There are several requirements for writing a composition.

1. What are the basic requirements for writing? Generally speaking, writing a composition is inseparable from four aspects.

First of all, we should be diligent in accumulating new materials (including new people, new events and new ideas) that can reflect the characteristics of the new era. Nowadays, society is changing with each passing day, and there are many news events that can reflect the essence of society, such as truth, goodness, beauty, falsehood, ugliness and evil.

Then, can students consciously pay attention and learn to absorb it seriously? This question is worth discussing by Chinese teachers! Judging from the requirements of the development level of college entrance examination composition, one of them is "innovation", that is, it puts forward one thing that makes the composition brilliant: the materials should be fresh; From the point of view that high school students must have a "Chinese social view", without it, it means that high school Chinese textbooks and readers are excellent, or it is possible to draw water with a sieve. Why? Due to the weak social awareness of the concept of China people, there is a lack of understanding, analysis and evaluation of nature, human, nation, country, society and the world. At present, many news media, such as newspapers, magazines, radio, television and the Internet, are closely related to our lives.

Then, as a Chinese teacher, we should provide conditions to serve students wholeheartedly in writing, cut and paste newspapers and news, collect fresh articles by ourselves, and organize students to read newspapers, listen to the radio and watch some life and social programs of provincial and CCTV. In this way, the teacher becomes active and passive, so that every student can consciously accumulate materials for the new era.

Over time, students' vision of social Chinese will be broadened. It is worth mentioning that students should not be allowed to read after class. Students are generally required to write a "reading note", including title, source, genre, length, author, abstract, feelings and evaluation.

It is particularly worth mentioning that the feelings and comments in the notes must be written by the students themselves, bold, individual, insightful and colorful. Secondly, the common writing methods and skills are accumulated and applied to the usual composition practice.

There are ***6 Chinese textbooks (compulsory books) published by People's Education Publishing House, each with modern and contemporary prose. Chinese teachers should carefully study the writing methods and skills in articles, often analyze with students why Chinese and foreign writers write well, discuss with students whether there are more "bright spots" in articles, and combine with students' reality to see if students can accept them, so that they can boldly use writing methods to guide themselves. For example, reading the first unit of the second volume of the full-time Chinese textbook for senior high schools (compulsory) published by People's Education Press, my students and I concluded that Blessing has a great writing technique, flashback recording; "Border Town" has a great writing technique, the psychological description of the characters (written through fantasy or dreams); There are two writing techniques in Lotus Lake: ① environmental description; ② A comprehensive description of the characters' language, movements and demeanor; The Man in the Condom has a great writing technique, that is, the cartoon method of writing people (using satirical cartoon method).

Teachers must emphasize that writing notes should be taken well, especially asking students to understand and feel consciously in their spare time, and urging students to apply what they have learned. Third, accumulate common or rare sentences and paragraphs with literary talent.

In recent years, students' expanded sentences, compressed paragraphs, imitation sentences, and changed sentence patterns have attracted attention in the sixth question of college entrance examination. This can fully reflect the necessity of gloomy writing language from another angle.

Of course, one of the requirements of the development level of college entrance examination composition is "literary talent", that is, students are required to use vivid words, flexible sentences, be good at using rhetorical devices and make sentences meaningful. Then, students must strengthen the accumulation of sentences and paragraphs in this area at ordinary times.

Chinese teachers should emphasize that it is not only a waste of time to extract the whole article, but also futile and even counterproductive; Only by collecting some literary sentences and paragraphs, chewing, studying and using them repeatedly can we achieve remarkable results and excel. Finally, strengthen your practice ability of "operating" to modify your composition.

At present, the general routine writing teaching is that students spend an hour writing a big composition independently, then the teacher corrects it carefully, and finally the teacher comments patiently. Of course, this has a certain effect, but often the effect is half the effort.

Why? Because a series of writing teaching processes are teacher-centered. If students are allowed to be teachers-evaluating teachers is not necessarily worse than the teachers themselves! Let them start by looking for typos, punctuation errors, improper words, ill sentences, opening sentences or paragraphs, turning sentences or paragraphs, literary sentences, meaningful and philosophical sentences, good materials with fresh breath, the center of the full text of the topic, the ending echoing the opening sentence, and the "phoenix head, pig belly and leopard tail".

