What are prose poems written for?

Zhu Ziqing's prose is well written and sincere, but his ideological content can be summarized as follows:

Lyric prose writes about scenery. Zhu Ziqing is best at thick books, full of colors, describing landscapes in detail, and vividly reappearing the charm of natural landscapes. This kind of prose is beautiful, graceful and elegant, which is his masterpiece of "beautiful writing", such as Qinhuai River in the Sound of Paddle, Moonlight on the Lotus Pond, Traces of Wenzhou and so on. What is particularly commendable is that these essays all contain the author's life experience and emotional color, and express the author's complex ideological connotation in the complex social environment at that time. For social life and natural scenery, Zhu Ziqing is very good at accurate and meticulous observation and detailed description. Such as "Qinhuai River in the Shadow of Paddle Lights", writing a boating outing with Yu Pingbo, a friend of the Six Dynasties, is extremely hazy and bizarre. When describing the light and shadow, water color, moonlight and songs of Qinhuai River, the author used rich colors and poured his deep feelings, which made people deeply realize the "disillusionment" hidden in the author's heart. It is understandable that the author has such a mentality. At that time, the high tide of the May 4th Movement in the enlightenment thought had passed, and he was in a depressed atmosphere of temporary silence in the cultural and ideological circles, which inevitably made him feel lonely and depressed, but he was still exploring and thinking in a down-to-earth manner. Another example is Moonlight on the Lotus Pond. At the beginning, the article tells readers about the temporary mood of "I", then draws the outline around the lotus pond with a simple pen, and then depicts lotus leaves, lotus flowers and moonlight, cicadas and frogs with thick ink, which directly describes the quiet beauty of the lotus pond and the quiet silence of the lotus pond, which makes "I" brought by the night tour of the lotus pond and embodies chaos. Even an essay like Green and Spring, which seems to be purely about mountains and rivers, reveals the author's persistence in reality and optimism about the bright future. In addition, there are some scenic notes, such as the summer in Yangzhou, a glimpse of Baima Lake, Nanjing and Chongqing, Tanzhe Temple and Songtang Travel Notes. , all show the author's love for landscape and pastoral. In a word, in Zhu Ziqing's works, nature is personified nature, and emotion is also naturalized emotion. Zhu Ziqing's prose truly records his active ideological exploration as an upright intellectual and makes it a part of the author's life.

Narrative prose of remembering people. What can best convey the charm of Zhu Ziqing's prose is this kind of autobiographical prose, such as The Back, For the Dead Wife, Children, Choosing a Mate, etc. This kind of plain prose with a pen is natural and even trivial, but it has a strong emotional impact. By writing character narration, the author can express his feelings with events and expose the old society from the side. "Back" describes an ordinary trivial matter in life: the father saw his son off at the station. The author is an experienced writer, full of emotion, calm and natural. This paper does not depict the portrait and expression of his father from the front, but takes his father's "back" as the center of the full text layout and the thread of the pen. The writing is light and affectionate, which shows his kindness and the bleak situation of the middle and lower class intellectuals' families at that time. To My Dead Wife is the author's work to mourn his dead wife. In this sentimental text, it is almost a family matter: his wife sells jewelry to help him study; Because he was angry with both families and humiliated; Doing housework relieves his worries; She always considers her husband's needs and hobbies, but keeps her illness a secret and doesn't want to disturb his peace. These fragments and heaps all show the selfless maternal love and feelings of the late wife, and the deep sadness and nostalgia of the author are also saturated between the lines, and at the same time, they reflect the gloomy world at that time and show the social sorrow of the dying. In the Story of Choosing a Mate, the author described the simple process of choosing a mate four times frankly and calmly, revealing the infinite bitterness of young men and women who died under the shackles of old-fashioned marriage. In Children, he lamented that his children were as miserable as "snails with shells on their backs". These works that profoundly expose the desolation and indifference of life are really the author's thinking and exploration of social problems. The unique emotional experience revealed by this kind of works, at the same time, has the universality of * * * *, which is easy to arouse readers' * * and becomes Zhu Ziqing's masterpiece.

In Zhu Ziqing's personal narrative prose, besides his personal and family narrative prose, there are some essays written in memory of his friends. From "Ye Shengtao I have Seen" to "With a Gentleman", the author shows sincere love for his friends, exudes the warmth of friendship, and reflects the shadow of that turbulent era.

