Architectural Style and Collection Direction of Louvre Art Museum, Guangdong Art Museum and Palace Museum

Edit this paragraph | Return to the Top Exhibition Hall Overview and Translation The Louvre is one of the oldest, largest and most famous museums in the world. Located in the north bank (right bank) of the Seine River in the center of Paris, France, it was built in 1204. After more than 700 years of expansion and reconstruction, it has reached today's scale. The Louvre covers an area of about 45 hectares (including lawns) with a building area of 4.8 hectares. The total length is 680 meters. Its overall building is U-shaped and divided into two parts: the old one was built in the period of Louis XIV and the new one was built in the period of Napoleon. The pyramid-shaped glass entrance in front of the palace was designed by China architect I.M. Pei. At the same time, the Louvre is also the oldest palace in French history.

The collection includes the statue of Venus, the Mona Lisa oil painting and the stone carving of the goddess of victory, as well as a large number of antiques from Greece, Rome, Egypt and the East, as well as ancient relics from France and Italy. The exhibition area is 55,000 square meters and the collection is 25,000 pieces.

The Louvre was built in the13rd century. It was the castle of the French royal family at that time and was used as the treasury and archives. But in 1546, the architect Pierre Lesco rebuilt the Louvre under the entrustment of the king, which made the palace have the style of Renaissance. After that, it experienced many expansions authorized by the royal family. After the turmoil of the French Revolution, the overall construction of the Louvre was completed when it arrived in Charles Louis Napolé on Bonaparte.

After the "Good King Charlie" built an important library and became famous, Francois I in the16th century began to collect various works of art on a large scale. By the time of Louis XIII and Louis XIV, the Louvre had a very rich collection. By the eve of Louis XIV's death, the Louvre had become a place where paintings and sculptures were often exhibited.

On August 1793 and 10, the Louvre Art Museum officially opened to the public and became a museum. Since then, the collection here has been increasing, not to mention the artistic tribute that Napoleon requisitioned from those conquered countries. In short, there are 400,000 artworks recorded in the collection catalogue of the museum, which are divided into many categories, from the artworks of ancient Egypt, Greece, Etruscan and Rome to the artworks of eastern countries; There are sculptures from the Middle Ages to modern times; There are also an amazing number of royal treasures and paintings. So far, the Louvre has become a world-famous art hall. According to statistics, at present, there are more than 400,000 pieces of art treasures from all over the world in the Roman Art Museum of the Louvre Palace. The French exhibited these art treasures in six exhibition halls according to their sources and types, namely Oriental Art Museum, Ancient Greek and Roman Art Museum, Ancient Egyptian Art Museum, Treasure Museum, Painting Museum and Sculpture Museum. Among them, the painting museum has the largest number of exhibits and the largest area. There are 198 pavilions in the Louvre area, the largest of which is 205 meters long. Obviously, it is impossible to appreciate all the rare treasures in a day or two. Therefore, if you want to visit the Louvre, you must first make a plan to visit six exhibition halls one by one, so don't rush to visit. If you have enough time, you can savor it; If time is tight, you can choose representative art exhibits to watch.

1. Oriental Art Museum: The Oriental Art Museum was built in 188 1, with 24 exhibition halls and 3,500 exhibits. These exhibits mainly come from West Asia and North Africa, including Syria, Lebanon, Pakistan, Iran and other countries. These exhibits come from a very long time, such as statues in 2500 BC, stone carvings in 2270 BC and clay sculptures fired in 2000 BC. One of the most famous is the majestic winged bull face statue (8th century BC). It once guarded the gate of Assyrian King Sargon II's palace in Dursharukin (now Iraqi Herr Schabad). These huge sphinxes came to France and experienced a tortuous history. 1843, a Frenchman, Paul-Emile Botha, discovered these statues and took all kinds of risks to transport them to Paris. Two of the statues were exhibited at the First Assyrian Museum in the Louvre in 1847, and the third statue survived the shipwreck in the shallow salt lake and was transported to Paris in 1856. The fourth statue sank to the bottom of the lake and was replaced by a plaster statue. The fifth statue is the only bull that turns its head to tourists. In the fourth exhibition hall of the Museum of Oriental Ancient Literature, there is a familiar cultural relic: code of hammurabi, which comes from Babylon around 2000 BC and has 282 pieces, carved on a black basalt with zigzag characters on it. Basalt is 2.5 meters high, with 282 fa in the middle. The characters in the upper part are like the sitting God of Justice issuing laws to the standing King Hammurabi, and the king thanked him with his right hand to show his respect for the laws issued by God.

