It better be the best in the world.

In 2300 years ago (3rd century BC), Phoenician traveler Antioch Parker wrote a list of seven wonders:

(1) Pyramid of Giza, Egypt

(2) The statue of Zeus in Olympia

(3) the temple of themis.

(4) Mosora's Mausoleum

(5) Alexander Lighthouse

(6) Hanging Gardens

(7) The giant statue of Rodport.

According to the traveler, the seven wonders are what he "saw with his own eyes and will never be erased". This is the origin of the so-called "seven wonders" at the beginning of the century.

Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, translated as "Seven Wonders of the Ancient World", refers to the seven magnificent man-made landscapes in the ancient western world (Nile Valley, Two Rivers Valley and Hellenistic Aegean Sea). These buildings and statues, with their grand scale, artistic beauty or unique construction methods, represent the achievements of ancient western civilization and make the world marvel and marvel.

At that time, the West (represented by ancient Greece) knew almost nothing about China, and even less about India. Otherwise, at least some huge projects in the Qin and Han Dynasties, such as the Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor and Epang Palace (it is said that they were burnt down before they were completely completed), can they also be included as "the Eight Wonders of Ancient Times"? No wonder international friends marveled when visiting the site of Qin Shihuang's mausoleum that "Terracotta Warriors and Horses are the eighth wonder of ancient civilization"!

Edit this paragraph 1. Pyramids of Giza

The Great Pyramid along the Nile was built by the ancient Egyptian king himself. It is said that there are nearly 100 pyramids in Egypt, most of which were built in the third to sixth dynasties of Egypt. Some pyramids with a history of more than 4,000 years are mainly distributed in the capital and the west bank of the Nile. The pyramids of Giza belong to King Kabra on the left and King Kuff on the right, and there is a sphinx nearby. The main building material is limestone, and part of it is huagangyan. The three largest and best-preserved pyramids were built by three emperors of the Fourth Dynasty, Khufu, Cabra and Menkoala, from 2600 BC to 2500 BC. Pyramid of khufu 146.6m high and 230.35m long at the bottom. The height of the Hafra Pyramid is 143.5m and 215.25m; Grow at the bottom. The Menkoala Pyramid is 66.4m high and the bottom is108.04m long.

Among the three great pyramids, the largest is pyramid of khufu, which is an almost solid boulder, consisting of more than 2 million boulders. Crowds of people dragged these big stones to the slope of the ground, and then piled them around the pyramid by scaffolding. Next to the pyramids, there are some small pyramids and rectangular desktop graves of royalty and nobility.

At first, the polished gray limestone blocks on the outside of the pyramid almost disappeared. What we are seeing now is the light yellow limestone below, revealing its internal structure. There is a tomb in the center of the pyramid, which can be entered through the tunnel. On the top of the tomb, several large stones weighing dozens of tons are stacked on top of each other.

The completed pyramid was used as a tomb. Ancient Egyptians believed in immortality after death. At first, the tombs in the pyramids were filled with gold and various valuables.

Construction time: about 2700-2500 BC

Construction site: Giza and other places near Cairo, Egypt.

According to legend, before the third dynasty in ancient Egypt, both princes and ministers and ordinary people were buried in a rectangular tomb made of mud bricks, which the ancient Egyptians called "Mastaba". Later, a clever young man, Imhotep, invented a new architectural method when designing a mausoleum for the Egyptian Pharaoh Zuosai. He replaced mud bricks with square stones picked from the ground, constantly revised the design scheme of building a mausoleum, and finally built a six-story trapezoidal pyramid-this is the prototype of the pyramid we see now. In ancient Egypt, pyramids were called hierarchical pyramids because they were trapezoidal and layered. This is a tall pyramid building with a square base and a triangle on each side, which looks like the Chinese character "gold", so people in China write it as "pyramid". The tower mausoleum designed by Imhotep is the first stone mausoleum in Egyptian history.

There are 80 pyramids in Egypt, the largest of which is the Pyramid of Giza, which was built around 2600 BC and all of them were artificially built. How did the ancient Egyptians carve stones and build tombs? The layout of the passages and rooms inside the mausoleum is like a maze. How did the ancient Egyptians build it? Up to now, there are still different opinions and no clear research.

Edit paragraph 2. Statue of Zeus

Zeus is the god of Greek gods, and this statue is the largest indoor statue in the world. The Temple of Zeus is the birthplace of the Olympic Games, and some Olympic events are held here.

Construction Time: About In 457 Bc.

Construction site: the ancient city of Olympia on the west coast of Greece.

