private cars are not uncommon, and new means of transportation such as subway and light rail appear. In the busy work, people find that the round-trip distance has been shortened and the roads have become smoother and smoother ... People's concept of transportation has also changed greatly, holiday travel has increased, domestic and overseas travel has begun to change from sightseeing to leisure vacation, and outbound travel has become more and more popular and has more and more choices. Moreover, a cursory tour has become increasingly unable to meet the needs of tourists, personalized tourism has quietly warmed up, and people have relaxed their mood and started to really enjoy tourism.