Brief introduction and detailed information of the four major film festivals in the world

The Oscar Award is an overview of the "Oscar Award". The official name is "Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences Award", which was established in 1927 and held once a year in Los Angeles, USA. It has enjoyed a high reputation for more than half a century. It not only reflects the development course and achievements of American film art, but also has a noticeable influence on film art in many countries in the world.

1927 in may, American movie celebrities launched a "non-profit organization" in Hollywood, named Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (abbreviated as A.M.P.A.S). Its purpose is to promote the progress of film art and technology. The academy decided to commend outstanding filmmakers who have made outstanding achievements and set up an academy award. After 193 1 year, the Academy Awards were gradually replaced by its popular name "Academy Awards", and its official name was little known.

The Oscar selection is only a local film award in the United States, which means the same as the "China Watch Award" in China. It is only a local film award, but judging from its absence of the "Best Foreign Language Film Award", it is not international. The definition of a film festival is a grand exhibition of film art and technological achievements from all over the world. Its main purpose is to exchange experiences, learn from each other and promote the development of film industry in various countries. Select the officially screened films and award awards or certificates to outstanding films and their authors (including directors, screenwriters, actors, photographers, composers, editors, costumes, artists, special effects, etc.). ). There are also international film festivals that only exhibit without awarding prizes. The film festival can be said to be a film exhibition, but the Oscar is only an award and has no exhibition nature. To sum up, Oscar is neither a film festival nor an international film festival. The three most famous international film festivals in the world are Berlin Film Festival, Cannes Film Festival and Venice Film Festival.

Oscar set the Best Foreign Language Film Award from 1947, and the 83rd Oscar Award for Best Foreign Language Film from 20 1 1 was Danish Better World.

Berlin International Film Festival Berlin International Film Festival, formerly known as West Berlin International Film Festival, is one of the first-class international film festivals in Europe. In the early 1950s, initiated by Alfred Bauer, with the support and help of the then Federal Republic of Germany and the film industry, the first film was held in West Berlin from the end of June to the beginning of July 2008.

The main awards include the Golden Bear Award and the Silver Bear Award. The Golden Bear Award is awarded to the best feature film, documentary film, science and education film and art film; The Silver Bear Award is awarded to the best director, best actor and actress, best screenwriter, best music, best photography, best art design, best youth works or feature films with special achievements. In addition, there are international criticism awards, special jury awards and so on. In 1980s, 30~40 countries and regions participated in and screened 200~300 films every year. The film festival is held once a year. 1978, in order to compete with Cannes International Film Festival, it will be held from the end of February to the beginning of March for two weeks.

Importance Berlin International Film Festival was founded in 195 1 the United States or, more broadly, at the initiative of three western allies. In the following ten years, the film festival established an important position in Berlin's cultural life. Ingmar bergman, Satyagit Ray, michelangelo antonioni, roman polanski and French "New Wave" directors Jean-Luc Gueudar, Fran?ois Truffaut and claude Chabrol all achieved great international success at the Berlin Film Festival with their films.

Since the mid-1960s, there has been an obvious stagnation period. 197 1 In addition to the traditional film competition, an international forum on new films was established. 1974, the first Soviet film appeared at the film festival, and a year later, East German films joined in. The political climate changed, and West Germany and East Germany signed a treaty. Since then, Berlin Film Festival has been repositioned as a mirror of international film production, making the film festival play a more important cultural and political role in the intersection and mediation between East and West.

Today, Berlin International Film Festival has become the most important international film festival together with Cannes and Venice. Its significance lies not only in attracting a large audience, but also in attracting many filmmakers. Nearly 3,000 journalists from newspapers, magazines, internet, radio stations and TV stations from more than 60 countries flocked to China, and only the open film screening attracted more than 350,000 guests every year.

The most important part of the Berlin Film Festival is the competition unit, with films from all over the world participating. After the competition, the international jury will award the main awards of the film festival.

Berlin Film Festival "discovered" a large number of film directors, and now their status has been written into film history. Winners of Berlin International Film Festival include Lena Werner fassbinder, michelangelo antonioni, Jean-Luc Godard, ingmar bergman, Sidney matt, claude Chabrol, roman polanski, Satyagit Ray, carlos saura, Ang Lee, Zhang Yimou, Robert Altman, John Kasawitz and many others.

China's film Fireworks in the White won the 20 14 Golden Bear Award, and the leading actor Liao Fan won the Silver Bear Award.

Venice International Film Festival, founded in 1932, is the first international film festival in the world, so it is called "the father of international film festivals". 1932 was founded in the famous Italian city of Venice on August 6th. The main purpose is to improve the level of film art. After the second session 1934, it will be held once a year from the end of August to the beginning of September for two weeks. 1943~ 1945 was once closed due to World War II. After the war 1946 resumed. From 1932 to 1942, the awards are divided into the best feature film, documentary film, short film, Italian film and foreign film, as well as the best director, screenwriter, actor and actress, photography and music. In addition, there are special prizes, comprehensive prizes, "Mussolini Cup" and "Biennial Cup". 1946 to 1948 Cancel Mussolini Cup. 1949 The Golden Lion Award of St. Kyle, the Silver Lion Award of St. Kyle and the Bronze Lion Award of St. Kyle were added.

