A brief introduction to Nobel.

I. The Life of Nobel

(1) First:

Alfred bernhard nobel (1833- 1896), a Swedish chemist, inventor and industrialist, was the founder of the Nobel Prize. 1833101October 2 1 was born in Stockholm, Sweden. Nobel devoted himself to the research of explosives all his life, and was known as the "king of explosives" for inventing nitroglycerin detonators, nitroglycerin solid explosives and colloidal explosives. He not only engaged in theoretical research, but also engaged in industrial practice. He obtained 355 patents for technological inventions in his life, and opened about 100 companies and factories in 20 countries on five continents, such as Europe and America, and accumulated huge wealth. 184 1 to 1842 studied at St. jacoby's Church School in Stockholm. 1843- 1850 studied under Russian and Swiss tutors in St. Petersburg, Russia. From 1850 to 1852, Nobel traveled and studied extensively in Europe and America, which increased his knowledge and broadened his horizons. /kloc-at the age of 0/6, he is proficient in English, German, French, Swiss, Swedish and Russian, which laid a solid foundation for his future inventions.

Nobel's father, Emmanuel Nobel, is an inventor and owns a large machinery factory in Russia. 1840 ——1859 His father is engaged in large-scale mine production in St. Petersburg. These mines and other weapons were used in the Crimean war. He invented the boiler system for home heating, designed a machine for making wooden wheels, designed and manufactured a large forging hammer, and transformed the factory equipment. 1853, Tsar Nicholas I made an exception and awarded Emmanuel Nobel a medal in recognition of his achievements. Under the influence and guidance of his father's endless creative spirit, Nobel embarked on a brilliant road of scientific invention.

After growing up, he studied in St. Petersburg, and Nobel went to France and the United States for further study. He returned to Sweden to study and invent chemistry, especially explosives. Nobel and his son set up a laboratory in the suburb of Stockholm, and developed a mercury tube to solve the detonation of explosives for the first time. 1863 began to produce glycerol explosives. Because liquid explosives are prone to explosion accidents, in 1866, he made a solid safe violent explosive "Danamat", which became the cornerstone of Nobel International Industrial Group in the future. 1867 invented the safety detonator, and then successively invented various more powerful explosives. He had nearly 400 inventions such as explosives and rayon in his life and obtained 85 patents. These inventions made Nobel occupy an important position in the history of world chemistry. Nobel accumulated a lot of wealth by making explosives. He bought most of the shares in the Swedish chemical plant B. Gorsbon Arms, founded the Nobel Chemical Company, opened two trust companies for producing explosives in western European countries, and owned the Nobel Brothers Company for oil exploration in Baku, Russia.

Before his death, he made a will in 1895 and used most of his $9.2 million property as a fund. He set up five prizes in physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature and peace with an annual interest of $200,000 (the Swedish National Foundation added the economics prize in 1969) to reward scholars who made the greatest contribution in the above fields that year. Starting from 190 1, the bonus will be paid every year on 65438+February 10.

Alfred nobel doesn't want to write a biography. He thinks that no one will read an article about a person.

Nobel's personal evaluation is-"the greatest advantage: keeping nails clean never poses a burden to anyone." The biggest characteristics: no family, lack of cheerful spirit, good appetite. The biggest and only requirement: don't be buried alive. The biggest sin: not worshiping the god of wealth. Life events: none. "

All his life, Nobel sought strength from nature under the threat of death. He only used a few short words when describing his scientific and technological achievements in his life-"The author of this article was born in 1833 10/0/0/0/2/0/0, and his knowledge was obtained from a tutor and he never went to an institution of higher learning. He is especially devoted to the research of applied chemistry. The explosives he invented in his life include: high explosive, smokeless powder, "Balisti" or C89. On 1884, he joined the Royal Swedish Science Society, the Royal London Society and the Paris Society of Civil Engineers. 1880 won the Science Medal and the French Grand Medal initiated by the King of Sweden. "

1October 2 1 day, Alfred Berhard Nobel was born. According to Swedish naming convention, Alfred is the first name and Nobel is the surname. However, according to the established title, the surname of the Nobel family is usually used to refer to Alfred himself.