Anti-imperialist and anti-feudal prose. Most of Zhu Ziqing's essays are about landscapes and characters, or famous scenic spots inside and outside Xinjiang, or about the friendship between family and friends. Generally speaking, these essays are not very big. However, there are also many works with major themes, namely, Government Massacre, White Man-God's Favorite, The Cost of Life-70 cents, and Civilization on the Ship. Although this kind of prose still shows his inherent meticulous and calm style, it reveals depression in details and anger in calmness, which shows his right and wrong view and strong observation and analysis ability as an honest writer, so he can keenly touch the social reality and has obvious anti-imperialist and anti-feudal significance of the times.

The Executive Yuan Massacre is a feature of Zhu Ziqing's prose. This article is slightly different from his usual gentle and prudent style. The tone of the whole article is cold, and there is a tendency of "King Kong glaring". The author accused the Duan government of the bloody massacre of Beijing students and citizens in the "March 18th" tragedy with his own personal experience. In the narrative of the incident and the description of the scene, we can feel that the author's passion, although suppressed, is still stirring, which is mixed with anger against the reactionary authorities, regret for the innocent dead, admiration for heroic women and the author's introspection and shame, showing that the author is resisting violent politics, pursuing democracy, loving the youth and coming forward. In "Bai Chiyou's Favorite", the author described that he was cruelly stared at by western children on the tram, felt the humiliation of ethnic discrimination, expressed his thoughts against ethnic discrimination and power politics, and expressed his anti-imperialist and patriotic feelings. The Cost of Life-Seventy cents is a tragic event that can often be seen in the old society-selling children, which reveals the theme of the whole paper-expressing sympathy for the insulted and oppressed weak, exposing and attacking the darkness of a cannibal society. In Civilization on the Ship, the author satirizes the so-called "national quintessence" and the so-called "spiritual civilization" from the custom of men and women sitting separately on the ship.

In addition to the above three categories, Zhu Ziqing's prose is ideological, and there are also some works, which are good at writing about women, elegant in style and interesting. Such as "woman" and "Ahe". Woman is an excellent prose with elegant style. The author looks down on the selection of materials from a noble starting point, so that we can appreciate the mystery when appreciating women, and make people's emotions transcend mediocrity and shallowness and sublimate to a higher level of spiritual realm. Ah He is a woman's companion, which describes the artistic beauty of women from a macro perspective, while Ah He describes the artistic beauty of women from a micro perspective. However, in the book of Ahe, there is a feeling of "place of tears" that women do not have. It can be said that these works are also an indispensable aspect of Zhu Ziqing's prose interest.

Second, artistic features with unique personality and charm.

Zhu Ziqing is a great master in the history of modern prose in China. His pen is like a magic wand, no matter what the subject matter, it can be transformed into beautiful and moving prose. His prose is permeated with the social content and life content of his personal experience, and these contents, everything and everything, he "needs to take it apart and expose it ... so that he can distinguish many new and different flavors" (Zhu Ziqing's "Photographs of Shan Ye"), and he thinks that "the rich flavors in life are very different in details, and we can do everything possible to show this difference. It is vivid and true literature and art (Authenticity of Literature and Art). Therefore, his prose, whether it is writing landscapes, remembering people's narratives, expressing feelings and lyricism, is unique and original in art. As Yang Zhensheng said in Mr. Zhu Ziqing and Modern Prose, his prose "elegance comes from simplicity, humor comes from faithfulness, and richness comes from plainness". This is a pertinent summary of the artistic style of Zhu Ziqing's prose.

1, sincere and profound feelings. The reason why Zhu Ziqing's prose is kind and touching is that he has poured deep feelings into his writing about individuals, friends, families, landscapes and current affairs, and he is frank and delicate, simple and natural, passionate and humorous, sad or angry, and his strength is appropriate because of different themes, and he is strong and weak, and he is emotional. Behind, for the dead wife, children, etc. Reveals the affection of father and calf and the author's yearning for his wife and love for his children. I saw Ye Shengtao, Huai Wei and others holding a young gentleman. Reveal the author's yearning for his friends. The water lanterns in Moonlight on the Lotus Pond and Shadow of Qinhuai River reveal the author's confusion and anxiety at that time. The sincere expression of these feelings deeply touched the readers and made them unforgettable.