2. Ancient Egyptian cultural relics: The Museum of Ancient Egyptian Art was established in 1826, earlier than the Oriental Art Museum, with 23 exhibition halls and 350 precious cultural relics. These cultural relics include costumes, ornaments, toys and musical instruments used by residents on the west bank of the Nile in ancient times. There are also broken walls, doorways, mummies and heads of ancient Egyptian temples in 2600 BC. The Museum of Ancient Greek and Roman Art was built earlier and exhibited to the public at about 1800, with a large collection of about 7,000 pieces. The collections of the ancient Greek and Roman art galleries are all based on the collections of the French royal family. After the victory in Italy, the French army led by Napoleon robbed many ancient Italian artworks and shipped them back to France, enriching the Louvre. Later, France continuously enriched its collection from various aspects. Sculpture occupies a dominant position in the museum, including marble, copper, ivory and so on. In the art galleries of ancient Greece and Rome, there are two most remarkable immortal works praised by the world, one is "the goddess of victory of Sumteras" and the other is Venus, the god of love.

The "Victory Goddess of Sumteras" was created in the 3rd century BC and stands on a stone pier with a height of 3.28m.. It is a headless statue with pictures of ancient Egyptian pavilions on it, which was excavated from the ruins of the temple on the island of Las sumter in 1863. Although the statue lost her hands and head, she can be seen spreading her wings in the wind and holding her head high, announcing the victory of a war to the world. According to research, it was made by sculptors to commemorate a successful naval battle in Rhode Island, Greece. The goddess of victory leaned forward slightly in the wind, and her strong chest was covered with a thin robe. She is strong, light and rich in texture. Although the goddess lost her head and arms, she is still complete and perfect in people's eyes. Now, the goddess of victory attracts the attention of thousands of people every day and becomes the most perfect work showing enthusiasm and dynamics among known statues. Venus is more familiar to people. She is 2.02 meters tall and was created in the 2nd century. She is a beautiful goddess in Greece, and I don't know how many admirers she has fallen. Every day, her surroundings are crowded with audiences. She is semi-naked, extremely dignified and natural, and is regarded as the most outstanding work to express female beauty.

It is very accidental that Venus can be collected in the Louvre. 1820, a farmer on Milo Island in the Aegean Sea of Greece discovered a beautiful god while digging. When the news came out, there happened to be a French warship moored in Milo Port. After hearing the news, the captain rushed to the scene immediately and wanted to buy it, but there was no cash. As a result, Venus was bought by a Greek businessman and was ready to be shipped to Constantinople. Seeing that the treasure was about to be lost, the French were unwilling and immediately sailed to stop it. There was a scuffle between the two sides, which caused the treasure to be damaged and the statue arm to be broken. After the dispute between the two sides, the local authorities in Milo came forward to solve it, and the French bought the statue with money and contributed it to the French king. In this way, "Venus" was transported to France, which immediately caused a sensation at that time.

3. Gallery: The comprehensiveness and preciousness of the paintings in the gallery of the Louvre Museum are unmatched by any gallery in the world. There are 35 exhibition halls and more than 2,200 exhibits, of which two thirds are works by French painters and one third are from foreign painters. Exhibition 14 to 19 th century works of various painting schools. Outstanding works include: Foucault's Image of Charles VII (/kloc-5th century), Leonardo da Vinci's Madonna of the Rock (/kloc-6th century), Raphael's Beautiful Gardener (/kloc-0th century) and Renan's Farmer (/kloc-0th century). The coronation ceremony of Napoleon I held by Louis David in Notre Dame de Paris (19th century), Chopin in Delacroix (19th century), Harman in Angel (19th century), etc. Among all the paintings, the most outstanding and striking one is Leonardo da Vinci's immortal masterpiece Mona Lisa completed in 1503. The Mona Lisa was placed in a hall in the middle of the second floor of the Louvre, covered with glass, which is obviously a special protection. The soft light around the glass cover is enough for the audience to see all the details of the picture. Mona Lisa, also known as Eternal Smile, is considered to be the first work that pays attention to psychological description in the history of western European painting. Mona Lisa is dignified and handsome with a deep and gentle smile on her face. That smile sometimes makes you feel gentle and intoxicating; Sometimes it seems to contain sadness, seems to be sadness; Sometimes it's a bit ridiculous. Although it's beautiful and touching, it's a bit inaccessible ... What's even better is that in front of this famous painting, no matter from which angle you look at it, her gentle eyes always look at you with a smile, vivid and unusual, as if she were beside you.