The construction of the temple began in 470 BC and was finally completed in the first 456 years. It was designed by architect Lieben, and the statue of Zeus was carved by sculptor Pheidias.

The Temple of Zeus was built of limestone with plaster on its surface, and the roof of the Temple was built of marble, supported by 34 Corinthian columns, with a height of17m. The area of the temple is 465,438+0.65,438+0 meters by 65,438+007.75 meters. The Temple of Zeus is a Dullis-style building, with the whole statue and his robes. He wore a ring woven with olives, a goddess of victory made of ivory and gold in his right hand, and a scepter inlaid with glittering metal in his left hand, on which an eagle stayed. Except for the throne, the statue alone was equivalent to a four-story modern building, so that Zeus' head sitting on the throne was almost attached to the top of the temple. In 5 AD, the temple in Olympia was destroyed by fire. Although the statue of Zeus survived because it was transported to Constantinople, it was doomed in the end and was destroyed by fire in 462 AD.

Edit paragraph 3. The giant of Rhode Island

The colossus of Rhodes in Greece is the most mysterious of the seven wonders. This colossus was built at the entrance of Rhodes Harbor. It is a bronze statue of Helius, the Greek sun god, about 33 meters high. Because it was destroyed by an earthquake in 226 BC in just 56 years, archaeologists could not even determine its exact location and appearance.

Construction time: completed in 282 BC.

Construction site: Aegean Sea in Rhodes Port, Greece

The colossus of Rhodes is located in the port of Rhodes, Greece, which leads to the Mediterranean Sea. Rhode Island in BC is an important commercial center, located at the junction of Aegean Sea and Mediterranean Sea. Port Rhodes was built in 408 BC. Historically, Rhode Island was ruled by many spheres of influence, including Mausolaris (whose tomb is also one of the Seven Wonders) and Alexander the Great. But after the death of Alexander the Great, the whole island was plunged into a long war. Macedonian aggressor Dmitry led 40,000 troops (more than the population of the whole island) to surround the port. After a hard war, Rhode Island defeated the invaders. To celebrate this victory, they decided to build a statue with bronze weapons abandoned by the enemy. This statue was built for 12 years, and it is about 33 meters high, which is similar to the height of the Statue of Liberty in New York. The statue is hollow and reinforced with complex stones and iron columns. But this great statue was destroyed by a strong earthquake just over 50 years after it was built. Legend has it that the statue stood in the harbor with its legs apart and boarded the ship only through the middle of its legs, which was very spectacular and interesting. This colossus is actually the Greek sun god and their patron saint Helius. It was designed by architect Charles. After 12 years of construction, the Colossus of Rhode Island was completed in 282 BC. The whole colossus is 33 meters high, made of marble and covered with bronze, and was later used as a lighthouse. However, the earthquake in 226 BC knocked down the colossus, and its fragile knee became the fatal wound of the colossus, and the colossus fell to the shore near the port of Mandraki. In 654 AD, Rhode Island was invaded by Arabs, and the invaders even transported the remains to Syria, which made it more difficult to investigate this spectacle.

Edit paragraph 4. hanging garden

Like the colossus of Rhodes, archaeologists have not found the remains of the hanging garden so far.

Construction time: about 6th century BC.

Location: Babylon, east of the Euphrates River, about 50 miles south of Baghdad, the capital of Iraq.

Of course, the hanging gardens in Babylon were not suspended in the air. The origin of this name is that people misinterpret the original Greek "kremastos" and Latin "pensilis" (meaning "hanging" besides "protruding") as "hanging".

It is generally believed that the Hanging Garden was built by King Nebuchadnezzar (604-562 BC) to comfort the homesick princess Amyitis, imitating her hometown in the mountains. It is said that slaves need to turn mechanical devices to draw a lot of water from the Euphrates River below to irrigate the flowers and plants in the hanging gardens.

The most amazing thing about the hanging garden is the water supply system. Because there is not much rain in Babylon, and the ruins of the Hanging Gardens are far away from the Euphrates River, historical researchers believe that the Hanging Gardens should have many water conveyance facilities. The slave kept pushing the handle connected with the gear to transport the groundwater to the storage tank on the top floor, and then returned to the ground through the artificial river. Another problem is maintenance, because ordinary buildings can't withstand the erosion of the river for many years without collapsing. Because there are not many stones in Mesopotamia, researchers think that the bricks used in hanging gardens are unusual. They are added with reeds, asphalt and gravel. Some documents even pointed out that a layer of lead was added to the stone to prevent the river from infiltrating into the foundation.

