Photographic method of shooting scale

Also called frame-by-frame photography. It is a photography method that uses mechanical or electronic control device to start the film camera and only takes one frame at a time. Using this method, pictures or still lifes with gradually changing shapes can be displayed on the screen, thus producing vivid activity effects. Animation, puppets, paper-cut movies or mobile subtitles in TV series are all made in this way.

2. Degenerate photography

When shooting, the number of frames passing through the film gate per second is less than the standard number "24 frames per second?" Pang Chengpi only refers to (c) the constant speed of 24 frames per second. In this way, the activities on the screen are faster than the actual activities, and there is a phenomenon of fast action.

3. Fast photography

Also known as upgraded photography. That is, photography in film photography at a speed higher than normal (24 frames per second). Generally, the shooting frequency can be 48, 64, 72, 96 ... or even 240 frames per second. The motion process of the scene captured by this method can be displayed at a normal frequency (24 frames per second), and a visual effect slower than the actual motion can be obtained. It is generally used to capture some stunt models or make an action (such as high jump and race) appear on the screen in a slow process, so as to decompose the observation. In scientific research, the process of capturing moments at a speed of more than 10000 frames per second is called high-speed photography, which is different from fast photography.

4. Timing photography

One of the special photography methods, also known as time-lapse photography. This is a method of taking fixed-frame photos at predetermined time intervals using an automatic delay controller. In movies and TV series, it is often seen that flowers in bud bloom instantly. This is based on the laws of nature and the need of lens length, and the time interval of each frame is specified in advance, and the automatic controller is used to shoot frame by frame. When continuous screening, there will be a process of flowers slowly opening, which can reappear on the screen in a short time. This kind of lens picture, applied to science and education films, can scientifically and truly explain the process of plant growth; When used in feature films, it is often used to express the joy of the characters, or to indicate the successful end of the plot development.

5. Holding photography

That is, the shooting method of covering part of the camera's field of vision with a photo frame such as a hood and a hood. Some special photos can be obtained by holding photography.

6. Variable speed photography

This means changing the normal speed (24 frames per second). Upgraded photography and degraded photography are variable-speed photography. Its purpose is to show some special effects that can't be achieved at normal speed.

Step 7 insert photography

That is, insert a perforated baffle in front of the camera to shoot the scene. For example, some military feature films, the lens seen from the telescope, are shot by inserting an insert in front of the film to remove two connected round holes.

8. Micrographics

Photography methods commonly used in teaching and science film. That is, the microscope is connected with the photographic device, so that the image of the object observed through the microscope is recorded on the photosensitive film, thus obtaining the lens picture. It is a technical means to reveal the microscopic world invisible to the naked eye. Microphotography can record the activities of bacterial reproduction and growth, so that people can really understand various microscopic phenomena.

9. Shooting scene

That is, according to the perspective principle of painting, pictures, photos or models are placed in front of the camera to replace a part of the real scene or scenery, so as to achieve the effect of replacing the big with the small and confusing the fake with the real. Framing photography is simple and effective, and is widely used in film and television. Also known as "framing".

10. Close-up photography

Also called "macro photography". Photography in which the image is as large as the object or magnified several times. According to the focusing principle of lens yoke, the object distance of photography is shortened, and the image distance is lengthened, so that the camera lens is close to the real thing, and images as big as the real thing or magnified several times can be taken.

1 1. Aerial photography

In film and television teaching materials, aerial photography is often used to illustrate the geographical overview and general environment of a certain place. Not only the photography angle is high, but also the translation effect can be produced, which allows the audience to have a panoramic view of the scenery and is very artistic.

Aerial photography is generally selected in the morning or afternoon, because the ground scenery is clear and the light is sufficient in the morning or afternoon, and it is easy to receive better tone effect. If there is fog on the ground, use a suitable filter when shooting to enhance the contrast of the picture.

Aerial photography should pay attention to:

Discuss the flight altitude, speed and route with the pilot in advance;

Don't get too close to the shooting target. Choosing a high-focus lens to adjust the picture size can get better results.

12. Model photography

One of trick photography's methods. Using scaled-down or scaled-up models instead of real scenes or scenery can capture disaster scenes such as volcanic eruption, flood and earthquake damage, and war scenes such as warship explosion, car collision and plane crash. Model photography is widely used in film and television, which can obtain film and television scenes that are difficult to shoot in the field, achieve the effect of confusing the real with the fake, ensure the safety of photography and save money.

13. Underwater photography

One of the ways to film trick photography is to shoot it in the water. Photographers (elephants) carry cameras (elephants) with protective covers and diving equipment, and dive into the water to shoot directly. Underwater photography (images) can truly reflect underwater scenes, such as the life of aquatic plants, geological data of seabed and riverbed, archaeological discoveries, etc. Underwater photography is widely used in scientific research, military technology, sports and teaching.