2. The artistic conception of scene blending. "All scenery words are sentimental words" (Wang Guowei). Zhu Ziqing is good at integrating subjective feelings and objective scenery into an organic and unified artistic image, thus achieving the artistic realm of "scene blending". He used to be a poet, and his prose is naturally poetic. As far as the author is concerned, whether writing about the waterfall of spring flowers, remembering the light and shadow of Qinhuai and dyeing the moonlight in the pond, they are all expressing their feelings, or expressing their feelings in the scenery, so that the feelings move with the scenery and the scenery moves at will, which has the artistic beauty of "the combination of scenery, form and spirit". The lotus pond described in Moonlight on the Lotus Pond is located on the campus of Tsinghua. It used to be an ordinary lotus pond, but after the author's rendering and coloring, it became very beautiful and poetic: faint moonlight, lotus leaves in the field, thin spring fog, lush trees, cicadas on the trees, frogs in the water ... constitute a beautiful meticulous painting. The intoxicating green of Meiyu Pool, the charming light and shadow of Qinhuai River, the romantic simplicity of Yangzhou City, and the exotic customs of Venice ... The author's paintings are wonderful, all of which make people feel immersive. Another example is "The Back", in which the author describes the scene where his father limped across the railway, jumped off the platform fence and climbed up to buy oranges for his son. The "back" of my father's fat blue cotton gown and black mandarin jacket made the author cry and touched countless readers.

3. Exquisite and meticulous structural layout. Most of Zhu Ziqing's essays are short in length, ingenious in conception and rigorous in structure, with "emotion" as the line and "matter" as the line, or in the order of time change, or in the order of space transfer, or the whole first and then the part; Either a line runs through and echoes back and forth, or the light and shade are interlaced and blended, or they are scattered and overlapped and dyed repeatedly. In short, the whole text is carefully laid out, with natural connection and no chisel marks. In "The Back", the author takes the father's "back" as the main line, and the "back" appears four times in the article, echoing from beginning to end, and taking this as a literary eye, repeatedly asking questions, which has received surprising results. Moonlight on the Lotus Pond begins with "I quietly put on my big shirt and rushed out of the door" and ends with "I gently pushed the door in", taking care of it before and after, meticulous and natural; The original intention of this article is "restless heart", but "quietness" is everywhere in the article. In the article "Winter", the author used today's photography technology in advance, shook out three big close-ups of winter by changing the lens, and reproduced several small pictures in the main picture. Large, medium and small sets are connected and bonded, and the primary and secondary ones complement each other, forming a unique set of different landscapes in winter, which has a unique charm. As for the author's travel in Europe, his writing tries to avoid the appearance of "I", but his feelings and feelings are vivid.

4. Flexible skills. Zhu Ziqing's prose skills are sophisticated, flexible and diverse. He not only pays attention to the ingenious combination of artistic techniques such as "form and spirit, emptiness and reality, tension and relaxation, movement and tranquility, details and conciseness", but also pays attention to the application of rhetorical techniques such as "contrast, parallelism, metaphor, personification and synaesthesia", and pays more attention to the application of "line drawing" in "narrative, description, lyric and discussion". For example, when the author described the thinness and lightness of the waterfall in the White Water Festival, he wrote:

"... white light turns into smoke, which is already a shadow; Sometimes you can't even see the shadow. Sometimes the breeze comes, holding the shadow with your hand, and it curls into a soft arc; But as soon as her hand was released, it fell back like a rubber belt. So I suspect that there may be another pair of unknowable dexterous hands who weave these shadows into a magic net. -The breeze tried to take her away. How could she refuse? "

There are real scenes and virtual images here; Or metaphor, or personification; Or sketch, or talk. In a short paragraph, the sacrifice of Xiao Bai water chestnut is described as a colorful artistic image, which makes people admire his flexible artistic talent. Next, I will emphasize that he is a master of synaesthesia and line drawing.