Perseverance, students with poor composition gradually became interested, and the initiative and enthusiasm of the whole class were greatly improved. These "skills that are not skills" are composed of four aspects, which are interdependent. The key is that teachers should boldly let go, focus on students and arouse their enthusiasm in writing teaching; Teachers should start from the basic grade and persevere.

In addition, Chinese teachers should boldly write down the composition of water and use it to test the correctness of the theory.

2. What are the types of composition? Ten kinds of topic composition, narrative composition, propositional composition, citation composition and semi-propositional composition are required. There are many examples, such as 1. Material composition (1), text composition 1, new extension of old text 2, rewriting of old story 3, new material composition 4, writing story according to outline (2), material composition 1, picture composition 2, graphic composition 3, material composition 4, audio composition (3), abstract material composition/kloc. Assumption Imagination Composition 1, Time Assumption 2, Space Assumption 3, Role Assumption 4, Function Assumption "the Monkey King vs. Ouyang Feng, a small break stumped Dajigong, and the tortoise and rabbit played the rematch regardless of winning or losing, and they traveled all over the three mountains, five mountains and space in their dreams."

This is childlike innocence, this is childlike innocence. Cartoons and cartoons, flowers and animals, heaven and earth, legends and anecdotes ... imagine what you want and write what you want. This is "imaginary composition"! About imaginary composition, the Chinese curriculum standard says-"can write simple narrative and imaginary composition"; "write fiction"; "I can write down what I see, feel and imagine in an informal way"; "Use association and imagination to enrich the expression content"; "Stimulate students' imagination and fantasy and encourage them to write imaginary things" provides favorable conditions and broad space for students to write independently, reduces the constraints on students' writing and encourages free expression and creative expression. "

..... is really liberation, liberation, liberation again! Composition teaching has ushered in the era of great liberation, and children's exercises have gained more free space. Under this background, from the 200 1 school year to the 2002 school year, our county held many special teaching and research activities on sex composition teaching in the county.

Several teachers from experimental primary school, Zhaishan primary school and Tongling primary school also participated in three successful open classes of imaginative composition. All these have broadened the horizons of most of our front-line teachers and provided us with valuable experience.

Based on my county's teaching and research experience in recent years, my own teaching practice, and various online newspapers, magazines, papers and related materials, the author is delighted to find that imaginative composition is indeed rich in connotation and charming. Content determines form, and composition teaching must start with content, and imaginative composition is no exception.

The author thinks that imaginary composition can be roughly divided into two categories: material composition and imaginary composition. Among them, material composition can be divided into text composition, material composition and abstract composition.

First, the material composition (1) Text material composition This kind of composition is based on certain article texts, stories and legends, and it is extended and extended, so that students can use their imagination to expand, continue or rewrite stories. From the perspective of subject matter, there are mainly several situations: 1, the new extension of the old text comes from the text in the textbook, such as whether the little boy will come again after the little photographer I taught, what will the future of the little Red Army look like in difficult times, what if I am on the street in The Little Match Girl, and The Return of Uncle Yu Le published by Dongshan Island Primary and Secondary School Composition Garden.

2. Re-edit old stories, and continue to edit and adapt stories with familiar fairy tales and legends (sources are different from textbooks). For example, Chen Yukun, an experimental primary school teacher, taught a new tortoise-rabbit contest, Postscript to the Journey to the West, Journey to the West Today published by the composition garden, and the representative work of a 7-year-old pupil in Shenzhen, The Romance of the New Three Kingdoms, etc.

This kind of composition is often particularly attractive because of the old tune and new play. 3. New materials Make up stories according to the new materials provided, expand imagination, and make up stories according to tips.

This is the third prize composition of the national "Spring Bud Cup" directed by the author. The topic is a monkey, who likes to throw peels and stones around and doesn't listen to advice.

The animal kingdom held a "moral court trial" to educate him, so that the little monkey finally realized his mistake and was determined to correct it. Participants are required to imagine the trial in detail and expand the materials into an article of more than 500 words.