Venice Film Festival has gradually formed its own unique tradition: focusing on film experimenters from all over the world and encouraging them to shoot films with novel forms and unique techniques. Even if there are some defects, as long as it is innovative, it will be accepted by the film festival. The purpose of the film festival is "movies serve serious art", and different slogans are put forward every year, and the judging standard is pure: artistry. In 1960s and 1970s, Venice Film Festival discovered a large number of emerging European filmmakers. Although the film it chooses may not be the director's best work, it always leads the development trend of European art films.

Cannes International Film Festival Overview Cannes International Film Festival (English: Cannes International Film Festival, French: Festival De Cannes), also translated as Cannes International Film Festival, was founded in 1939. It is the most influential and top international film festival in the world today. It is called the three major international film festivals in Europe together with Venice International Film Festival and Berlin International Film Festival. The highest prize is the Palme d 'Or. The Cannes Film Festival in France is called the 3S Film Festival because its venue has three characteristics: ocean, beautiful scenery and sunshine. At present, Cannes Film Festival is scheduled to be held in mid-May every year, with a duration of about 12 days. It usually opens on Wednesdays and closes every other Sunday. Meanwhile, in addition to film competitions, market exhibitions are also held at the same time. The film festival is divided into six units: official competition, biweekly director, a kind of gaze, film review week, new face of French film and frontier exhibition.

"The Cannes Film Festival is a vacuum zone that does not care about politics. It is a microcosm as if people can directly contact and speak the same language."

Jean Cocteau

1939, Jean Zay, French Minister of Education and Arts, proposed to establish an international film festival in France. Cannes was chosen as the venue because of its "sunny and beautiful scenery".

The 1st Cannes International Film Festival

The first Cannes International Film Festival was hosted by Louis Lumière, but it was postponed due to World War II. 1945, AFAA was once again asked to hold a film festival with the support of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Ministry of Education. Starting from 1946, the newly created French National Film Center also supported it jointly.

1946 On September 20th, Cannes International Film Festival, as the first important international cultural event after the war, was held in the old casino in Cannes. At that time, Cannes International Film Festival was a non-profit organization with a board of directors. And became a charity in 1972. Except 1948 and1950-Cannes Film Festival is cancelled due to lack of funds-Cannes Film Festival is held for two weeks every year; 195 1 years ago was held in September, and later it became May. 1968, Cannes Film Festival was interrupted due to political turmoil.

At first, Cannes Film Festival was mainly a tourism and social activity, more like a film forum than an activity. Almost all the participating films can win prizes. Years later, with the rapid increase of participants and new economic backing, Cannes Film Festival has changed its initial positioning and gradually evolved into the most popular annual event in the film industry. Generally speaking, more than 4,000 journalists from 1600 media attend the Cannes Film Festival every year.

The establishment of Film Market 1959 "Film Market" has increased the influence of Cannes International Film Festival. It not only provides a commercial platform, but also facilitates the meeting and discussion between buyers and sellers in the film industry. In the 45 years of continuous development, Cannes Film Studio has become the main market of the global film industry. Similarly, Village International, which was established around the Film Palace in 2000, has enabled more and more countries to promote their own culture and films and provide support for their own filmmakers and film industry.

Parallel to the formal nomination are 1962 International Film Criticism Week and 1969 Biweekly Directors Week. Both events have their own competition units. 1978, gilles jacob, then the general representative of the film festival, founded the "Caméra d'or" to reward the best films in the three competition units.

In the early days of Cannes International Film Festival, all countries chose their own films to participate. 1972, Maurice Bessy, the general representative, Favre le Bret, the chairman of the film festival, and the board of directors made a decisive decision that Cannes Film Festival would be the only decision-maker to nominate participating films on a global scale. This decision marked a turning point and was soon followed by other film festivals.

The film cornerstone 1998, gilles jacob founded CINéfoundation, and nominated short films and Chinese films for the global film academy, aiming at discovering and promoting new film talents. Since then, more than 2,000 films from various countries and regions have been sent to film festivals for nomination.

Following the concept of film cornerstone, the official residence of Cannes Film Festival, which opened in Paris in autumn 2000, also provided young filmmakers with opportunities to develop their own shooting plans abroad and encouraged them to promote them internationally.

In 2000, gilles jacob, the general representative of Cannes Film Festival since 1978, was elected as the chairman after Pierre Viot by the board of directors. Pierre Viot served as the chairman from 1985 to 2000, and became the president of film cornerstone in 2000. Since 200 1, gilles jacob has been assisted by Veronique Keira, general manager of Cannes Film Festival, and Thierry Frémaux, artistic director.

They strengthened the position of Cannes Film Festival as an annual international film forum. All kinds of film styles, genres and types are in their places. Whether through film screening or through enriching many cultural and artistic activities of the film festival: seminars, commendation meetings, ambassador lecture halls, concerts, exhibitions, etc. Its eternal goal is to serve the growth of film art.

To sum up, Cannes Film Festival is not only an ideal place for film industry practitioners to get together, but also attaches great importance to the talents of artists who promote film development. A few years later, Cannes Film Festival was famous for its balance between artistic level and commercial influence. It not only ensures a unique international platform for the films displayed, but also reveals and reflects the development and trend of world films while maintaining the concept of "providing film products for the broad audience".