Edit paragraph 5. Temple of Al themis

Artemis is the Greek word α ρ ε ι δ (Latin Artemis), the goddess of the moon and hunting in Greek mythology and the sister of Apollo, the sun god. Roman mythology called her Diana, Egyptians called her Isis, and Arabs called her Rath. In ancient Greece, the goddess themis was deeply worshipped, so she built the Temple of themis, one of the seven wonders.

Construction time: about 550 BC

Construction site: in the soul of freedom in ancient Greek cities, about 50 kilometers south of Izmir (Smyrna).

Temple buildings are based on marble and covered with wooden roofs. The designers of the whole building are Chersiphron and his son. Its biggest feature is that there are two rows of columns at least 106, and each row is about 12 to 18 meters high. The base of the temple is about 60 times 120 meters.

[FONT style = " FONT-SIZE: 18px "]& lt； WBR & gt； & ltWBR & gt； & ltWBR & gt； It was destroyed by a fire in 356 BC, and it was built after the original site caught fire again in 262 AD. The Temple of Al themis has been rebuilt seven times. The first temple of Al themis was designed in 550 BC by architects Samos, Cherxihong and his son Mette kinnis, supported by Ionian marble columns. This was the first building built entirely of marble at that time. The whole building was decorated with bronze, silver, gold and ivory reliefs of famous artists at that time, such as Yas, Polly Cletus and keresey Ras Vladmont. The statue of Al themis was placed on the U-shaped altar in the center for people to worship. Later, in 356 BC, the temple was destroyed by fire and invasion. After the transformation, the length of the marble column increased to 2 1.7 meters, and thirteen steps were added around it. Finally, because people who love free souls converted to Christianity, the temple was destroyed by St. John Christom in 40 1 year. [/font]

Edit paragraph 6. Mausoleum Temple of King Mo Solas

It is said that Mao Solas's tomb temple in Halicarnassus is about 45 meters high, and the upper part of the pedestal is a stepped pyramid, and the statue of King Solas of Kalia Kingdom may stand at the top. This mausoleum was destroyed in an earthquake in the third century.

Construction time: about 353 BC

Construction site: present-day southwest Turkey.

This huge white marble mausoleum was built for Mo Solas and his wife. The whole building was designed by two Greek designers and decorated with strange carving patterns. Fu Yi's achievements are well known. It was destroyed by a great earthquake at the beginning of15th century. There are still some remaining sculptures in the British Museum in London.

Mao Solas's Tomb Temple is located in Halicarnassus. The ground floor building is rectangular, with an area of 40m by 30m and a height of 45m. The pier wall is 20m high, the column is12m high, the pyramid is 7m high, and the top carriage statue is 3m high. The building is surrounded by pier walls, decorated with stone statues, and the statue at the top is four horses pulling an ancient two-wheeled chariot. In addition to its architecture, this mausoleum temple is also famous for its sculptures. The sculpture of Mausoleum Temple was made by four famous sculptors, Briasis, Leo Chales, Scopas and Timothy, each of whom was responsible for one side of the tomb temple.

/kloc-At the beginning of the 5th century, Halicarnassus was occupied. In order to build a huge castle, the new ruler used some stones from Mao Solas's tomb temple as building materials in 1494. Today, many sculptures still survive and are kept in museums in London, England. /kloc-since the 0/9th century, the archaeological excavation of Mausolasso's tomb temple has provided a lot of information about Mao.

Edit paragraph 7. The Lighthouse of Alexandria

According to the order of Alexander the Great (King of Macedonia), the lighthouse of the Faroe Islands in Alexandria was built on an artificial island in 300 BC. It is at least 65,438+0.22 meters high and made of shiny white limestone or marble.

Construction time: about 300 BC

Construction site: Faross Island near Alexandria.

Shortly after the death of Alexander the Great, Ptolemy Soter, one of his subordinates, ruled Egypt and made Alexandria its capital. In view of the dangerous sea lanes near Alexandria, Ptolemy Soter ordered the architect soste Lars to cooperate with the Alexandria Library/Mouse to build the Alexandria Lighthouse, which was completed in 290 BC.

When the Alexander Lighthouse was completed, its height deserved to be the tallest building in the world at that time. His designer is Chattus of Sotheby's, a Greek architect. An Arab traveler recorded in his notes: "The lighthouse was built on three steps. At its top, a mirror reflects sunlight during the day and guides the ship with fire at night. " /kloc-for 0/500 years, the Alexandria lighthouse has been guiding sailors to the harbor in the dark. It is also the latest of the six wonders to disappear. /kloc-it was completely destroyed by the earthquake in the 0/4th century.