When Nobel was born, his family went bankrupt because of a fire. His father is worried that he will not live long, because he seems to have no strength to breathe and suck milk, and he has been living in the shadow of illness since he was a child.

School life in alfred nobel is limited to primary schools. When he reached school age, he was sent to St. Jacob's Senior Guardian Primary School in Stockholm for several semesters. In this primary school, he got the highest score in all his lessons and morality, which is one of the three students with the highest score among 82 students.

From 65438 to 0842, Nobel went to live in Petersburg, Russia with his family, and his father opened a Nobel family school for his three brothers at home. In the following six or seven years, Nobel, who loved poetry, lived in the "Shelley Dream" all the time, but his father was disgusted, thinking that poetry was just a pastime for lazy women, and promising men should not and should not disdain to take pleasure in it. In home school, tutor Zinin was the most famous chemist in Russia at that time, which had the greatest influence on Nobel science education.

1850, when Nobel 17 years old, his father decided to send Nobel to European countries and the United States to see the world for the development of his family business, and at the same time to inspect the present situation and progress of mechanical and chemical industries in European countries and the United States. It was not until 2 1 that he returned to Petersburg. During this period, he began to contact the manufacturing technology of nitroglycerin explosives. 1863, Nobel returned to Sweden to develop explosives with his father and brother. The factory was destroyed by an accidental explosion, and his brother was killed. The government banned them from further experiments. Therefore, he once set up his own laboratory on a barge in Lake Mara outside Stockholm.

1one day in the autumn of 866, the explosion test of mercury fulminate was successful, which is the detonator widely used today. Since then, Nobel's series of inventions in explosives have made him the "father of modern explosives".

Due to the refusal of the French government, Nobel was forced to move to San Remo, Italy in 189 1. At this point, he is 58 years old. In the six years since 1896 died here, he has been devoted to various new inventions in San Remo, involving chemistry, machinery, electricity, medicine and other fields.

How many inventions and patents did Nobel complete in his life? According to the incomplete statistics of Nobel's assistant Sohlman, Nobel won 35 1 patents in his life.

1896165438+1On October 28th, Nobel fell in his study. When the servant saw this, he immediately carried him to the bedroom on the second floor. When the invited doctor arrived, Nobel's brain was partially necrotic. He can't speak French and Italian that he is familiar with at all, but he can mumble some words in his native Swedish. The assistants, doctors and servants present were all French and Italians, and no one could understand his last words except the word telegram. In the same year, at 2 am on February 2, 65438, Nobel died of cerebral hemorrhage at the age of 63.

When Nobel died, his relatives and friends were not around, and even his favorite assistant, Sohlman, was far away in Sweden. As he feared before his death: "When I am dying, maybe there are no relatives or friends around me, close my eyelids kindly and say a word of comfort in my ear."

A generation of science and technology superstars, in this way, fell in the starry sky at the end of the century.

(2) second:

1, technician's family

65438+February 10 is the anniversary of Nobel's death.

On this day every year, the Stockholm Concert Hall in Sweden is brightly lit. The grand awarding ceremony presented Nobel Prize certificates and medals to winners from all over the world.

The whole world cares about this grand ceremony. It is considered a great honor for the scientific community to win the Nobel Prize.

The Nobel Prize is based on the will and legacy of Swedish chemist alfred nobel. Since 190 1 year, five prizes have been awarded every year, namely, physics, chemistry, physiology (or medicine), literature and peace. Since 1969, economics bonuses have been added one after another.

