Film and television post-production editing

On the production and editing of film and television in the later stage

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With the development of science and technology, China's film and television industry is facing the impact of western developed countries, making China's film and television industry face severe challenges; At the same time, it also promoted the vigorous development of China film and television industry. Post-production of film and television is a highly comprehensive creation that integrates audio-visual means such as words, sounds and pictures. In the development of film and television production, film and television post-production and pre-production are equally important. Film and television post-production is the last process of film and television program production, and the level of production is directly related to the quality of the program.

First, the development and prospect of film and television post-production

From the fantasy world created by Hollywood, to the real life that TV news pays attention to, and then to the overwhelming advertisements, all affect our lives. In the past, the production of film and television programs was the work of professionals, and the public knew nothing about it. Over the past decade, digital technology has entered the process of film and television production in an all-round way, and computers have gradually replaced many original film and television equipment, which has played an important role in all aspects of film and television production. Film and television production has always used extremely expensive professional software and hardware, and it is difficult for non-professionals to see these devices, let alone skillfully use these tools to make their own works. With the remarkable improvement of pc performance and the continuous reduction of price, film and television production has gradually shifted from professional hardware equipment to PC platform, and professional software with higher status has gradually been transplanted to the platform, and the price has become increasingly popular. At the same time, the application of film and television production has also expanded from professional film and television production to computer games, multimedia, network, family entertainment and other broader fields. Many operators in these industries and a large number of film and television lovers can now make their own film and television programs with computers.

Digital nonlinear editing not only combines the advantages of traditional film editing, but also develops further, which is a great progress in film editing technology. Since 1980s, digital nonlinear editing has gradually replaced the traditional methods in foreign film production and become the standard method of film editing. In China, the use of digital nonlinear editing for film editing is still a matter of recent years, but it has developed very rapidly. At present, most directors have realized its advantages.

With the rapid development of film and television production technology, post-production shoulders a very important responsibility: the production of stunt shots. Stunt shots are shots that cannot be obtained by direct shooting. Early film and television stunts were mostly accomplished by traditional means such as model making, trick photography and optical synthesis. , mainly in the shooting stage and the process of printing. The use of computers provides more and better means for special effects production. Many special effects that had to be done by models and photographers can be made by computers, so more special effects become post-production work. Production of special effects shots-special effects shots are shots that cannot be obtained directly by shooting. The early film and television advertising film and television special effects were mostly accomplished by traditional means such as model making, special effects photography and optical synthesis, mainly in the shooting and printing stages. The use of computer numbers provides better and more means for the production of special effects, and also enables many special effects that used to be completed by using models and photography technology to be produced by computer technology, so more special effects have become post-production work.

From the above analysis, we can see that linear editing and nonlinear editing have their own characteristics, and both of them are indispensable in the later editing of film and television programs. To do a good job in the post-editing of film and television programs, it is necessary to choose the appropriate editing method according to the production requirements of the programs and the characteristics of the two editing methods.

Second, the advantages and disadvantages of film and television post-production and editing

(A) the advantages of film and television post-production and editing

1. In the later stage of program production, the work mode of completing corresponding operations according to the work order and program sequence is completely abandoned, and the editing efficiency is high. Program creators can adjust the order of materials at will, and can integrate images, graphics, words, sounds, stunt animations and so on completely. Incorporating into this liberalized creative environment, we can complete all kinds of mixing, graphic production and stunt switching in a fully digital way in one system, so that the creator's rich imagination can be fully exerted, which opens up a field for the post-production of TV programs.

2. When special effects are processed and multiple pictures are superimposed at the same time, it is unnecessary to make multiple copies between the materials. Therefore, no matter what special effects are used, there will be no signal loss and the image quality will deteriorate. Moreover, networking is easy and resource sharing can be realized.

3. The nonlinear editing system is based on computer, which integrates the editing stunt table, subtitle machine, timing corrector and switching table in traditional equipment, and the equipment cost is lower than that in traditional equipment. Because there are no complicated connections between many devices, system failures are greatly reduced and reliability is improved.

(B) film and television post-production and editing deficiencies

Like any new thing, nonlinear editing system has a process of development and perfection. Most nonlinear editing systems are based on PC platform, and the stability of computer system affects the stability of the whole system to some extent. In addition, although the data has been compressed, the system still produces extremely high data streams per second, especially for video stunt operations. Because it is completed by software and generated in real time, hundreds of megabytes of space is beyond the running speed and disk capacity of ordinary computers. When the computer can't meet the functional requirements, it is easy to make the whole system crash and paralyze. Some colors will be lost because of JPEG compression algorithm. After all, it is not as good as the uncompressed material on the source tape to transcribe the compressed material on the hard disk as the source signal. In addition, it takes a long time for the nonlinear editing system to upload and download the program material and complete the program output, so it is impossible to complete the pipeline operation of TV programs. Moreover, the storage of nonlinear editing system is easily limited by the storage space of external hard disk, and the storage cost per unit time length is high. If some programs need to be saved for a long time from the completion of editing to the review and broadcast, the produced programs will affect each other.

To sum up, both linear and nonlinear editing methods play a very important role in the later editing of film and television programs, but at the same time, we should also see their shortcomings in some aspects. Therefore, only by organically combining the two can the film and television programs be more perfect.

