All the basics of photography

All the basics of photography, many people in life are interested in photography. Some people will take photos with their mobile phones, while others will buy cameras. The results are completely different. If you want to learn photography, you must start from the basics. The following is all the basics of photography.

All the basics of photography 1 1, aperture

The larger the aperture (the smaller the number), the more light enters, and the brighter the photo will be; On the other hand, the large aperture has a shallower depth of field and the portrait background is more dreamy.

The smaller the aperture (the larger the number), the less light enters and the darker the photo; With a small aperture, the background will be clearer, and taking pictures can ensure that all the pictures are captured.

2. Shutter

The higher the shutter speed, the faster the action can be fixed and the solidified effect can be captured. The lower the shutter speed, the less clear the captured motion will be, and the subject will become hazy when exposed for a long time.

3.ISO sensitivity

Low sensitivity is suitable for shooting in an environment with sufficient light sources, and the picture noise will be less; Suitable for shooting with high sensitivity in an environment with insufficient light source, but the higher the sensitivity, the more noise there will be.

4. Focal length

The longer the focal length of the lens, the narrower the viewing angle, and vice versa. For example, the viewing angle of a 300mm telephoto lens is only 8, while the viewing angle of an 8mm super wide-angle lens is180.

5. Composition basis: trichotomy

When composing a composition, divide the picture into three equal parts with two vertical lines and horizontal lines, just like writing a "well". Putting the subject at four intersections is the most stable shooting position.

6. Composition basis: diagonal line

The diagonal line extending from the upper left corner to the lower right corner of the picture is full of sadness and tension, which is suitable for strengthening the atmosphere. The diagonal line from the lower left corner to the upper right corner is more dynamic and the picture is more powerful. The right middle position is suitable for calm and smooth performance.

7, color ring

From the three primary colors of red, yellow and blue, they can be mixed into different colors to form a twelve-color ring. By mastering the color circle, we can understand the photographic color matching, such as the complementary color on the diagonal of the color circle and the adjacent approximate color in the color circle.

8. Proportion of photosensitive elements

The area arrangement of each photosensitive element in the figure is 4/3 system, APS-C, Quan Huafu, digital back, and then various frames.

9. Shooting mode

P mode: after the camera automatically measures light, the shutter and aperture value are calculated according to the incident light quantity.

A/AV mode: Aperture takes precedence, users can choose the aperture size by themselves, and the camera will automatically calculate the shutter speed.

S/TV mode: Shutter takes precedence, users can choose their own shutter speed, and the camera will automatically calculate the aperture size.

M mode: full manual mode, users can choose the aperture size and shutter speed by themselves.

10, how to use the reflector?

When backlighting, put the reflector in front of the photographer to reflect the light from below, and the background light is unnatural; The reflector should be placed behind the photographer to reflect the light source.

1 1, shallow depth of field tip

When shooting portraits, if you want to create a "shallow depth of field" effect of "clear before dark", you should do the following:

1, select a large aperture.

Don't digress too far.

3. Keep the subject away from the background.

4. Choose a long focal length lens.

12, Portrait Composition

When taking a partial portrait, don't disassemble the picture at the joint position of the human body. If you want to take a close-up of your head, you should take your shoulders together, from the height of your eyes.

However, shooting other parts requires a slight elevation. For example, taking photos of the upper body should be taken from the waist bottom up, and taking photos of the head with the chest should be taken from the height of the chest.

13, Flash+Small Mirror Teaching

By placing a mirror or tin foil at a 45 angle in front of the built-in flash of the camera (as shown in the figure), the light can be reflected to the ceiling and then to the shooting object, forming a softer flash.

14, lighting mode

As shown in the figure, the function of each lamp position can be arranged as required.

15, direction of external flash.

The external flash can adjust the direction. If the flash is pointed directly at the subject, the luminosity will be too high, the contrast will be too strong, and there will be no stereoscopic impression. When that flash lamp is upward or obliquely upward, the light reflect from the wall or ceiling (commonly known as jump lamp) can be used to make softer light and shadow.