14. Water tank photography

Some underwater shots in film and television textbooks are mostly taken in the studio by means of water tank photography (pictures). The water tank of film and television is like a huge rectangular fish tank. In the sink, all kinds of rocks and sand are arranged into the scenery of the seabed. Put a set board behind the water tank to draw various aquatic plants or other backgrounds. When shooting, put the camera on the front of the water tank. As long as you pay attention to the fact that there is no reflection on the glass and no frame brought into the water tank in the picture, the picture taken is as real as shooting in water.

15. Synthetic photography

One of trick photography's laws in movies. With the help of one exposure or multiple exposures, models, photos and pictures are used to replace part or all of the real scenes or scenery, so as to achieve the effect of replacing the big with the small and confusing the fake with the real; Or use optical, chemical, mechanical, electrical and other complex means. Combine scenes taken at different times and places in the same picture to create some scenes that cannot be actually taken. This kind of photography is safe and economical. Commonly used synthetic photography includes: scene photography, background projection process photography, movable mask photography, optical technology printing and so on.

16. Portrait photography

That is, using the appearance of film and television characters to express their temperament (modeling) photography. The shooting angle is directly related to the perfection of the portrait: a slightly higher angle can make the thin man plump; A slightly lower angle can make the fat man more delicate; Pat a little on the right side of the cheek; If the zygomatic region is too high, you should choose to shoot on time; If the bridge of the nose is too high, it is not suitable for silhouette; Face structure is flat, which is not suitable for forehand shooting. In order to fully reflect the characters in portraits, we should also pay attention to organically combining the close-range, close-range, middle-range and panoramic shots of the characters with the scene scheduling in film and television, as well as the plot of the whole film and television teaching material, and organically combining the atmosphere, spatial state, landscape environment and shots of the characters.

17. Wrong focus photography

A film and television trick photography. That is, put a prism in front of the camera lens to shoot. Due to the action of the polygon mirror, the photographed images will overlap with each other. Out-of-focus photography (images) is often used to show the vision of drunk or delirious people. Camera with wrong focus is often used in TV advertisements.

18. Infrared photography

One of the film trick photography methods, that is, a photosensitive film sensitized by cyanine dye absorbing infrared wavelength, takes infrared light as the light source. The infrared spectrum for photography is in the range of 700 ~ 1300 nm. When shooting, put a dark red to black color filter in front of the lens to filter out the ultraviolet and visible light in the sun, or illuminate the subject with an infrared light source. The photosensitive film is only exposed to infrared light and a small amount of red light, and then the positive film is obtained through general development. Because infrared rays can penetrate smoke and mist, clear scenery images can be obtained in distant view and high altitude photography, and TV is mostly used to simulate night scenes under the sun.

19. Multi-prism photography.

Based on the principle that light refracts through a prism, a method of photographing with a prism. Each plane of the prism can refract the image from the object. How many images are needed depends on how many planes there are on the prism. Generally 3 ~ 8 planes. The lens of the prism is embedded in a rotatable frame to adjust several images to the best position. When in use, the multi-prism should be installed in front of the main lens. Multi-prism is suitable for shooting a single object, which makes the picture have a magical special effect.

20. Perspective composite photography

This kind of photography is done on a special lens synthesis device. The working principle is that the light of the animation camera and the film frame-by-frame projector forms a 90 front bin. How can I help you? How can I help you? What's wrong with China? Lying and dumb? Female bear? What's with women staring at each other? Oh, milk? What is this? Do you agree with me? Hey? Nana? Is it an acre? Pet-name ruby Huang Bao? Hey? What's the matter with you? Fat car neon rice? What happened? aunt

2 1. Movable mask photography

Trick photography's important means, a kind of background synthesis photography. Usually, an actor's performance is shot in front of a screen illuminated by monochromatic light (infrared light, ultraviolet light, sodium light or blue light), and then the exposed part is covered and protected by black silhouette with the same outline as the actor's performance, and then any necessary background scenery is shot to make it a complete picture. Because the actor's performance and what happened in the background are filmed separately and then combined together, this technique is often used to express some thrilling scenes or unrealistic fantasy scenes in movies.

Also called "stop and shoot". That is, a shooting method, take a shot object to stop shooting, and then put another object in its original position to shoot again. When the film and television teaching materials shot in this way are shown, the original object will suddenly become another object. May Li Ai first used this trick photography method in Cinderella, which was adapted from a drama from 65438 to 0899.

23. Special photography

Unlike trick photography's concept, trick photography mainly refers to the methods and techniques of photography. Special photography relies more on shooting equipment, such as photomicrography and X-ray photography, which are all special photography.

24. Animation photography

The main feature of the photography method used to shoot animated films is frame-by-frame shooting. In other words, an animator needs to draw a picture into a picture, and the scenes and characters in the picture are coherent with each other. Then take these pictures one by one (frame by frame) continuously. When shown, these interrelated faces will have the effect of cartoons.