4. Sculpture Hall: The Sculpture Hall was established in 18 17, with 27 exhibition halls. 1000 exhibits, most of which are works showing religious themes, and some are works showing human bodies and animals. Here you can see the painted woodcut "The Head of the Crucifixion", "Jesus on the Cross", "The Virgin and the Angel", the Italian sculpture "The Virgin and the Child",/kloc-Louis XIV in childhood in the 7th century,/kloc-Voltaire in the 8th century, and/kloc-group sculptures in the 9th century. Treasure Hall Treasure Hall was originally a part of the Statue Hall. Later, due to the increase in the collection of treasures, an independent exhibition hall was formed from 65438 to 0893. At first, the exhibits in the Treasure Hall were mainly treasures confiscated from the royal family during the Great Revolution. Later, the museum organizers bought everywhere, and with donations, the exhibits were greatly enriched, and now there are more than 6,000 exhibits. Among them, there are large diamonds weighing 137 carats, crowns studded with precious stones, gilded statues of the Virgin Mary, furniture and decorative appliances of royal families in past dynasties, etc.

In addition, it is divided into five parts. Crafts 6. Islamic art 7. Calligraphy and painting carving art. The Louvre and its history in the Middle Ages. Art editors from Africa, Asia, Oceania and America | Back to the top collection features The Louvre is a grand palace in Renaissance style. From the16th century, Francois I began to collect various works of art on a large scale, and later emperors continued this tradition and enriched the collection of the Louvre. At present, the museum has collected 400,000 works of art, including sculptures, paintings, arts and crafts, ancient orient, ancient Egypt, ancient Greece and Rome. Among them, the most important three treasures of the town palace are well known to the world: Venus, the Mona Lisa of Leonardo da Vinci and the goddess of victory of Samotra.

So far, the Louvre has become a world-famous art hall. There is a transparent pyramid building at the entrance of the Louvre, and its designer is the famous Chinese-American architect I.M. Pei.

The Louvre, a world-famous art hall, was built at the end of 12. It was the castle of the French royal family at that time and was used as the national treasury and archives. Later, after a series of expansion and repair, it gradually became a grand palace with Renaissance style. From the16th century, Francois I began to collect various works of art on a large scale, and later emperors continued this tradition and enriched the collection of the Louvre. On August 1793, the Louvre Art Museum officially opened to the public and became a museum. At present, the museum has collected 400,000 works of art, including sculptures, paintings, arts and crafts, ancient orient, ancient Egypt, ancient Greece and Rome. 198 1 year, the French government carried out a large-scale renovation of this exquisite building, and the Louvre has since become a professional museum. Its art collection is rich in variety and high in taste, making it world-class. Among them, the most important three treasures of the town palace are well known to the world: Venus, the Mona Lisa of Leonardo da Vinci and the goddess of victory of Samotra. So far, the Louvre has become a world-famous art hall. There is a transparent pyramid building at the entrance of the Louvre, and its designer is the famous Chinese-American architect I.M. Pei.

The Louvre on the north bank of the Seine River in Paris is solemn and elegant. Louis XIV's former prosperity never seems to fade with the passage of time. 100 More than one Renaissance-style column proudly supports the long corridor. Since the French Revolution in 1793, it has changed from a treasure house of the French royal family to an art museum open to the public. Since then, art lovers and ordinary people have come here in an endless stream to visit.

1832 One day, a young man came to the Louvre. He spends most of his time in front of paintings by master artists. Rubens' passionate and colorful colors, the elegant temperament of the characters in Velazquez's works, and the beauty of the human body depicted by Goya's unrestrained brushwork are all objects he has observed for a long time. For six years in a row, the young man became a frequent visitor to the Louvre. Even the doorman is familiar with his elegant figure.

Twenty-five years later 1863, two oil paintings, Lunch on the Grass and Olympia, caused widespread controversy in the French art world. The female nudity in the picture is equally feminine, but it reveals the rebellious atmosphere of traditional art in a cynical way. The authors of those two paintings are Manet, a young man who has watched the masterpieces of masters in the Louvre for six years in a row. Now he has become an innovative painter. More than ten years later, Manet's Olympia was even included in the Louvre and publicly displayed as a collection for people to enjoy.