Synaesthesia skills. Zhu Ziqing uses this technique extensively in his prose, and he is a leader among modern prose writers. For example, there are two sentences in "Moonlight on the Lotus Pond": "The breeze passes by, bringing a faint fragrance, as if it were a distant song on a high building"; The moonlight in the pond is uneven, but the light and shadow have a harmonious melody, such as a famous song played in the Vatican. The previous sentence described the "fragrance" of lotus flowers, which was originally based on the sense of smell, but he described it with the sense of hearing of "distant songs on high buildings", which made people feel that the fragrance was ethereal, as if nothing had happened, and the image was vivid; The last sentence is about the harmony between "light" and "shadow", but compared with the Brahma, the visual synaesthesia is called hearing. In the article "Green", the author describes the water in plum rain pool as follows: "She is smooth and bright, as smooth as bright oil and as soft as egg white, which reminds people of the softest skin they have ever touched". Here is the synaesthesia of vision and touch, which vividly depicts the smoothness and delicacy of the pool with "the softest skin I have ever touched".

Sketching skills. Making good use of line drawing is an important feature of Zhu Ziqing's prose creation, especially his later prose creation. Write about his father, his dead wife, Ye Shengtao, Wei Jie, etc. It's all about his behavior and charm, showing high artistic attainments. One of the most typical is the text describing the father's "back" in "Back":

"I saw him wearing a small black hat, a big black jacket and a dark blue cotton robe, stumbling to the railway and slowly leaning forward. It's not too difficult. But it is not easy for him to climb the platform over there when he crosses the railway. He climbed up with both hands, and his feet shrank again; His fat body leans slightly to the left, which shows his efforts. "

In this passage, the author grasped several details and truly showed our father's difficult action of climbing the railway to buy oranges. Written calmly and naturally, without any modification, plain and concise, but the scene is meticulous, the emotion is implicit and the characters are lifelike. This line drawing technique has been well used in the dead woman, the child, Ye Shengtao's My Opinion, the murder case in Chaofu, the summer in Yangzhou, London Miscellanies and other chapters. , and formed a concise, fluent, simple and plain language features.

5. Plain and quiet language art Zhu Ziqing is a master who has enriched the expressive force of modern vernacular literature. His prose language "led the literary world in the early stage of the New Literature Movement" (Yang Zhensheng). His prose language styles are diverse, showing a variety of colors that combine beauty with simplicity. Hui is simple and plain, green is beautiful and rich, but in general, it is mostly natural, smooth, fresh and elegant, even pure spoken language. This kind of blandness, true alcohol but not empty, thick but not shallow, simple but not boring, is his unique elegance of "simplicity", massiness of "plainness" and humor of "loyalty". This kind of dullness is epigenetic dullness and mature dullness. "Snails have shells on their backs." "They need to be peeled!" Is a common spoken language in daily life, used to describe the heavy burden of life brought by children. It can be said that it is not vivid. The article paraphrased his wife's two sentences, one is "hands are too spicy" and the other is "it's really chilling!" They are all made by young children after being beaten for no reason, and the words are short and vivid. A passage in "For a Dead Woman": "Your short 12-year marriage life has been spent on children for 11 years; And you are not tired at all, try your best until you are eliminated. You generally love children, regardless of gender. I don't think about things like' raising children to prevent old age, many a mickle makes a mickle', but I just love it terribly. " This passage can be said to be as plain as possible, or as refined as possible. It fully shows her selfless dedication and maternal love, and also shows the author's profound understanding of her dead wife. There are regrets in praise, sadness in love, and her feelings are fully displayed. This is a truly beautiful article. Therefore, Yao Yao, the author's favorite pupil, thinks that the words used in his prose are "very concise and appropriate" and "simple and natural" (Reading Mr. Zhu Ziqing) is indeed correct. At the same time, the love of reduplicated words also creates the sense of rhythm and the beauty of rhyme in Zhu Ziqing's prose language. There are 72 overlapping words in "Qinhuai River in the Shadow of Water Lights" and 26 words in "Moonlight over the Lotus Pond". Such as vague, Tian Tian, Tingting, hazy, cloudy, far and near, high and low, fuzzy and so on. Catchy, catchy, with hearing.

"Emotion moves in the middle, form in words". There are many touching reasons for the language art of Zhu Ziqing's prose, but the main reason is that he reflects the true feelings, and sincere feelings are always simple and natural, colorful, full of connotation and infectious. The so-called "luxury and purity" is such a language style.