13 teaches you photography composition

Lead: Composition is an important factor to express the content of a work, and it is also a way to organize the visual art language in a work. Photographic composition refers to how to skillfully arrange people, scenery and things in the picture to obtain the best layout. At the same time, it is also all means to combine images and reveal images. Generally speaking, it is the purpose of composition to express one's thoughts and feelings through pictures and find beauty perfectly. Let's look at thirteen things about composition.

Any excellent photographic work is a complex unity of thought and visual art.

Let's understand the composition from thirteen aspects:

First, the golden section law and its grasp of the theme

In photographic composition, the golden section ratio can be used for composition shooting, which can better highlight the main object and make the picture effect more harmonious, so as to achieve better framing effect.

Putting the main body in the center of the picture usually seems dull, and the picture is easy to lose its overall coordination. In order to achieve a better composition effect, the photographer can use the golden section method to make a composition, and place the subject slightly off the center at the intersection of the golden section. It can play an important role to set off the main body in the picture with foil. By changing the position of the golden section line, four different intersections can be formed. Reasonable use of the golden section method to lay out the camera shooting scene can present a stable and beautiful picture effect. However, we cannot blindly use this composition method. When shooting, we need to choose the appropriate composition for different shooting scenes.

The golden section method is used to compose a picture, which has novel visual effects, highlights the expressive force of the subject and has a clear theme.

Two or three-point composition

The trichotomy is actually a simplified version of the golden section, and its basic purpose is to avoid symmetrical composition. Symmetrical composition usually puts the subject in the center of the picture, which often causes the picture to be dull and lifeless.

Triangle composition is also suitable for portrait composition. Place the main object at the intersection of the horizontal plane and the perpendicular bisector to achieve the effect of highlighting the main object and better express the idea of the picture. If the position of the subject is placed in the middle of the picture, then the picture will appear dull and monotonous; If the picture is filled with the whole subject, it will feel dull and the composition will fail.

In the left picture, the horizontal plane composed of trees is first placed in one third of the picture as the dividing line to make the picture stable and harmonious, while in the right picture, it is not divided into three parts.

Third, is the foreground in the picture important?

Foreground refers to the scene in front of the subject and closest to the viewer's vision. The foreground position is generally located at the four corners of the front edge of the picture. Because the foreground scene is closest to the viewer, its appearance is generally large, which is easy to attract attention and is conducive to highlighting something. Therefore, many pictures have no prospects, but in order to highlight the main body, put the main body directly in this position.

Foreground can explain the characteristics of the environment and render the atmosphere of the environment. A photography course that can beautify the picture and express the theme more deeply.

The foreground can also make up for the excessive blank caused by the sky and the ground in the picture, and can play a role in balancing the picture. We usually use doors, windows, railings, bridges, etc. Do a framed foreground, which can enhance the aesthetic feeling of the picture and make the picture more independent and complete, especially the decorative foreground has this effect; But also helps to focus the viewer's attention on the main body of the picture; At the same time, the frame can also block unnecessary clutter that hinders the protruding body.

In the foreground processing, the first thing to avoid? Looking forward to the future? Only consider the pursuit of form, but ignore the connection between the foreground scenery and the connotation of the main thing; Secondly, to prevent the foreground from destroying and dividing the picture, the foreground with too deep tone, too large imaging and too strong brightness will often affect the line of sight and become a visual obstacle; Thirdly, generally speaking, you don't need an empty big prospect, because it violates the laws of human vision. The general prospect is real, otherwise the sense of space and perspective will be relatively weakened.

Fourth, show beautiful posture modeling.

From an artistic point of view, the beautiful posture of portrait photography should not be deliberately put out, but in commercial portrait photography, the subject wants to see himself in the photo as the most beautiful and ideal self. In this way, in photography, photographers need to know the subject first, design the ideal shape according to their own conditions, and make adjustments to make full use of their strengths and avoid weaknesses.

