Composition of shooting scale

Originally a term of "plastic arts", it is often used by film and television textbook producers. Here refers to the photography (image) composition of film and television teaching materials. Photography (image) composition runs through the whole conception and reproduction process of film and television teaching material creation. In order to express the main idea and aesthetic feeling of the works, the directors and photographers of film and television teaching materials arrange and handle the relationship and position of characters in a certain space, and form individual or partial images into an artistic whole. Composition requires the overall concept, highlighting the main body, concise picture, vivid image, and the combination of tone and theme.

1. Photographic composition

Broadly speaking, photography (image) composition runs through the whole process of photography (image) creation and reproduction. In a narrow sense, it refers to the layout and structure of photographic (image) pictures. On the basis of real life, through more expressive and artistic means of expression than real life, objective things are arranged organically in the picture, so that ideas can be fully expressed.

2. Action synthesis

The main manifestations of the conception of film and television pictures. It consists of two factors: one is the movement of the subject, the other is the movement of the camera, and sometimes both of them form a comprehensive movement at the same time. The sports meeting will make the composition constantly change, and the photographer should organize the picture according to the changing characteristics. In the picture with and without characters, the motion composition principle of the camera is obviously different. For the picture without characters, when introducing the environment, we should find out the main object (or the object that can express the environmental characteristics) as the basis of composition, whether it is framing or the left picture. When an object needs to be highlighted, it should be the center of the composition structure; For a picture with characters, the composition of the picture should be dominated by characters. The movement of the lens is often accompanied by the performance of the characters, complicated scene scheduling, or following the actions of the characters, or shifting the focus of the drama. According to the plot content or scenery characteristics, we should grasp the main factors to change the composition. In action composition, we should always pay attention to the changes of direction, speed and rhythm.

3. Static composition

That is, shooting a static object at a fixed position, and the composition combination is basically unchanged. Static composition is mostly in the form of single composition, but when the picture has multiple meanings and information due to the change of light and color, it can also form a multi-composition picture. In satellite TV textbooks, the pictures of teachers' lectures are mostly static compositions.

4. Dynamic composition

That is, the subject or camera is moving, which makes the composition of the picture change continuously or intermittently. Dynamic composition is a unique composition form of film and television pictures. Usually in the form of multi-composition, sometimes in the form of single composition. For example, the camera is accompanied by moving objects in the space without background changes and landscape changes, which is the form of single composition.

In dynamic composition processing, we should pay attention to the relationship between rhythm and dynamic modeling factors in the upper and lower shots.

Another meaning of dynamic composition is that when film and television are compared with painting and photography, it generally refers to film and television picture composition.

5. Landscape composition

There are no landscape pictures of characters in the film and television teaching materials. Therefore, it is called "empty lens". It follows the general principle of composition, and chooses suitable lighting and weather conditions to shoot, thus creating the picture effect required by the content of film and television teaching materials. It is often used to describe the environment, show the passage of time, the change of seasons, the mood of characters, create a specific atmosphere and hints, metaphors and so on. , play a role in setting off the content of the plot. Landscape composition is scattered in various paragraphs of film and television teaching materials, which is intrinsically related to the specific plot content. When dealing with it, we should pay attention to the penetration of the plot content of the upper and lower shots and the relationship between various factors. In film and television photography (image), photographers should pay special attention to using various modeling methods to render the atmosphere and emotion of landscape composition.

6. Pluralistic composition

The composition form with continuous or intermittent picture structure is one of the important characteristics that distinguish film and television from static plastic arts such as painting and photography. Due to the movement of the camera and the subject, the composition structure of film and television pictures can be constantly changed, resulting in a variety of composition forms. The scheduling of film and television scenes is complex and changeable, and the changes of light, shadow, focus and foreground background can form a multi-composition picture. The proportion of such composition in modern film and television is increasing day by day. Without external assembly, a lens can explain all kinds of meanings and convey all kinds of information in the form of internal montage modeling, so multi-composition strengthens the expressive force of photography art.

7. Single component

A shot has only one composition combination. Single composition was widely used in silent film period. With the development of film, especially TV art, the arrangement of film and television scenes is becoming more and more complicated, sports photography is widely used, and the proportion of single composition in a film and television is getting smaller and smaller. However, in terms of content, directors and photographers still use a single picture composition in some films, especially in some film and television teaching materials, in order to express a certain mood and atmosphere and pursue a certain style. Single composition is mostly static composition, but sometimes the lens will move with the ongoing action, and dynamic composition forms will also appear.

8. Matching composition

Use visual laws to create visual coherence and maintain the composition of interest points on the screen. Students always look for interesting points from the pictures and focus their attention on this point when watching film and television textbooks. Points of interest that can attract students' attention are generally objects focused by optical lens, moving objects, objects with converging lines, bright objects in dark-tone pictures or dark objects in bright-tone pictures, and prominent objects in color contrast. Photographers should consider the rules of students' visual attention activities and pay attention to the treatment of interest points when dealing with a series of lens composition. In order to achieve visual coherence, the position of points of interest on continuous pictures should not jump too much.

9. Lens composition

In other words, film and television directors and photographers arrange and deal with the relationship and position of characters on the lens screen to express the theme and aesthetic effect of film and television teaching materials, and form individual or partial images into an artistic whole. Composition needs a comprehensive concept.