Nobel was the inventor of safe explosives and smokeless gunpowder. He has been developing explosives all his life. Watering this flower of science with all one's strength, let it take root deeply and achieve fruitful results. He obtained many patents and accumulated a lot of wealth. 1896 before his death, he decided to use 33 million kronor as a fund to reward outstanding people in the world with annual interest to promote the development of scientific and cultural undertakings. In his will, he said, "regardless of nationality, race and language, this prize is only awarded to those who have truly made indelible contributions to mankind."

Nobel lived to be 63. He worked hard in all his life.

Nobel's father, Emmanuel Nobel, is an ordinary mechanic. He worked in the factory very early, without higher education or chemistry. However, he likes chemical experiments, makes explosives whenever he has time, and has opinions on architecture. He is a man who is enthusiastic about science.

1833101October 2 1 day, a thin baby was born in this family. He was the later dynamite king Nobel. Nobel grew up sickly, tenacious and unwilling to lag behind.

Nobel's father is very concerned about little Nobel's hobbies and often tells him stories about scientists, encouraging him to grow up and be a useful person. Once, when Nobel saw his father developing explosives, he opened his eyes wide and asked, "Dad, explosives hurt people. This is a terrible thing. Why did you do it? " Father replied: "It can be used for mining and road construction, and it is needed in many places!" " Nobel nodded inexplicably and said, "Yes, I want to be an explosive when I grow up. "

Nobel's mother Yasai is a well-educated woman with a cheerful personality, intelligence, kindness, optimism and self-confidence. She is strict and kind to children, and often takes Nobel to do some work such as watering flowers, weeding and taking out garbage.

184 1 year, Nobel was 8 years old and entered the local primary school in Yuetai. At school, he studies hard and is often among the best.

At this time, Nobel's father has gone to work in neighboring Finland because of difficulties in making a living. He and his mother stayed in Stockholm.

Not long after, a mine created by Nobel's father was known to the Russian minister. The minister visited his products and enjoyed them very much. He was warmly invited to work in Russia and sent to Petersburg (Leningrad). The mine he created was used by the Russian army to stop the advance of the British fleet during the Crimean War in 1853.

From 65438 to 0842, the Nobel family moved to Petersburg, Russia. Nobel, 9, can't enter the local school because he doesn't know Russian and is in poor health. His father hired a tutor to help his three brothers learn culture. Teachers often evaluate their grades and report their studies to their fathers. Nobel has made rapid progress. After studying, he likes to do odd jobs in the factory with his father.

Nobel followed his father and watched him design and develop mines, mining boats and explosives. What he saw and heard sprouted the ideal of devoting himself to science in his young mind. Father also very much hopes that he will study mechanics and become a mechanic when he grows up.

1850, 17-year-old Nobel crossed the ocean as an engineer and went to the workshop of the famous American engineer Allison for an internship. After the internship expired, he stayed in Europe and America for four years before returning to China. During the inspection, wherever he went, he immediately began to work and got a deep understanding of the industrial development of various countries.

Nobel was sickly and very diligent since he was a child. /kloc-in the summer of 0/854, his illness became more and more serious and he had to leave work for treatment. During the treatment, he wrote to his father and said, "I hope to end this nomadic life as soon as possible and start a new life with more activities." It's really annoying to kill time in the present life. "He devoted himself to his work and study before he got well.

Nobel's father moved back to Sweden in 1859. At that time, many countries urgently demanded to develop mining industry and speed up mining. Explosives can't meet this need, which is a big problem to be solved urgently. Nobel, who knows the industrial situation of various countries, has strengthened his determination to increase the output of explosives.

At this time, an amazing news came: France invented explosives with excellent performance. In fact, the news is inaccurate.

It turned out that General Piguet, a famous French ordnance expert, found that there could be no better result with the existing explosives when studying how to improve the range and speed of bullets, and he had to improve the explosives. So, the war department organized forces and began to study explosives. This incident prompted Nobel to devote himself to the study of explosives.