Basic knowledge of photography II. expose

Exposure in photography simply refers to the process that light enters the camera and leaves an image on the photosensitive element inside the camera. The size of the aperture and the speed of the shutter determine the exposure, while ISO determines the exposure speed of the camera. According to the intensity of light entering the camera, photographic exposure is usually divided into normal exposure, underexposure and overexposure.

Second, measurement.

In order to get the accurate exposure of the shooting picture, it is necessary to measure the light when shooting. Photometry in photography is realized by the camera's built-in photometry system and external exposure meter. Because the external exposure meter is rarely used, the metering mentioned now is mainly aimed at the built-in metering system of the camera.

What is photometry? To put it simply, the camera measures the light of the scene through the photometric system, obtains a correct exposure value, and then sets the appropriate aperture and shutter according to this exposure value. This process of measuring exposure value is called photometry. Taking Canon as an example, the built-in metering system of the camera can be divided into evaluation metering, partial metering, spot metering and central metering.

Third, focus.

Focusing is one of the important links in shooting. When shooting, if the focus is not accurate, the picture will be blurred, even after the later period, it is irreparable. Camera focusing is divided into automatic focusing and manual focusing.

Usually, when we shoot with the shutter half pressed, we often hear a beep, which is a hint of successful focusing through the camera's autofocus function. Auto-focus is divided into single auto-focus, continuous auto-focus and intelligent auto-focus according to the number of focusing times during shooting.

According to the focus range, it can be divided into single-point autofocus, local autofocus and multi-point autofocus.

Four, aperture, shutter, ISO

The aperture shutter ISO can be said to be the most important thing in photography. All the shooting is realized around these three changes. Because the knowledge of the three is relatively large, I won't talk about them one by one here, but only explain their respective functions, so that beginners can have a general understanding and lay the foundation for subsequent learning. The so-called aperture is a large or small round hole composed of a group of small iron sheets on the lens.

It is used to control the amount of light entering the camera. The shutter is equivalent to the curtain on the window in the camera, which is used to control the time when light enters the camera. ISO is equivalent to the light sensor in the camera, and its function is to improve the brightness of the picture.

The biggest problem with ISO is that the higher the value, the more noise there is in the picture. Therefore, it is mainly to adjust the aperture and shutter when shooting. The faster the shutter, the shorter the time for light to enter the camera, and vice versa. The larger the aperture, the more light the camera enters, and vice versa.

Verb (abbreviation for verb) safety shutter

This is mainly for hand-held shooting at ordinary times. The so-called safety shutter refers to the lowest shutter speed that will not blur the shooting because of slight hand jitter when shooting with hands.

The safety shutter is closely related to the focal length of the lens used. Usually, the value of the safety shutter is the reciprocal of the focal length of the lens used when shooting. For example, if the focal length of the lens used for shooting is 85mm, then its safety shutter is 1/85 seconds. For some inconspicuous focal length marks, the safe shutter speed should not be lower than 1/30 seconds.

Sixth, depth of field

Depth of field is mainly for aperture. When shooting with a large aperture, the clear range of the picture background is relatively small and the blur is serious. When shooting with a small aperture, the clear range of the picture background is relatively large. In photography, the clear distance is usually called the depth of field, like taking a picture with a large aperture and a small clear distance, which is called the large depth of field (shallow depth of field).

Large depth of field

The one with small aperture and large clear range is called small depth of field (deep depth of field).

Small depth of field

Novices often mistake the aperture size for the depth of field because they don't know the depth of field. Here is a relatively simple and feasible method, that is, when looking at the depth of field of a picture, you can look at the aperture value upside down, and you can easily distinguish the depth of field, such as F4 and F20. When the values are reversed, it becomes 1/4 and 1/20, and 1/4 is more important than 1/20.