The hand is the second face of the subject. In portrait photography, the emotions of the subject can be expressed on the face, and the hands can also express some emotions, making this emotion more full and perfect. In portrait photography, women generally adopt lively, romantic, exaggerated or elegant, complacent and other gestures; Male gestures are generally steady, firm, powerful or chic. In the process of shooting, the hands and arms of the subject should not only express their feelings, but also pay attention to the modification of the subject's body shape and face shape. For example, when the subject's face is fat, you can cover it with your hands, so that the photo can not only show the elegance and charm of the subject, but also beautify the face. When the arm gestures, the forearm is usually driven by the big arm, and the forearm tries to show the feeling of slender, slender, light and feminine.

There is a structural line between the left shoulder and the right shoulder, which is an important factor to express the picture space. In the picture on the right, the left shoulder arm is cut off in half, and there is still deformation, and the composition is dull.

Tip:

When posing for the subject, we must pay attention to starting from the feet, because only after the subject's feet stand firm can the center of gravity of the human body be balanced and the whole body be stretched freely. When posing beautifully, it is generally required to swing from the foot position first, which is conducive to the torsional changes of the main body and limbs.

Fifth, the difference between horizontal composition and vertical composition

Horizontal composition is the most natural and commonly used composition form. In the horizontal composition framework, emphasizing the horizontal line makes the picture inherently stable, which can highlight the horizontal connection between things, the horizontal arrangement of things, and the horizontal movement of moving bodies, such as the wide horizon, the calm sea, and the communication between people. Horizontal grid composition is also conducive to expressing the rhythm of ups and downs. If the cross frame is widened, the modeling force of the cross line will be strengthened. Vertical composition is also a commonly used painting form, which is conducive to the performance of scenery with obvious vertical characteristics, and often appears tall and solemn. In the vertical composition frame, you can watch the line of sight up and down, and you can connect the contents of the upper and lower parts of the picture. Vertical composition is also beneficial to express things that are far away. Often combined with the perspective of overlooking shooting, it shows the extension of things on a plane, highlighting the far and near levels. If the vertical composition frame is lengthened, the strength of the picture can be enhanced.

When taking photos of different scenes, different themes and different contents, we choose to use appropriate composition to create. Different compositions can obtain different image effects, so we should learn to use the horizontal and vertical composition of the camera flexibly to create and shoot.

The photos taken by vertical composition can express the urgency and tension, and the banner picture can meet the requirements of broadening human horizons.

Six, open composition

Open composition is another way of composition. Does the photographer regard the border of the picture as? The window? When you open the window again, connect the inside and outside of the picture into a whole to think, as if everything inside and outside the picture is flowing.

Under the control of this open mind, photographers pay attention to strengthening the impact outside the picture and emphasizing the connection inside and outside the picture when arranging the image elements in the picture. Its manifestations mainly include the following aspects:

First, the sight and behavior of the characters in the picture are often outside the picture, suggesting that there is an echo and connection with something outside the picture.

Second, it does not pay attention to the balance and rigor of the picture, does not require the image elements in the picture to complete the expression of the content, and even deliberately excludes some other elements that can fully explain the content of the picture, so that the audience can gain more imagination.

Thirdly, an incomplete image is intentionally cut around the picture, especially in the close-up and close-up parts, and bold and unusual conventional corner cutting processing is carried out, and the cut part naturally leaves suspense.

Open composition does not pay attention to the rigor and balance of the picture, but emphasizes the impact of the picture, giving the viewer more imagination space.

skill

Open composition, with its openness and incompleteness, greatly expands the vision of photography to express life characteristics, and also lays a real foundation for the creation of documentary photography.