Follow Me, which was popular all over the country in the early 1990s, is a typical example of this kind of composition. Writing a story according to the outline has some limitations, but because of this, it is challenging, which is undoubtedly conducive to training students' imagination.

For example, according to the outline, write "Cloud Dolls Go to the Desert": 1, and Cloud Dolls Go to the Desert; 2. Cloud dolls see camels; 3. The camel asks the cloud doll for help; (Think: What does the camel ask the cloud doll for help? 4. The cloud doll helped the camel; (Think: How can Cloud Doll help? 5. Cloud dolls bid farewell to camels; (2) The material composition of the article is inspired by some specific things, and children's imagination is brought into play, and stories are made up to write a composition. According to the different items, it can be divided into: 1, picture composition, which is a more traditional one, like the "tree planting map" we wrote before.

It seems old-fashioned, but as long as the material is attractive, it can achieve good results. Such as comic books and cartoons, are very attractive to children.

The most typical example is Lenovo Rubik's Cube in the mid-1990s, which uses the combination of Rubik's Cube to string several unrelated pictures into a fairy tale and science fiction story, thus greatly stimulating children's creativity and imagination. 2, graphic composition Use geometric figures to play imagination, or use graphic puzzles such as ○□△ to write an imaginary composition according to the meaning of the picture.

199 1 year college entrance examination composition give candidates a circular figure, ask them to imagine this figure as a different object, and allow them to choose the appropriate foil to form a picture and write a composition. Some candidates imagine "circle" as a ball, balloon, etc. Some people imagine the "circle" as a selfless sun, while others realize many life philosophies from the "circle" and "cycle".

3. Writing topic composition There are several differences between topic composition and proposition composition: ① Topic composition only expresses the content of writing, while proposition composition mostly provides a central meaning; (2) The content of the topic composition can be related to it, and the topic composition is generally required to be closely related to the topic. (3) Generally speaking, the scope of topic composition is much larger than that of topic composition, and topic composition is allowed to draw its own topic.

The difference between the topic composition and the donor composition lies in: ① In the examination of the topic, the topic composition emphasizes "relevance" and does not deliberately embarrass the candidates in the examination of the topic, but the theme of the donor composition should be consistent with the materials; (2) Stylistically, topic composition plays down stylistic awareness. As long as there are no special restrictions, writing prose, poetry, novels and plays is allowed except narrative and argumentative essays, and the material for writing is often narrative or argumentative essays; (3) Structurally, the "material" in the material composition must be used. If it is an argumentative essay, the materials should also be placed at the beginning of the article as the basis for argument, while the materials provided by the topic composition only give you a range, and it doesn't matter whether it is used or not; (4) mode of thinking: most of the material compositions are "linear thinking", and the cognitive convergence of candidates is more serious; Topic composition is "divergent thinking", which can let candidates give full play to their creativity. Theoretically speaking, this kind of writing respects the creative subject more, and can better reflect the humanity of the Chinese subject.

What is a "topic"? The topic is "The Center of Conversation" (Modern Chinese Dictionary (Revised Edition), page 547). At present, there are three explanations for the so-called "topic composition": ① The topic only provides the starting point of writing, and the composition only needs the writing form related to the thoughts and feelings caused by the topic. (2) Topic composition is to provide a topic-a center-and not limited to the style of composition. (3) it is a form of composition proposition that inspires thinking, stimulates imagination and limits the scope with an enlightening language.

"Topic composition" stands out from material composition and is a regular form since the resumption of college entrance examination. Compared with the general material composition, topic composition has two distinct characteristics: first, the examination of topics is more relaxed and the content is wider. As long as you conceive around the topic, you can write as you like, which provides an extremely broad world for writing. The second is to dilute the concept of style. Candidates can choose the appropriate expression according to the writing content, and don't have to stick to a fixed style.

Topic composition has more freedom than general propositional composition and general material composition, but there is nothing absolute in the world. Several problems to be paid attention to when writing topic composition;

1, topic composition should break through the content barrier.

2. The topic composition reduces the difficulty of the exam, but we should take the exam seriously.

Step 3 make it bigger and smaller

4. When writing a topic composition, you should give full play to your writing skills.

5. The writing center should always have a sense of development.

6. Investigate the meaning of the revealing language and read the off-topic requirements and precautions sentence by sentence.