This is the case with the Louvre, which has trained many world-famous artists. Of course, more ordinary tourists regard this place as a temple to watch the world's fine arts. It covers an area of three hectares and has a collection of more than 400,000 works of art, including the paintings and sculptures of the Renaissance collected by French King Francis I in the 6th century, and the artistic treasures plundered from all over the world by Napoleon I during his expedition to the East and the West. Such as the sculpture code of hammurabi, which records the civilization of the two river basins, and the sculpture Carney, the goddess of victory in ancient Greece, etc. In addition to famous French paintings, there are also world-famous works by Italian, Dutch and Spanish artists, such as Mona Lisa by Leonardo da Vinci, Madonna in the Garden by Raphael and Slave by Michelangelo. The Louvre Museum is divided into six parts: ancient Egypt, ancient Greece, Rome and ancient East. Some famous painting schools and painters set up special studios to display their works. During World War II, before Nazi Germany invaded Paris, France, many masterpieces of the Louvre were scattered all over France. Hitler's fascists tried to take them away many times, but in the end they found nothing.

198 1 year, France implemented the "Grand Louvre" plan. I.M. Pei, a famous architect, designed a glass pyramid as the main entrance of the Louvre, which is in sharp contrast with the classical palace. At present,1500,000 tourists come here every year. Famous European art museums include the Taj Mahal Museum of Elmy in St Petersburg. Edit this paragraph | Back to the Treasure of Top Town Pavilion 1. Venus: Venus is the god of love and beauty in Roman mythology and the goddess of fertility. In ancient Greek mythology, it was called Aphrodite. Aphrodite is the goddess of love and beauty. Venus is called in Roman mythology. She is in charge of human love, marriage, fertility and even the growth and reproduction of all animals and plants. It was born in the sea and is famous for its beauty. Legend has it that she was born in the foam of the ocean, accompanied by three time goddesses and three goddesses, and came to Olympus. The gods were attracted by her beautiful appearance and courted her one after another. After being rejected by Zeus, he married her to hephaestus, the ugly and lame Vulcan, but she fell in love with Ares and gave birth to eros, the little god of love. Later, she helped Paris, the prince of Troy, kidnap Helen, the wife of Wang Mo Nereus of Sparta and the most beautiful woman in Greece. Ten years' war that led to the Greek expedition to Troy.

Brokeback Venus has become a well-known statue of the beautiful goddess of youth in the world. Marble, 204 cm high. According to legend, it was carved by Alexander the Great in ancient Greece from 150 BC to the first 50 years. Its statue was found on February 1820 next to an ancient tomb site on the Greek island of Milos in the Aegean Sea. This is a marble sculpture with a broken arm. It is a half-naked full-length portrait with a handsome face and a well-proportioned figure. The clothes slipped to the hips and the right arm was incomplete. It still shows the unique curvaceous beauty of women and looks dignified and charming. France bought it heavily and displayed it in a special exhibition hall in the Louvre, which shocked the world with its unparalleled charm. Since then, "Brokeback Venus" has become world-famous and a symbol of love and beauty.

Goddess of Victory II. Goddess of Victory: The image of the goddess shows the typical characteristics of classical Greek women: oval face, straight nose, full forehead, slightly upturned mouth and smooth chin. Look dignified, demure, dignified and slender, and the left leg is slightly bent, showing an undulating curve. She is plump, holy, gentle and simple, elegant and noble, full of the interest of youth and life, the perfect unity of soul and flesh, the harmonious unity of love and beauty, the natural unity of God and man, the universe of human beauty and the idealized symbol of human pursuit of female beauty. French sculptor Rodin praised: "This is real muscle. You can feel your temperature by touching her! " !

The head and arms of the goddess of victory have been lost, but they are still considered as masterpieces of ancient Greek sculpture. No matter from which angle, the audience can see and feel the majestic posture of the goddess of victory spreading her wings. Her upper body leans forward slightly, her strong and graceful body and powerful and huge wings soar high, which fully embodies the winner's majestic posture and triumphant passion. The sea breeze seemed to blow from before her, and the thin clothes vaguely revealed the plump and elastic body of the goddess. The texture of the skirt and the carving of the folds are amazing. The skirt flying backward and the spread wings form extremely smooth lines, and the wavy lines of legs and wings form obtuse triangles, which strengthens the forward trend.

3. Mona Lisa: Da Vinci oil painting, 77X53. Mona Lisa. Also known as LA GIOCONDA

Mona Lisa is a famous portrait masterpiece, representing the highest artistic achievement of Leonardo da Vinci and successfully shaping the image of bourgeois women in a city during the rise of capitalism. The figures in the painting sit gracefully, with implicit smiles and deep mountains and rivers as the background, vividly showing the painter's unique smoky "aerial perspective" brushwork. The painter tried to skillfully combine the rich inner feelings of the characters with the beautiful shapes. For the key parts of the portrait face, such as the corners of the eyes, lips, etc., he also pays special attention to mastering the dialectical relationship between precision and implication, so as to achieve the charm, thus making Mona Lisa's smile have eternal mysterious charm, which is called "mysterious smile" by many art historians.