Seven, the choice of partners

Accompanying body is the object that sets off and renders the subject in the picture, and forms a specific plot with the subject. It is the most closely related and direct secondary object in the picture. The cooperation between the subject and the subject can explain the content of the picture, help the audience understand the theme of the picture correctly and prevent misunderstanding or ambiguity. The foil can set off and set off the subject, and can play the role of explaining, limiting and explaining the subject. Accompanying body can also play a role in highlighting and deepening the theme of the picture. If there is no companion in the picture, the meaning of the picture will be more general, but with the companion, the theme of the picture will be deepened.

Can the stone companion at the bottom of the picture be incomplete by indirect treatment of the companion, or should the frame be regarded as? The window? Imagine the life outside the picture and the surrounding picture frame as a flowing and connected world. It can be imperfect in itself, but it can naturally make up for the missing part through association. In some pictures, the companion is treated in the foreground of the picture, so that it can be combined with the foreground to play a dual role, which can not only explain the relationship between the subject and the companion, but also enrich the tone level of the picture and balance the picture. The choice of companion in photographic composition should be appropriate, and it should be able to describe the character or explain the characteristics of events. The accompaniment in the picture is often incomplete, leaving only the part that can explain the problem. Too complete a partner will weaken the theme.

Eight, the choice of scenery

Generally speaking, we are used to dividing the scene into five types according to the imaging size of the objects in the picture, that is, panoramic view, middle view, close-up view and close-up.

Landscape is a relative concept, and there is no absolute rule to define how much distance is a close shot and how much is a middle shot or a long shot. In the composition of the scene, the scene on the right is closer to the camera, that is, the scene is closer. For example, the flower tree in the above picture is close to the farmer in the distance, the mountain in the distance is the distant view, and the farmer in the middle is the middle view. Of course, it is most common to compare the scenery with two or more pictures. The picture above shows the contrast between the distant view and the close view.

Nine, using telephoto lens to express details

In the scene of composition, the choice of lens creates pictures with different effects, such as shooting exaggerated and interesting composition with fisheye lens, the short-focus lens shows a more natural visual state, the picture shot with medium-focus lens is close to reality, and the picture shot with telephoto lens will be closer to reality. Each shot has different characteristics, and there is no universal rule. For example, the shooting feature of telephoto lens is that both horizontal and vertical lines in the picture are very good. But the effect of telephoto lens will compress the distance from the subject. Simply put, the imaging distance looks shorter than the actual distance and the depth of field will be shallower than other lenses.

The main body of the thumbnail is not prominent enough and the details are not obvious. The big picture blurs the noisy background and extracts the subject to be expressed.

Because of the characteristics of telephoto lens, telephoto lens will get much less information than wide-angle lens in the expression of the picture, but at the same time, the composition of the picture will highlight the main body, which is more conducive to the expression of the main body and the use of atmospheric effects to eliminate unnecessary details after noisy background. When depicting some details of things, the advantage of telephoto lens is to make the picture simpler, and telephoto lens emphasizes the subject with deep and shallow scenery, which makes the imaging proportion of the subject large and the perspective change small. For example, the lotus in the illustration, a large number of complex lotus leaves are blurred with shallow depth of field, making the background green, while the main lotus is the prominent subject, with more obvious details and just the right effect.

Ten, shooting a vast landscape, to avoid unfavorable factors in the background.

In the shooting of scenery, the method of composition is directly related to the quality of the final image, and the choice of background is particularly important in the process of composition. A good theme, if surrounded by a disturbing background, then even the best scenery will become mediocre. Similarly, shooting a simple background will become perfect and ordinary if you can't master the correct composition and segmentation method.

The combination of external elements is perfect and harmonious. The visual law of. The general prospect is real, otherwise the sense of space and perspective will be relatively weakened.

When shooting a large scene, you must pay attention to the direction of the light. Backlight shooting is prone to halo. If it is not for the pursuit of special effects, the appearance of halo will greatly affect the imaging quality. And the overall composition should pay attention to the cleanliness of the picture when shooting. In order to avoid this problem, try to avoid aiming the lens at the sun, let the sun move out of the edge of the picture, or cover the top of the lens with your hand when shooting backlight scenery, so as to avoid halo phenomenon. Because the vast scenery will contain a lot of information, needed and unnecessary, try to avoid noisy objects from entering the picture at the beginning of shooting. If it is really unavoidable, blur the object with shallow depth of field and filter it into the background, as shown in the demonstration above.