4. What are the bases for writing a composition? Here's how to write:

1, the learning goal of narrative

Through Chinese learning and writing training in primary school, primary school students should achieve the following goals in composition:

Writing process:

1: review the questions. Be able to tell the writing object and scope requirements of the topic, identify the topic accurately, grasp the main points of writing, distinguish similar topics, and write according to the additional requirements of the topic.

2. Intention: Be able to master the method of determining the article center and write the article center correctly, intensively and profoundly.

3. Material selection: be able to select authentic, familiar, typical and novel materials around the center.

4. The method of writing an outline can list a concise writing outline according to the requirements of the topic.

5. Start and end. Understand the role of the beginning and end of the article. Master the methods of beginning and ending. Be able to write a proper beginning and end around the center.

6. Transitional care. I can understand why there are transitions and quotes in the article and where there are transitions and quotes in the article. I can use transitional words, sentences and paragraphs to connect the context and make the article echo.

7. modify the article. Understand the significance of revising articles, and learn to master the standards and methods of revising articles. Can correct all kinds of mistakes in the article by adding, deleting and replacing.

5. What are the requirements for writing this composition? 1. The first thing to do in writing a composition is to examine the questions. Otherwise, it will directly lead to "irrelevant" and "writing a thousand words, digressing Wan Li".

How can I do well in the exam? According to the usual forms of composition topics, they can generally be divided into two categories: propositional composition and material composition. The examination of proposition composition is to examine the specific requirements of a given article to determine the topic, the intention of the topic, the requirements beyond the topic, and the "eye of the topic".

Through the examination of the questions, the content range, time range, quantity range, character range and place range of the composition are defined. Can't exceed the given range.

The examination of material composition should be grasped from two aspects: one is inseparable from the ideological content of materials, and the other is closely related to the requirements of composition form. 1. Propositional composition Below we focus on the examination of propositional composition and the problems that need attention.

Determine the topics within the content range and make provisions on the writing content. Therefore, when reviewing the topic, we should determine the content scope of the topic: remember who people should remember; Narration, what to say; What scenery people should write about; Things, things to like, and so on.

Second, the idea is to determine the theme of the article and clarify the central idea to be reflected in the article. The idea of the article is to have a foundation for refining life and try to reflect some fundamental things in life.

In order to achieve this goal, we must strive to be correct, centralized, novel and profound. 1. Correct conception is the basic requirement of composition.

We often hear that so-and-so articles are thoughtful, which mainly depends on the depth of the author's creative thinking. Generally speaking, the intention of our composition should be positive and healthy, strive to reflect the essential content of life, and have certain social universality.

In other words, the theme of the article should be recognized or actively advocated by everyone. Third, the topic of the article is to determine good things before writing a composition, just like making up your mind before starting to do something.

The title of the article can reflect the starting point and motivation of writing. Through the title of the article, readers can basically understand the theme and main content of the article.

The proposed topic of the article should be highly concise, accurate and vivid, so as to attract people's attention and interest. According to the needs of expressing content, the topics to be selected in the article can be roughly divided into the following categories.

When writing, everyone can use it flexibly according to the actual situation.

6. There are several styles of composition, which can be roughly divided into two categories: literary and practical. Literature and art include: prose, poetry, novels, plays, fables, fairy tales, science fiction works, etc. Practical writing includes: narrative writing, argumentative writing, explanatory writing, practical writing (letters, notices, contracts, advertisements, diaries, diagnostic reports, dialogues, news reports, program records, etc.). ). Common styles are narrative, argumentative and prose. We can start from the following aspects:

1, drama sketch. Writing drama sketches needs to focus on sharp contradictions and conflicts, and the time and space of character activities need to be relatively concentrated and field.

The scenery hasn't changed much. There are not many characters, but they are vivid. Topics related to family life and school society can choose this style, such as "family", "family education" and "friendship".

2. Communication report. The third volume of the new junior middle school Chinese textbook published by People's Education Press has two units of composition training, which requires students to learn to write communication reports. Taking advantage of the authenticity of communication reports, the article is true, touching and more convincing. This form can be used in all articles praising the excellent qualities of characters and reporting their advanced deeds, avoiding the monotony of narration.

