What are the main contents of real estate surveying and mapping?

Real estate surveying and mapping work

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Real estate surveying and mapping is an important part of surveying and mapping discipline, and its surveying and mapping results have legal effect. From the perspective of industry, there are the most departments and personnel engaged in real estate mapping and management. The theories, techniques and methods used in real estate surveying and mapping are basically the same as those used in engineering surveying.

China real estate mapping mbth real estate mapping? Don't call cadastral surveying and mapping a surveying and mapping discipline.

What certificates or exams are there for surveying and mapping?

Engineering surveyor, photogrammeter, real estate surveyor, geodetic surveyor.

Junior, intermediate, senior, technician, senior technician

concept

Real estate (commonly known as real estate) refers to the ownership of land and buildings on it. Real estate is closely related to cadastre. Property mapping is generally called cadastral mapping. Cadastral has geographical function, economic function, property right protection function, land use planning and management function, decision-making and management function. According to the development stage, it can be divided into tax registration, property registration and multi-purpose cadastre. According to the characteristics and tasks, it can be divided into initial cadastre and daily cadastre. Initial cadastre refers to the books and cadastral maps initially established after a comprehensive investigation of all the land in the administrative area within a certain period of time. Daily cadastre is to revise and update the dynamic changes of land distribution, quantity, quality, ownership and utilization. According to the distribution of land, it can be divided into urban cadastre and rural cadastre. The object of urban cadastre is cities and towns, and the object of rural cadastre is urban suburbs and rural areas. The former generally adopts the large-scale cadastral map of 1: 500, while the latter generally adopts the cadastral map of 1: 2000.

cadastration

Cadastral survey is a technical work to investigate the basic situation of land and its attachments, such as location, ownership, quantity, quality and utilization. The contents of cadastral survey mainly include: land ownership survey, land use status survey, land grade survey and real estate survey. Cadastral survey is the most important technical means of cadastral survey. Cadastral survey should follow the following principles: the principle of seeking truth from facts; In line with the principles of cadastral management; In line with the principle of multi-purpose; In line with the principles of national land, real estate and urban planning and other relevant laws. The procedures of cadastral survey include survey preparation, survey organization scheme and technical scheme, data collection, field survey, indoor work, inspection and acceptance, and results sorting.

Cadastral surveying and mapping

Cadastral mapping mainly includes cadastral control survey, boundary point survey and cadastral mapping. Its technology and method are basically the same as those of control survey and topographic mapping in engineering survey.

cadastrn control survey

Cadastral control survey follows the layout principle from whole to part and from advanced to low, and is divided into basic control survey and encrypted control survey. The basic control survey is divided into four levels, namely, level 1, level 2, level 3 and level 4, and corresponding levels of traverse network and GPS network can be laid. The establishment method of cadastral control network is the same as that of engineering control network, which can adopt conventional ground survey method, satellite positioning method and comprehensive method of satellite and ground survey technology.

Boundary point measurement

The boundary point is the outline point of the plot. The accuracy of the coordinates of boundary points can be selected according to the economic value of the land in the survey area and the importance of boundary points. In China, the requirements for the accuracy of boundary points are also divided into different levels, with the highest being 5 cm. The survey method of boundary points can adopt various survey methods in engineering survey, and can also adopt photogrammetry.

Cadastral surveying and mapping

Cadastral map is a map that describes cadastre and related features and geomorphic elements according to certain projection methods, proportional relations and special symbols, and is one of the basic data of cadastre. The cadastral map covers the whole country and has the characteristics of national basic map.

Real estate mapping

Real estate map is a special map that comprehensively reflects the basic situation and ownership boundaries of houses, and it is also the main result of real estate investigation. According to the management needs, it is divided into real estate framing planning (referred to as framing planning), real estate zoning planning (referred to as zoning planning) and real estate household planning (referred to as household planning).

Real estate framework plan

The real estate plan is the basic plan that comprehensively reflects the position and ownership of the house and its land, and is the basic data to measure the general plan and the floor plan. Sub-maps can be made on the basis of existing cadastral maps and real estate survey results, can also be made on the basis of topographic maps, and can also be surveyed separately. In the sub-map, the main cadastral elements and real estate elements are: control points, administrative boundaries, parcel boundaries, houses, ancillary facilities and housing maintenance objects, parcel number, building number, property right number, house number, house nature, structure, floor number, house use and land classification.