The problem with the picture on the left is that fences and rivers divide the picture, making it very fragmented. The subject is not prominent. The right distance is appropriate and the subject is clear.

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In the process of shooting, we often encounter a situation, because the camera has less built-in focus, or shooting moving objects can't focus, such as shooting moving objects and shooting cyclists, so we often can't grasp the subject and focus. If you can predict the trajectory of a moving object when shooting, you can focus the lens on a certain point on the plane where the object will pass in advance, and then press the shutter immediately before the object moves to that point. In this way, the object you are shooting is right in the center of the focus range. This technology is suitable for cycling, horse racing or competitions or sports along the line.

On the other hand, when the focus in the lens can't reach the subject you want to shoot, you can aim at the focus closest to the subject, lock it by pressing the shutter half-way, and then move the lens away to make a new composition. When you are sure that the composition is correct, press the shutter to the bottom, and then the focus will be locked on the object you want to focus on. This solves the problem that the picture you want to shoot is out of focus. Of course, if your manual focus is good, you can also focus manually.

Align the focal plane, lock the focus, and then compose the picture.

Twelve, repeat to form a simple picture.

In photographic composition, there are always some interesting pictures that attract people's attention, such as those close-ups, exaggerated and distorted fisheye shooting, and continuous and repeated composition. Repetition of continuous pictures will produce visual attraction, and repeated patterns will force eyes to keep browsing in the picture, or consciously or unconsciously browse from one side to the other. Different repetitive patterns will cause different visual effects, but they are all the most eye-catching without exception, making them jump out of other works. If there are one or two subtle differences in this repetitive composition, it will undoubtedly bring better dramatic effect to the whole picture.

When looking for material, you can have many similar things superimposed together, but if the overall picture is chaotic, then you can also choose local composition, look for it with your eyes, pick out the best picture from the complex scene and cut it into a simple and powerful composition. Such a picture will be concise, lively and full of vitality.

Repeated composition makes the picture concise and bright. Looking for changes and differences in repetition is more effective.

Thirteen, the big aperture emphasizes the theme

As a photographer, we must master the relationship between aperture and depth of field when taking pictures. It is not only necessary to control the amount of light to expose the depth of field controlled by the aperture, but also an important aesthetic function. In the maximum and minimum depth of field of the shot image, it is the physical limitation of the mirror, that is, the optical property limitation. However, within this limit, you can set the depth of field by controlling the size of the aperture and take creative photos.

On the left, you can get a greater depth of field with an aperture of 5.6, and on the right, you can get a minimum depth of field with an aperture of 2.8.

In all cameras, the larger the F value, the smaller the aperture and the greater the depth of field. Conversely, the smaller the F value, the larger the aperture and the smaller the depth of field. For example, when we are nearsighted and can't see clearly, we usually squint to see clearly. It is equivalent to a small f value, which will make the depth of field smaller and the subject more prominent. The following two are dragonflies shot with different F-value apertures. Under the same conditions, the two pictures can intuitively show the depth of field effect of large circle and small aperture. In most concepts, it is always thought that the clearer a photo is taken, the more comprehensive it will be.

The more successful the photo is. However, this rule does not apply to all shooting States. For example, when shooting in a shallow depth of field, the blur of the background gives the subject a more prominent performance opportunity, which makes the photo easier to catch people's eyes, thus making it more attractive and comfortable in all clear images.

Tip:

When taking photos with small depth of field, it is necessary to balance the depth of field to ensure the best effect. If you want to shoot a complete subject so that the subject will not be partially out of focus, you should keep it relatively parallel to the subject. In this way, the change of depth of field with the subject can be minimized and kept clear.