3. Fairy tales and fables. Fairy tales and fables, through imagination and association, form illusory images of things reflected in people's minds in real life and contain profound truth. This can avoid the simple narration of general narratives and the boring reasoning of general argumentative essays, giving people a refreshing feeling. This form can be used for composition topics related to personal ideological quality, values and philosophy of life.

4. Dialogue and interview. "Keep your word" can show a person's personality characteristics through character language, and at the same time, the dialogue is free and flexible, and the conversation content is all-encompassing. The common forms are interview question and answer, face-to-face communication and telephone conversation. Many excellent short stories are also optimistic about this form. Social hotspots and controversial issues in people's lives can be written in this form. Take "network" and "small but big" as topics.

5. A new story. This form is often based on a well-known person or event, and it is integrated into people's real life to achieve the purpose of reappearing life. Most of the articles are full of fun and satire, which makes readers educated and inspired by laughter.

6. Alternative style. Alternative styles are seldom used in our writing, such as notices, contracts, advertisements, diagnostic reports, instructions, electronic announcements, etc.

7. What are the requirements for junior high school composition? Composition is a key and difficult point in students' learning process. In order to solve the problem that our students have no material to choose from, no words to express, no rules to follow and no revision, I will talk about some requirements for junior high school students to write a good composition.

First, the requirements of observation observation is a good way to accumulate materials, which requires us to be a conscientious person in life. Mr. Lu Xun said: "To create, we must first observe. ..... you must observe everything accurately before writing. " Visual observation of position composition. What problems should we pay attention to in observation?

First of all, observe and choose a suitable foothold. We can adopt the method of fixed-point observation, or observe things from multiple angles and directions. Different observation angles will lead to different discoveries and gains.

The second is to observe accurately and carefully, and pay attention to the characteristics of things and their undiscovered places.

Third, observation is not limited to visual aspects, but also to mobilize all kinds of senses, or smell, or taste, or touch, or listen, but also to think about problems.

Fourth, observation should be recorded.

Second, the requirements of accumulation Where did the writing materials come from-from the accumulation of bits and pieces. For example, if a factory wants to produce normally, it must ensure that there are raw materials; To cook at home, you must first have daily necessities. Otherwise, how can you buy materials when the machine is running and rice when the water is boiling and frying?

Many great poets and writers at all times and all over the world pay special attention to accumulation when writing articles and poems. Mei, a great poet in the Northern Song Dynasty, always carries a small bag with her wherever she goes, or plays with her friends, or eats and sleeps at ordinary times. From time to time, he puts a poem or a half sentence or even a few words in his pocket. Tang Dynasty, which accumulated leaves at the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty in China, and Pu Songling, the "Mr. Liaozhai" who changed the story from plucking the hair from Yan Guo in Qing Dynasty, are all examples that pay attention to every little makes a mickle.

Mao Dun also told people who like writing: Always take a pen and notebook with you, and you can always write down what you see, hear and think wherever you go.

So, what should accumulation do?

First, writing a good composition requires a lot of materials, but where do the materials come from? For us students, the material comes from study and life: people and social trends in the world, trivial things in life and experiences in study, a book, a magazine, a newspaper, or even a piece of paper, a sentence, a word and a word will all be our writing material. So read more, read more and remember more.

Secondly, we can use diaries and extracts to record the materials collected every day, and we can also use cards to classify them. In this way, when writing, we have materials to choose from, and we can choose the right materials.

Three, the accumulation of materials should be "ten for one", the more the better, so that when using materials, we can achieve "one for ten", the finer the better.

Third, put forward the requirements of the outline.

Cao Zhi, an ancient poet, "seven steps into a poem" and Shi Qing "five steps into a chapter"; And Wang Bo's article, first grinding ink and drinking, then lying in bed thinking, and then writing a chapter after waking up, it is not easy to say a word. Walking, grinding ink, drinking and staying in bed when these famous writers write articles and poems are actually the process of drafting and thinking about the outline. This way of drawing an outline is called "reciting".