Divided plot

The clan map is the basic map for drawing the attached drawings of the property right certificate. Parcel map is a local map of parcel map, and its coordinate system is consistent with that of parcel map. The scale can be selected between1:1:11000 according to the size and needs of the parcel map, and can be drawn on polyester film or selected from other drawings. The general requirement of surveying and mapping accuracy of parcel map is that the point error of feature points in parcel map relative to adjacent control points should not exceed 0.5 mm.

Home map

The household map is a local map drawn on the basis of the clan map. It takes one owner as a unit, indicating the detailed map within the scope of housing ownership, so as to clarify the ownership boundaries of adjacent houses in different properties for the use of the attached drawings for issuing housing property certificates.

Area measurement

The land area in cadastral survey is a multi-level horizontal area calculation. Such as total area, map area, neighborhood area, parcel area, various utilization classification areas, and land area summary of administrative areas. There are two methods to measure land area, namely analytical method and graphical method.

Analytical method is a method to calculate the area according to the measured value, mainly coordinate method, that is, the area of the plot is calculated according to the coordinates of the inflection point of the plot boundary. Its coordinates can be directly measured in the field, and can also be obtained from the existing map by graphics. The accuracy of the area depends on the accuracy of the coordinates. When the block is irregular and even some sections are curved, you can add inflection points and measure its coordinates. The more encrypted points on the curve, the closer to the curve, and the closer the calculated area is to the actual area.

Change measurement

Change survey includes cadastral change survey, daily cadastral survey, boundary change survey and boundary recovery and identification.

Cadastral change survey

Cadastral change survey refers to the change survey on the ownership, location, quantity, quality and land use status of land and its attachments after the initial cadastral survey and measurement are completed, in order to meet the needs of daily cadastral survey and maintain the current situation of cadastral data. The content of cadastral change is mainly the change of parcel information, including the change of parcel boundary information and the change of parcel boundary information. Cadastral change investigation includes cadastral change application, cadastral change investigation preparation, cadastral change factor investigation and change registration. After the change investigation, we should follow the principle of replacing low-precision data with high-precision data and replacing old data with current data, and make corresponding changes to relevant cadastral data, including parcel number, boundary point number, parcel sketch, cadastral survey, cadastral map, parcel map and its area, as well as the structure, floor and building area of houses, so as to realize consistency, standardization and order among local cadastral data. After the above cadastral change is completed, you can go through the formalities of real estate change, fill in the change notes on the land registration card or real estate registration card, and then renew the land certificate or real estate license.

Daily cadastral survey

Daily cadastral survey is mainly aimed at unregistered land or real estate. The contents include: putting piles at boundary points and making clan maps during land transfer; Cadastral survey in real estate registration and certification; Housing pre-sale survey and housing reform survey; Engineering detection line; Completion acceptance measurement; Boundary survey and house investigation in land requisition and demolition.

Boundary change measurement

Boundary change investigation is a surveying and mapping work to determine the boundary, parcel shape, area and use of the changed land in the process of boundary change investigation. The boundary change survey includes the boundary change survey and the boundary change survey without changing the boundary, which can be divided into two situations: the original boundary point has coordinates and the original boundary point has no coordinates. It includes two steps: boundary point inspection and change measurement.

Restoration and determination of border locations

The boundary pillar is buried at the boundary point. If boundary markers are displaced or damaged due to man-made or natural factors, they shall be restored in time. The lofting methods for restoring boundary points are the same as those in engineering survey, including rectangular coordinate method, polar coordinate method and various intersection methods.

According to the coordinate results of cadastral map or boundary points, the survey to determine whether the land boundary is correct in the field is called boundary identification. It is usually done when there is a problem in the field boundary or when there is a dispute between the two sides. If there are coordinate results and cadastral control points, coordinate lofting can be used for identification. After the investigation results are verified, they shall be reported to the land authorities for examination and filing.

Development history

China, Egypt, Greece, Rome and other ancient civilizations have ancient cadastral records. At that time, cadastre was a kind of tax book with land as the object, and it was also the stage of tax book. /kloc-in the 0/8th century, land use became more diversified, and agricultural, industrial and residential land types appeared. With the development of surveying and mapping technology, it is possible to accurately locate, calculate the area and describe the plot. The contents of cadastre include the ownership, location, quantity and utilization category of land and its attachments. /kloc-in the 9th century, there was a shortage of urban land, and land transactions flourished, resulting in the requirement of legal protection of property rights. Cadastral undertook the task of property rights protection, resulting in real estate cadastre. In the 20th century, due to factors such as population growth and industrialization, cadastre involves real estate management, land development and consolidation, legal protection, property tax and other planning and government decisions, thus forming a multi-purpose cadastre. [ 1]?