The Fallot Lighthouse is completely different from the other six wonders, because it has no religious color, and it is built purely for people's real life. The light of the Fallot lighthouse shines all over Alexandria at night, protecting the ships at sea. In addition, it was the tallest building in the world at that time.

The legend of Alexander lighthouse: Alexander

In 332 BC, Alexander the Great of Macedonian Empire established a new city, Alexandria, west of the mouth of the Nile River in Egypt. After the death of Alexander the Great, the Ptolemaic dynasty in Egypt began to rise, and Alexandra became the capital of the Ptolemaic dynasty and prospered. In addition, Alexandra is located in Asia. The border between Africa and Europe can also lead to the ports of the Nile and the Mediterranean. You can imagine how prosperous Alexandra is and how developed world trade is. Moreover, Faross Island in Alexandria has the Alexandria Lighthouse, one of the seven wonders of the world, which shines on the harbor.

There are also a large number of architectural relics such as temples and Egyptian royal palaces. Although Alexandra is so prosperous, today, Alexandra is beyond recognition. Scientists believe that most of these buildings collapsed due to a major earthquake in the fourth century AD. Scientists have carried out many excavations in Alexandria, including one in 1996. French experts claimed that a large ancient relic was found at the bottom of Alexandria, and traces of ancient roads and paving stones were also found. Investigators found an ancient binaural flask that sank to the bottom of the sea. This is an ancient Greek jar with two handles, which was used to transport wine and other trade goods. The investigation team also found the head of the statue of Pharaoh. The staff first fixed the Pharaoh's head with metal utensils, and then sent the statue into the water with balloons. The survey was conducted at the possible location of the Fallows lighthouse. Just compare the head of the statue with the staff next to it, and you can imagine the huge statue.

With these discoveries, many investigations have unearthed thousands of relics, most of which weigh several tons to dozens of tons. From these relics, we can gradually imagine the mysterious lighthouse of Fallows. Due to the prosperity of Alexandra and the backwardness of ancient directional navigation technology, it is conceivable that the Fallows lighthouse, which shines on the whole port, plays an extremely important role in defending the lives of ancient sailors. Whether future generations can have a clearer understanding of Fallows Lighthouse depends on whether the government and experts will pay attention to the excavation of Alexandria. If the excavation of Alexandria can be further developed, more architectural features can be reproduced. ...

Edit this seven wonders of the world in the Middle Ages.

Because most of the above miracles have been destroyed, later generations put forward the seven wonders of the world in the Middle Ages:

The Colosseum in Rome, Italy

The underground tomb of Alexandria, Libya

The great wall of China

Stonehenge

China Big Honghu and Glass Pagoda

Leaning tower of Pisa, Italy

Sophia Cathedral in Turkey

Edit this passage of the seven natural wonders of the world.

In addition, American Lowell Thomas also put forward the seven natural wonders of the world:

Colorado Grand Canyon, USA

Victoria Falls in Africa

Alaska Glacier Bay

Ma Meng Cave National Park

Mount Everest, the highest peak in the world.

Lake Baikal, the deepest lake in the world.

Yellowstone National Park, USA.

Edit this paragraph of the election of the new seven wonders.

In 200 1 year, the "New Seven Wonders" Foundation (founded by Bernard Weber, a Frenchman, and founded in 200 1 year) launched the online election of the New Seven Wonders. From more than 200 scenic spots around the world, 77 scenic spots were selected for netizens to vote. So far, the last 2 1 scenic spots have been selected. The event ended on July 7, 2007 and was announced in Lisbon, Portugal, in the early morning of July 8. The Great Wall of China, the ancient city of Petra in Jordan, the statue of Christ in Brazil, the site of Machu Picchu in Inca, the pyramid of Kulkun in Ceacu, Chen Chi, the Colosseum in ancient Rome and the Taj Mahal have become the "new seven wonders" in the world.

Among them, the Great Wall in Wan Li, China ranks first.

The only remaining Egyptian pyramid of Giza among the ancient "Seven Wonders of the World" will naturally retain the status of a miracle, mainly because Egyptian officials said that it was an insult to ask the pyramids to compete for a place, so on the 8th, * * * produced the eight wonders of the world including the pyramids.

In other words, the new list is:

The Great Wall of China

Petra Jordan

Christ statue in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Machu Picchu, Peru

Pyramid of Chichen Itza in Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico

Rome, Italy, Colosseum

Taj Mahal, India

Egypt, the pyramids of Giza

The pyramids of Giza are not the new seven wonders, but one of eight wonders of the world.