Beginner writers had better write the outline of the composition with a pen, and then use the method of thinking framework and drafting with heart when our writing foundation is relatively solid. Outlining the outline has these advantages: first, it can help us to clarify the structure of the composition, which is convenient for writing around the outline, and it is not easy to stray from the topic and not forget the materials.

Second, we didn't have time to draft the composition during the exam. Writing an outline, thinking about the framework and making a draft with your heart are the most time-saving and convenient methods.

Therefore, beginners should develop the habit of drawing up an outline before writing.

Fourth, the requirement of revision is the last link of the composition. As the saying goes, good articles are changed. This sentence is really reasonable. It tells us to revise the composition repeatedly. What requirements should be paid attention to when modifying?

First, it must be modified with correct modification symbols; Second, we should start with the mistakes or deficiencies in the words, words, sentences and paragraphs of the article; Third, beautify the composition language; Fourth, we should refine the theme of the article and deepen the main idea.

Of course, it will not happen overnight to achieve the above mentioned things. For middle school students, we should start with bit by bit training and have the idea of "not afraid to write". Only in this way can we learn to write and experience the joy of writing.

8. Good requirements for writing a composition 1. Writing should learn to accumulate "reading thousands of books, writing like a god" and "a clever woman can't cook without rice". These ancient summaries illustrate the importance of "accumulation" in writing from both positive and negative aspects. "Usually rely on accumulation, the examination room depends on play", which is the same experience of the students in the examination room. (A) language to establish a "vocabulary". Vocabulary is the cell of an article. Vocabulary in a broad sense refers not only to the collection of words and phrases, but also to sentences and sentence groups. There are two ways to establish "vocabulary": the first is reading. Usually, you should read books, newspapers and periodicals extensively, take reading notes, extract some beautiful words, sentences and paragraphs from a specific notebook, or make reading cards. The second is life. At ordinary times, we should capture the fresh language in the popular spoken language and write it down in a small notebook or card that we carry with us. Over time, we can say it chapter by chapter and write it beautifully. (2) Strengthen the accumulation of materials. Materials are the flesh and blood of the article. Because many students usually don't pay attention to accumulating materials, they are worried every time they write a composition, or edit or copy it. The solution to this problem is to accumulate materials. Usually, you can take a video camera and tape recorder with you, observe life deeply, actively participate in life, and record your experiences in family life, campus life and social life in time in the form of sketching, keeping a diary and writing observation notes. When recording, we should grasp the details and the characteristics of people, things, things and scenery. The article written in this way is flesh and blood. (3) We should strengthen ideological accumulation. Opinion is the soul of an article. The center of the article is not clear, or the thought is not profound, which often shows that the author's thought is superficial. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a "think tank". There are two ways: first, be thoughtful. "One more miss, one more gain." Think deeply at ordinary times and ask "why", "what" and "how" when something happens. So you can see the essence through the phenomenon. It is also necessary to record the "sparks" of thinking and the conclusions of thinking at any time. The second is compilation, that is, extracting famous sayings and aphorisms. In short, the composition should be accumulated, and the three writing warehouses of vocabulary, material and thought should be regularly counted, sorted and classified to continuously enrich and expand. Second, to write a good composition, first learn to observe that Mr. Lu Xun emphasized two points when answering the question of "how to write a good article" for literary youth: one is to read more books, and the other is to practice more. Here, "seeing more" means observing more. This shows that in order to write a good article and master skillful writing skills, it is necessary to observe more and learn to observe, and observation is the necessary premise and foundation of writing. Russian novelist Chekhov earnestly warned beginners: "A writer must train himself to be a keen observer and never give up! -It is a habit to exercise your own observation, as if it were second nature. " It takes time to hone observation into habit and second nature, which is very useful and remarkable. Pay attention to the people, events, sights and things around you, and hunt for the materials needed in the composition: be interested in some seemingly insignificant but meaningful things, and pay attention to the cause, process and result of things; You should pay attention to how the plants in the campus flower beds change color all year round, and learn to get to the bottom of it and find out the ins and outs of these changes; You should go out, enter the society, meet more people, observe their words and deeds, think about some things, and integrate into your own thoughts at any time.