Third, the manifestations of nonlinear video editing technology

(A) the composition of the material picture

Composition is the whole process of digital art creation, and the technical requirements of composition must reveal the theme accurately and vividly. The intention of every shot and every picture should be clear, and the relationship between subject, companion and environment should be handled well. Through the lens configuration, light processing, shooting position and angle selection, as well as the color tone, color tone, line and other modeling elements adapted to the content of the picture, a perfect artistic form is formed, which produces strong artistic expression and appeal.

(B) the plastic arts of the picture

Realistic reproduction of real life scenes is a basic factor that a picture should have, which mainly includes four aspects:

1, the reproduction of stereoscopic impression

The reproduction of stereoscopic impression is the form of expressing three-dimensional space on the image of two-dimensional space. Three-dimensional modeling is a collection of lines and surfaces. Making full use of the light and shade levels produced by lighting can make three-dimensional modeling more obvious. At the same time, we can also use the perspective relationship between linearity and air to express three-dimensional space.

2. Copy the line outline

Contour refers to the edge feature of an object in a picture, which involves the boundary between this object and another object. A coherent and clear outline is sometimes more attractive than the difference between light and shade.

3, the performance of texture

On the one hand, the expression of texture should express the special attributes of different features, on the other hand, it should express the special visual sense of the subject surface.

4, color reproduction

The warm and cold feeling of the bright part of the scene changes with the warm and cold of the light source color, and its hue is the comprehensive color of the inherent color and the light source color. The cold and warm colors of the dark side of the scene change with the cold and warm environment. Its hue is a combination of intrinsic color and environmental color. Only by making full use of the characteristics of colors and allocating colors accordingly to express the spatial position and primary and secondary relationship of the scenery can we highlight the main image, keep the contrast background and make the moving picture both real and beautiful.

(3) Video lens assembly

The basic requirement of video editing is that the connection between shots should be accurate, smooth and natural. In addition to mastering the continuity of the picture, we should also make a correct judgment on the length of the lens, the moving direction of the main body of the picture, the change of the scene and the mastery of the rhythm. The basic principles of lens assembly are: 1, in line with the law of life 2, in line with the law of thinking 3, in line with similarity 4, in line with the principles of dynamic connection and static connection. In addition, the determination of lens length, the segmentation and intermission of the picture, and the mastery of rhythm are also very important.

(4) arrangement of sound

Sound can play the role of structure and bridge, making the picture connect smoothly. By rendering the sound and depicting the psychological features of the characters, it is helpful to set off the atmosphere and make the still face painting move.

There are two ways to deal with the relationship between sound and picture, namely? Sound and picture fusion? And then what? Sound and picture alignment? The former has a vivid image and enhances the realism of the picture. The latter mainly embodies the organic relationship between sound and painting, and applies the montage of pictures to the relationship between sound and painting.

Fourth, the discussion of editing methods in the later stage of film and television production

(1) In the production of film and television program titles, advertisements, feature films and documentary titles, it is more appropriate to choose non-linear editing as the mainstay. Because, in film and television program titles and commercials, a large number of effects such as multi-layer picture movement, superposition and transparency, fast and slow picture movement, special treatment of three-dimensional animation and color, and special treatment of subtitles are used. In the titles of feature films and documentaries, in addition to special effects, a large number of shots longer than 5 seconds are used. These requirements can be easily achieved by using a nonlinear editing system.

(2) In the production of newsreels, because TV news requires that the length of each shot is generally less than 5 seconds to increase the amount of information, special effects are rarely used in newsreels, and most of them are directly connected with the shots, and most of them use post-dubbing or real voice plus post-dubbing, so it is more appropriate to adopt traditional linear editing. Linear editing generally adopts component connection to reduce the loss in signal transmission and ensure the program quality.

(three) in the live broadcast, entertainment live broadcast, talk show, classroom live broadcast and other occasions, generally mainly using linear editing equipment. The main feature of live broadcast and live direct recording is that the response speed of recording equipment is required to be real-time, especially live broadcast, once started, it can't stop, it can only succeed once, and it can't fail. In this case, it is appropriate to use the traditional linear editing system. However, in the live broadcast of sports games, because some special and wonderful shots need to be shot repeatedly, linear equipment should be used in combination with nonlinear equipment to meet some special needs.

With the rapid development of information industry and the increasingly fierce market competition, it came into being and developed. The era we live in today is the information age, and the film and television media has achieved unprecedented development. Due to the development of global integration, the market has gradually disappeared from national boundaries and the competition has become more intense. Therefore, the film and television media has become the best way of publicity in the information age. With the country's emphasis on film and television media, a series of preferential policies have been adopted, which has given film and television media more room for development, thus rapidly expanding its share in the media market. Moreover, with the development of network, the demand for talents in film and television production has entered an unprecedented stage, with a geometric growth. At the same time, the huge demand of TV stations at all levels for film and television production has led to good employment prospects and business opportunities in the film and television industry. The development of film and television post-production has become an irreversible trend. With the development of technology, the nonlinear editing system will develop in the direction of high quality, full real-time, multi-function and simple operation, and its performance will be more and more perfect.

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