Nobel was locked in the laboratory all day, looking up information and doing various explosion experiments again and again. His parents understand the danger of engaging in explosives and are very unhappy about his changing his major. One day, his father said to him, "Son, your job is mechanical, so you should concentrate on your work, and you'd better not be distracted in other ways." Nobel said: "It is very important to improve explosives. Once used in production, it will create great wealth for mankind. Of course, danger is inevitable. I will try to be careful. "

Since then, Nobel has often publicized and explained the significance of improving explosives to relatives and friends. In this way, more and more people sympathized with him and sponsored him. Even his parents who opposed him were moved by his strong will and had to acquiesce.

Step 2 study explosives

Before the Nobel Prize, many people studied and made explosives, and China's black powder had already spread to Europe. Nitroglycerin was invented by Italian Subero in 1847, and it is a kind of high explosive which is much more powerful than black powder. However, this kind of explosive is particularly sensitive, easy to explode and dangerous to manufacture, store and transport. People don't know how to use it.

1862 At the beginning, Nobel's father tried to make better explosives with nitroglycerin. Nitroglycerin, he thought, is a liquid and difficult to control. If mixed with solid black powder, it can be made into a good explosive. After repeated experiments, he found that the power of explosives was greatly weakened after being left for several hours, and it was of no practical value.

Old Nobel failed. Nobel continued his research.

In the past, people used to ignite the fuse to trigger the explosion of black powder, which was safe and reliable. However, this method cannot make nitroglycerin explode. Nitroglycerin is not only easy to explode by itself, but also difficult to explode according to human requirements. Therefore, in the ten years after its invention, it was not used as an explosive except for treating angina pectoris.

1862 In May and June, Nobel made a very important experiment:

Fill a small glass tube with nitroglycerin and plug the nozzle; Then, put this glass tube into a slightly larger metal tube filled with black powder, plug in the fire tube and plug the metal nozzle tightly; After lighting the fire tube, throw the metal tube into the ditch. As a result, there was a violent explosion, which was obviously much more violent than the explosion of the same amount of black powder. This shows that all nitroglycerin has completely exploded.

This situation inspired Nobel to realize that in a sealed container, a small amount of black powder exploded first, which could completely explode the separated nitroglycerin.

1In the autumn of 863, Nobel and his younger brother set up a laboratory in Helenpo, Stockholm, engaged in the manufacture and research of nitroglycerin. After many experiments, at the end of this year, Nobel finally invented an effective method to make nitroglycerin explode.

At first, Nobel used black powder as detonator; Later, he invented a detonator to detonate nitroglycerin. In 1864, he obtained a patent for this invention.

After the initial success, great setbacks followed. 1On September 3rd, 864, an explosion occurred in Helenpo laboratory while making nitroglycerin, killing five people on the spot, including Nobel's younger brother.

After the disaster, the surrounding residents were very frightened and strongly opposed to Nobel's production of nitroglycerin there. As a result, Nobel had to transfer the equipment to Lake Mara near Stockholm to make nitroglycerin on board.

After many twists and turns, in March of 1865, Nobel found a new site in Winterwigan, where he built the world's first nitroglycerin factory.

3. The Bombing Family

There are really many thorns on Nobel's way forward. All countries in the world buy nitroglycerin made by him, which often explodes:

An American train was blown into a pile of scrap iron because of explosive explosion; A factory in Germany, due to the explosion of explosives, the factory building and nearby houses were all in ruins; The seagoing ship "Europa" was bumped by strong winds in the Atlantic Ocean, causing nitroglycerin to explode and sink.

These tragic accidents have made countries around the world lose confidence in nitroglycerin, and some countries even banned the manufacture, storage and transportation of nitroglycerin. In the face of this difficult situation, Nobel did not lose heart. He is convinced that it is entirely possible to solve the problem of unstable nitroglycerin.