Seven, the focal plane

This symbol on the camera is the focal plane, which is mainly used for focusing. For the sake of understanding, the focal plane can be imagined as a plane. When shooting, if there are multiple subjects, try to keep them in the same plane, so as to ensure that multiple subjects in the same picture can be shot clearly.

The seven basic knowledge of photography will help beginners to know their cameras faster. Seven knowledge points, each of which is rich in content. I hope beginners can use this article as a starting point for learning photography.

All the basics of photography 3 What is photography?

The word Photography comes from the Greek characters Ω Ω Phos (light) and Ω Ω η graphics (painting and sketch) or Ω η η graphics (painting and sketch). It refers to the process of recording images with some special equipment. Generally, we take pictures with mechanical cameras or digital cameras.

Sometimes photography is also called photography, that is, the process of exposing the photosensitive medium by using the light reflected by the object. Someone once said an incisive language: the photographer's ability is to transform the fleeting ordinary things in daily life into immortal visual images.

Photography, commonly known as photography, is to use a camera to image the negative, and print the negative into a single photo, which is permanently preserved one by one. But the image of the photo is static and silent, just to let people watch its characters and artistic conception, and then understand its meaning. I will explain it in three steps.

0 1 use of lamps

How to use the photographic lamp: after installation, the lamp body should lean forward slightly, mainly to avoid collision with the camera LCD screen; Remember to turn off the camera light when not in use at ordinary times to avoid power failure; It is necessary to change the cold and warm light in time according to the scene to adapt to the changes of the scene; Check the battery charge in time when using. If you don't use it often, you can take off the photographic lamp to avoid damage.

Photographic lights, also known as headlights, interview lights and news lights, play the same role in digital cameras as flash lights. If you want to shoot objects with dark surfaces, you must use these auxiliary light sources, otherwise it will affect the clarity of the picture and cannot be improved by post-processing.

Understand the basic knowledge of photography

In the basic knowledge of shooting, the most important thing is to hold the camera steady. No matter how well other photographic elements and techniques are mastered, as long as there is vibration at the moment of shooting, the quality of photos will be greatly reduced because of blurred images.

Although tripods can be used to reduce the possibility of vibration, most of them are shot with hand-held cameras, and photographers are often not allowed to spend time placing tripods and fixed cameras at "decisive moments".

Compared with traditional cameras, digital cameras require higher shooting stability. This is because electronic components need extra time to store information, which is often called "time lag".

03 post-processing

When it comes to post-processing software, the first thing that comes to mind is the famous Photoshop. It can be said that PS also appeared with the development of computer and digital camera technology. It is with PS that digital photography technology can be widely popularized and everyone can enjoy taking pictures.

The latest version of Photoshop CS5. Photoshop is one of the most famous image processing software under Adobe, which provides the most professional image editing and processing software, integrating image scanning, editing and modification, image production, advertising creativity and image input and output, and is deeply loved by graphic designers and computer art lovers.

Adobe Photoshop CS5 is the latest version, which can greatly improve work efficiency through more intuitive user experience and greater editing freedom, and bring great help to our post-processing. At present, there are a lot of tutorials about PS on the market. If you want to play well with friends in the later stage, PS is indispensable.

Photoshop is widely used, including images, graphics, texts, videos and publishing, and graphic design is also the most widely used field of Photoshop. Whether it is the cover of the book we are reading, or the posters and posters we see on the street, these graphic prints with rich images basically need Photoshop software to process the images.

As for photo restoration, Photoshop is also very powerful, which can quickly repair a broken old photo, and can also repair defects such as spots on people's faces. It can be said that PS has brought great changes to our lives, and it is also a professional photo editing software.

Lightroom is a graphic tool launched by Adobe, focusing on post-production. Adobe's goal is to make it the standard of digital graphics processing in the future. The interface and function of Lightroom are quite similar to the Aperture introduced by Apple in June 5438 +2005 10. Lightroom is mainly for professionals and high-end users such as digital photography and graphic design. It supports all kinds of RAW images and is mainly used to browse, edit, organize and print digital photos.