Notes on Little History and Tangji _ Notes on He Zhushu

I. The Position and Function of the Textbook "The Story of the Little Stone Pond" is the classical Chinese in Unit 6 of the eighth grade (Volume II) of the Chinese textbook published by People's Education Press, and it is the fourth article in Liu Zongyuan's famous landscape travel notes "Eight Stories of Yongzhou". The new textbook is selected in this classical Chinese, which aims to let students gradually get in touch with and understand the excellent culture of ancient China, stimulate students' interest in learning ancient Chinese, and taste the beauty of ancient literary works. The author's vivid, meticulous and poetic scenery rhetoric is worth learning and learning from.

Second, talk about teaching objectives and teaching difficulties

According to the requirements of "Reading simple classical Chinese and understanding the basic content with notes and reference books" in the Chinese Curriculum Standard for Junior Middle School, I have determined the teaching objectives, key points and difficulties of this course as follows:

1. Cognitive goal: read the text correctly and emotionally, implement the words and get familiar with them.

2. Ability goal: Learn how to describe the scenery features in this article.

3. Emotional goal: to understand the author's lonely and sad mentality.

4. Emphasis and difficulty of teaching: to understand the author's lonely and sad feelings, and to accumulate the deficiencies and content words in classical Chinese.

Third, teaching methods and learning methods.

1. teaching method: according to the teaching objectives and difficulties of this course, I make full use of multimedia teaching methods to create classroom atmosphere, create situations and guide reading teaching.

2. Learning guidance: inspire and guide students to use notes and reference books to translate the full text, study independently, explore cooperatively, and read aloud with emotion. Give students the initiative to learn and let them break through the difficulties in learning easily and happily.

Fourth, teaching hours.

The teaching time is 1 class hour.

Fifth, talk about the teaching process.

In this lesson, I am divided into five teaching steps.

The first step is to guide students into the text with the help of film and television rendering.

Let me introduce you first: "Students, how do you spend your time when you are depressed? Have you found a beautiful scenic spot to entertain yourself? Today, let's enjoy the beautiful scenery-Xiaoshitang with an ancient man. " Then, I use multimedia video to play the fragments of Xiaoshitang and freeze some pictures. With the teacher's eloquent model reading, the beauty of Xiaoshitang is revealed.

Design intention: Use multimedia courseware to help students "immerse" in the situation, create artistic conception for intensive reading, stimulate students' desire for learning and stir up their emotions.

The second step is to learn ancient Chinese by yourself and appreciate the literary charm.

I ask students to read the text freely and then think about what the full text is mainly about. Students who don't understand can use notes to understand or work in groups to solve problems in reading.

Design intention: Students should master the words, read the correct pronunciation, read the rhythm and read the meaning of the text during reading.

The third step is to explore the difficulties and break through the key learning.

Because this link is both important and difficult, I designed six small links.

1. Multiple readings. After I put forward the reading request, let the students read the text again intensively, read instead of speaking, and ask them to read the correct pronunciation, understand the rhythm, read the meaning of the text smoothly and appreciate the beauty of the article. Then, I use multimedia courseware to show the exercises and check the students' reading effect.

Design intention: through diversified interpretation, let students feel and appreciate the style of famous works in reading; Real experience, integrated into the boutique picture scroll. In addition, in the process of reading, students are encouraged to know themselves and enrich their emotional experience.

2. Explore and question. I asked the students: Is the author happy or sad to go to Xiaoshitang? How about renaming the article? How about Xiuzhu Lake, Yuhuan Lake and Maolin Lake? After students circle the questions and draw a sketch, have an interactive dialogue between teachers and students.

3. Expand teaching materials. I played the music "Mountain Flowing Water" with multimedia, and asked a student to read aloud with the music. Other students used strokes to draw an imaginary small stone pond.

4. Travel with the author. On the basis of students' familiarity with the text, I said to the students, "The beauty of Xiaoshitang is inexhaustible, and it still exists in our imagination. Now, I ask all my classmates to be photographers and shoot the natural scenery of Xiaoshitang. Students must be loyal to the original work, grasp the lens and find out the changes. "

Design intention: In the above three teaching links, I locked in the key points and difficulties, and used various methods to guide students to sort out the texts effectively, so that the classroom could become a "T-stage" for the flow of ideas.

5. Classroom exercises. Find out the pleasant scenery, expand your imagination and describe it.

6. recite the text. When I asked the students to recite the text, I said, "Liu Zongyuan deserves to be one of the eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties. He used the essayist's rich literary skills to describe Xiaoshitang so beautifully. It's really eye-catching and ingenious. In Qing Dynasty, Mr. Wang Guowei said that Liu Zongyuan's A Story of a Small History Pond made it difficult for later generations to transfer descriptive words. Now, let's recite this text together. While you are reciting, you can appreciate and accumulate some words in your notebook. "

Design intention: These two links not only train students' thinking ability in images, but also help to train students' written and oral expression ability.

The fourth step is to recall the cultural context and stir up the feelings of the times.

The landscape picture of Xiaoshitang has become a beautiful memory. What other literati in history wrote their feelings of being hard to get in return in words? I remind students: Li Bai, Wang Anshi, Lu You and so on. )

Design intention: The curriculum standard requires students to "appreciate literary works, have their own emotional experience, initially understand the connotation of works, and gain beneficial enlightenment to nature, society and life". Review the main points of this lesson, guide students to summarize and sort out the ancient poems they have read, and expand their knowledge.

Sixth, talk about class summary.

The article writes about scenery and blends scenes. The author combines his own state of mind with Xiaoshitang's description of the environment, which embodies feelings in the scenery and melts the scenery into the environment. In the process of moving and changing, the author guides us to watch the beautiful scenery around Xiaoshitang, just like watching a landscape film, in which the physical environment and situation are blurred without trace, and the highest realm of scene blending is truly realized. Expressing feelings for mountains and rivers is not an end, but expressing one's misfortune and pouring one's anger and depression into it. This is a poetic travel note about mountains and rivers. The author describes the rocks, water, fish and trees in Xiaoshitang, and makes great efforts to render a cold and quiet atmosphere, expressing his sad feelings in a lonely situation with scenery. In this paper, the author mobilizes various techniques to create a beautiful and moving scene in Xiaoshitang: there are moving steps to change scenery and fixed-point close-ups; Having simple strokes and heavy colors; There is movement and stillness, and there is stillness and movement; There is a positive contrast and a side background; There are feelings into the landscape, but also feelings to create the landscape ... these technologies are worth learning. Liu Zongyuan's personal experience has distinct characteristics of the times. He can understand the status of intellectuals in the world more than a thousand years ago, indirectly contact the society and enrich his life experience.

Seven, blackboard design

Quiet and serene landscape paintings blend together.

Beautiful scenery with clear traces ―― change step by step.

Classical Music of Melancholy and Sadness ―― Emotional Tone

(Editor Zhang Yixiang)