A year has passed. Nobel found in repeated experiments that the danger of explosion can be reduced by adsorbing nitroglycerin with some porous charcoal powder, sawdust and diatomite. Finally, he used a heavy diatomite to adsorb three nitroglycerin, and made nitroglycerin industrial explosive which was safe to transport and use for the first time. This is a Nobel safety explosive.

In order to dispel people's doubts and fears about nitroglycerin explosives,1On July 4, 867, Nobel made a comparative experiment in a mine in England: he first put a box of safe explosives on a pile of firewood and lit it. As a result, the box of explosives did not explode; He dropped another box of safety explosives from a cliff about 20 meters high. As a result, this box of explosives did not explode. Then, he placed safety explosives in caves, iron drums and boreholes and detonated them with detonators. And it all exploded. The experiment was a complete success and left a deep impression on the visitors. Nobel's safety explosives are really safe.

Soon, Nobel established the Safe Explosives Trust Company to sell this kind of explosives to the whole world. Since then, people have ended the era of producing black powder in manual workshops and entered the stage of large-scale industrial production of safe explosives.

1873, the Nobel Trust Fund for Safe Explosives has set up a general office in Paris with a laboratory. He did many experiments here to improve the manufacturing method of explosives.

Nobel's safety explosives are much more powerful than black powder, and they are safe and reliable, so the sales volume has soared and gradually swept the world. 1867 sold 1 1 ton, 1874 sold 3000 tons.

Safety explosives also have disadvantages. One of the disadvantages is that the explosive force is not as great as that of pure nitroglycerin. It is for this reason that nitroglycerin is still used as an explosive in some places.

How to find a new explosive with both the explosive power of nitroglycerin and the safety performance of safe explosives has become the goal that many inventors have been trying to find for some time. This time, it was Nobel who succeeded first.

One day, while working in the laboratory, Nobel cut his finger and put a nitrocellulose with low nitrogen content on the wound. That night, he couldn't sleep because of the pain in the wound. He lay in bed thinking about the main problem in his work: how to mix nitrocellulose with nitroglycerin.

Nitrocellulose is made by the interaction between cellulose and mixed acid of nitric acid and sulfuric acid, and it is a kind of thing that is easy to catch fire. Because of the different mixing ratio of nitric acid and sulfuric acid and different action time, the nitrogen content of nitrocellulose produced is high or low. Nobel has long wanted to mix nitroglycerin and nitrocellulose to make explosives, but it has not been successful.

Now, inspired by the fact that dressings can absorb blood, Nobel suddenly thought of whether nitrocellulose with low nitrogen content can be mixed with nitroglycerin. He got up, forgot the pain in his fingers, ran to the laboratory and started the experiment alone. He dissolved about one part of collodion in nine parts of nitroglycerin and got a kind of explosive glue-fried glue.

The next day, when Nobel's assistant Warren Bach went to work, a new type of explosive glue had been made. Wallenbach was pleasantly surprised, and he admired his ecstasy.

After years of experiments, 1887, Nobel added a small amount of camphor to nitroglycerin and collodion, and invented smokeless gunpowder. Until today, gunpowder widely used in military industry belongs to this type.

Smokeless powder is much more explosive than black powder, and it burns fully and has little smoke, so people call it smokeless powder.

To make explosives, it is necessary to have powerful explosive power, be safe and reliable, and be able to explode at any time according to people's requirements. Nobel made safe explosives, smokeless powder and detonators, which solved these three problems well.

People call Nobel the king of explosives, and he deserves it.

Nobel studied explosives and always attached importance to applying the research results to production. He believes that only inventions that achieve practical results in production are useful. Therefore, his invention can be applied to production quickly and get real economic benefits immediately.

1863, Nobel invented nitroglycerin detonator. That autumn, he began to make nitroglycerin and detonators in his laboratory. 1865, just outside Stockholm, the first nitroglycerin factory was built.

1866, Nobel made a safe explosive and put it into production the next year. After three years, the annual sales increased from 1 1 ton to 424 tons, and after seven years, it surged to 3 120 tons.

Nobel pioneered the rapid application of scientific research results to production.

4. Be knowledgeable and versatile

Nobel, the inventor of explosives, is a versatile man with rich knowledge and wide interests. He is quite familiar with electricity, optics, mechanics, biology and physiology, and often associates his research with other disciplines. He said: "All kinds of sciences are interrelated in essence. In order to solve problems in a certain scientific field, we should rely on other relevant scientific knowledge. "

Nobel won 355 patents in his life. In his later years, he experimented with rayon and rubber. Although it didn't succeed, it was of great help to his later inventions.

Speaking of Nobel, people praised him as a great inventor. Few people know that he is also a poet and a literary lover. He likes reading various literary masterpieces from Sweden, Britain, France, Germany and Russia. He especially likes the poems of the English poet Shelley. In a lyric poem he wrote, there is such a sentence:

"I only know how to concentrate on reading, explore nature and learn from profound sources of knowledge." He also wrote

Brothers and Sisters, The Happiest Africa and other novels have fresh styles, beautiful words and unique styles.

5. Last words

Nobel was tired all his life, weak in his later years and suffering from severe rheumatic heart disease. From 65438 to 0896, the condition deteriorated seriously and his life was dying. At this last moment, he was obsessed with science.

When someone handed the test sample to Nobel, he still supported his thin body to observe carefully and put forward suggestions for improvement. In his reply, he wrote: "The samples you sent are very good, and the explosives made of pure nitrocellulose are really excellent. Unfortunately, my illness is getting worse and worse, and it is difficult to write these words, as if death is welcoming me with open arms. Only when I get better will I return to research and development. "

It's a pity that Nobel's wish didn't come true. Dozens of hours later-18961210, the Master of Science passed away in the Italian Rimo Hospital.

Nobel was engaged in invention and creation all his life, and his family was rich, but he always lived a single life and never got married. Before he died, he said, "Use this money for academics and humanity!"

After Nobel's death, his name, his indomitable research spirit and the Nobel Prize he sponsored have always inspired scientists all over the world to climb new heights.

From 19 10 to now, hundreds of scientists have won the Nobel Prize. Among them were Roentgen who discovered X-rays, Rutherford who studied radioactivity and nuclei, the Curies who discovered radium, Bohr who proposed the atomic structure model, Marconi who invented the wireless telegraph, and famous scientists such as Planck and Einstein. Famous American scholars Yang Zhenning, Li Zhengdao and Ding Zhaozhong also won the Nobel Prize for their great contributions to the study of the universe and elementary particles.

Second, Nobel's memorabilia

1833 He was born in Stockholm, Sweden on 1 October 22nd at the age of1year. Father went bankrupt.

1840, his 7-year-old father, Imanu Yale, left his family in his hometown and went to St. Petersburg, Russia (now Leningrad) to look for a job.

184 1 He entered primary school at the age of 8.

1842 when he was 9 years old, his father's factory business was booming and his family moved to St. Petersburg. Former residence of Nobel in San Remo, Italy

1843, the torpedo invented by his 10-year-old father was valued by the Russian government and awarded a prize of 3000 rubles. My brother Yemir was born.

1850, 17 years old to study in the United States.

1852, he died in Paris at the age of 19, and returned to St. Petersburg with a sad heart.

1853 His 20-year-old father was awarded a medal by the Russian emperor. He went to Ege Hot Springs in Germany to recuperate from overwork.

1854 2 1 year-old, the British, French, Turkish and Australian allied forces started a war against Russia. (Crimean War). The torpedo invented by Emmanuel Yale was buried in the Gulf of Finland. Dr Xining and Dr trapp encouraged him to invent nitroglycerin explosive.

1856, he was 23 years old. Russia was defeated in the Crimean War and his father's factory was in trouble. Patent for improvement of water meter.

1858 He went to London at the age of 25 to raise money for his father's career.

1859 His 26-year-old father failed in his career, and his parents returned to Stockholm with his younger brother Yemir.

1860, at the age of 27, he and his second brother, Lute Yixi, worked in a resale factory and studied nitroglycerin explosives. I fell ill this winter.

1863 He invented the detonator of nitroglycerin explosive at the age of 30. /kloc-in October, I got the patent of nitroglycerin explosive and built a factory in Stockholm with my father.

1864, when he was 3 1 year old, the nitroglycerin factory exploded and Dimir died tragically. Therefore, the more the explosion is banned, the more the Swedish factory is closed and the factory is built in Germany. 10, [Nitroglycerin Explosive Company] was established.

1865 at the age of 32, he set up a gunpowder company in Hamburg, Germany and a factory in Krupp.

1866, he was 33 years old. Nitroglycerin explosions have occurred all over the world, and the nitroglycerin companies are in trouble. But that's why dynamite was invented.

1867 in may, he was 34 years old and obtained a patent for explosives in Britain. Since that year, the annual output has been eleven tons. The new Nobel detonator was invented successfully.

1867 at the age of 35, he set out from the United States and set up Nobel companies all over Europe, and the explosive industry was booming. At the same time, he and his father won the Swedish Academy Science Award.

1870, he was 37 years old, and Krupp Firepower Factory exploded, causing huge losses. When the Franco-Prussian War began, explosives began to show their power.

187 1 He started an explosives company in England at the age of 38. France also allows the manufacture of explosives and cooperates with Paul Bao to start a business.

1872 His 39-year-old father Emmanuel Yale died.

1873 He settled in Paris at the age of 40. Big brother Roberta found an oil field in Baku.

1876 at the age of 43, he hired Mrs. Stowe (1905 won the Nobel Prize in Literature. 1843- 19 14) as a secretary, and then gradually became keen on the peace movement.

1878 He finished the plastic explosive at the age of 45. In May, he joined his brothers' oil business and established the Nobel Brothers Oil Company.

1882, at the age of 49, he went to Russia to meet his brother, Lute Yixi.

1884, 5 1 year old, was recommended as a member of the Royal Society of London, the Paris Institute of Technology and the Royal Swedish Science Association.

1887 at the age of 54, he obtained a patent for jet gun powder.

1889 His 56-year-old mother Annette died in her hometown of Stockholm.

1890 he was persecuted by the French at the age of 57, left his life 18 in Paris and moved to San Limo, Italy, where he founded a research institute.

1893, aged 59, became honorary professor of philosophy at Wuppesalle University in Sweden.

1895 He made a will on 1 1 27, at the age of 62, and the Nobel Prize was born.

1896 at the age of 63, he was buried forever in the village of mioniede in San Rimo on the night of1February 10.

1February 10, 190 1 Five years after his death, the first Nobel Prize awarding ceremony was held in Stockholm according to Nobel's will.

Third, Nobel's great contribution.

Nobel, who devoted himself to invention and career, often neglected himself. He is devoted to his career, but he is often very interested in literature and labor issues. He has written poems and novels, and he is a man with a strong literary flavor! He claimed to be a pacifist, but his main job was to invent gunpowder, which made the damage of the war more serious. It can be seen that his inner contradictions and pains. He finally donated all his legacy as a fund for the Nobel Prize. There is no denying that he has made great contributions to this society.

His legacy is about 33 million kronor. From 190 1, the interest generated by the legacy is regarded as the "Nobel Prize" fund.

The award ceremony is held in Stockholm, Sweden, every year. On the day of Nobel's death, that is,1February 10, the king of Sweden personally presented the award.

There are many awards like this in the world, but only the Nobel Prize represents the highest honor in the world, and the winner can be regarded as having the supreme honor.

The Nobel Prize is based on the final Nobel Prize.