What is Henry James' life like?

Henry James was born in new york, USA on April 1843. My grandfather is a millionaire, my father is a religious philosopher, and my brother william james is a famous American philosopher and psychologist. He grew up in a well-educated family and admired the ancient European civilization. He traveled between Europe and America since childhood and settled in London from 65438 to 0875. 19 15 because the United States did not participate in the world war for some time, it became a British citizen. 1965438+ died in London on February 28th, 2006.

James has been a tutor since he was a child. From 1862 to 1864, he studied at Harvard Law School and met the famous realistic novelist Di Wei Howells. From 65438 to 0864, he began to write literary criticism and short stories. From 1875 to 1876, I met famous writers Turgenev, Mo Bosang, Flaubert, Dude, Zola, and English writer Luo Lu Stevenson. Because of his disability, he could not serve in the civil war. He has been writing diligently for a long time, and his works are numerous. 19 1 1 received an honorary degree from Harvard University, and 19 12 received an honorary doctorate in literature from Oxford University. 19 16 The British government awarded him the highest civilian medal.

James's main work is novels, and he also wrote many literary reviews, travel notes, biographies and plays. Starting from 1905, he carefully revised his Complete Works (new york Edition) in three years, with 26 volumes (1907~ 19 17) and an important preface of 18, which discussed the theme and details. Early multi-volume collections include The Story of Henry James in London (14) and The Complete Works of London (1915 ~19) and The Complete Works of London (192). How the sins of adults affect and destroy pure and intelligent children; The contradiction between matter and spirit; The loneliness of artists; Life of writers and artists, etc. This shows the writer's strong interest in personal moral quality, which is the humanistic tendency of intellectuals with profound cultural education, rather than the familiar humanitarian sympathy for the poor. The author praises beautiful and upright moral character, and puts personal quality above material interests and even cultural education. Personal qualities and the interests of others are above everything else. Many of his novels praise the heroine who is pure, generous and easy to commit herself to others and be deceived (Portrait of a Lady, Wing of a Dove, Golden Bowl). "The Treasure of Boeing Town" typically reflects this idea. The heroine is a poor orphan. Because of her high taste, she was designated as the heir to the treasure, but she despised material interests, faithfully protected the happiness of her son who knew nothing about the treasure and gave up everything. Education and appreciation are not the highest values, and the author praises the heroine's "free spirit" that is not bound by material interests. Between vulgar interests and cultural education, he prefers cultural education; But between cultural education and "free spirit", he prefers "free spirit". Europeans with deep cultural education but complicated and dark psychology are not as good as Americans who are simple, generous and credulous in the author's mind, which is the theme that the author often deals with.

The author's important novels include An American (1876, 1877), A Portrait of a Lady (188 1) and The Bostonians (1885 ~/kloc-). The Treasure of Boeing Town (1896), What Does Messi Know (1897), Immature Youth (1899), Holy Spring (190 1) and others.

Isabel, the heroine of The Portrait of a Lady, turned down the pursuit of an American capitalist and an English earl, but took a fancy to Osmont, an American "art connoisseur" living in Italy. After getting married, she found herself cheated. It turns out that osmond married her because she took a fancy to her inheritance. However, she was not discouraged, but lived "proudly".

Millie, another pure and generous girl written in "Dove Wings", also fell into the trap of Europeans. Her goal in life is to be generous and give everything to herself. Although she finally found the trap, she didn't complain about the man she had given her love, and finally won his love, letting him know how the wings of the dove representing love blessed him.

The content of The Messenger is slightly different. It says that the son of an industrial tycoon in a small town in the eastern United States was fascinated by his mistress in Paris, and his mother sent people from his hometown to Europe to persuade his son to go home and inherit the family business. At this time, my son is no longer a rude boy in the past. Under the influence of his mistress, he is elegant and gentle. So the messenger fully supported his mistress to leave him in Paris, thinking that his life was much richer now than when he was in his hometown, and earnestly told him to make it richer. This went against his mother's wishes, so she sent several other special personnel to Paris, including a beautiful girl who could attract her son, who actually wanted to obey his mother's wishes, and the second group of special personnel seemed to be able to complete the task.

The author's famous short stories include daisy miller (1878), Aspen's Legacy (1888), Real Goods (1890), Pupils (1892) and turn of the screw. Daisy miller is one of the most popular early works. It describes the bad luck of an American girl in Europe and focuses on the contradiction between European fashion and American customs. Americans who have lived in Europe for a long time embody the European style. They can't accept the daughter of a vulgar but kind-hearted businessman like Daisy. The author tries to make a fair evaluation of the so-called moral education. Wentworth, an American young man who loves Daisy and lives in Europe, never takes "public opinion" seriously, which reflects the author's point of view. The novel is fluent in words, which is the style of early works.

The content of "Beast of the Jungle" is very different from the writing style and early works, and the theme is similar to that of "Express". In The Messenger, the protagonist urges young people to live a full life, so that their lives can be enriched and enriched. In The Beast of the Jungle, the hero wasted his time in too much consideration and weighing right and wrong, and missed the warm and sincere love. He restrained egocentrism, but he was still bound by egocentrism. The author reveals the ultimate weakness and powerlessness of a highly educated and sentimental man. The style of this novel is very complicated, with long sentences, adverbs, metaphors, guessing dialogues and ambiguities.

James has written many insightful commentary articles involving British, American and French writers, such as George Eliot, Stevenson, anthony trollope, Hawthorne, Emerson, Balzac, george sand and Turgenev. The anthology includes French poets and novelists (1878), a set of incomplete portraits (888), feelings and comments (1908), novelists' short comments (19 14), notes and comments (. His travel notes include Sketch of the Other Side of the Atlantic (1875), Scenery where I have been (1883), A Little Tour in France (1885), When I was in England (1905) and Three autobiographies: childhood and others (19 13), children (19 14), middle-aged (19 17).

James was once praised by British novelist Joseph Conrad as "a historian who described a beautiful conscience", but his lack of profound understanding of politics and society and his occasional dabbling also reflected his conservative thoughts. He even satirized and mocked the progressive democratic movement. He ignored the social roots of moral quality and seldom described the social environment. Although he has a deep understanding of the upper class and is often critical, he knows little about the lower class and has a lot of spiritual aristocratic prejudice against people and things. His writing style is consistent with his ideological realm; Especially in later works, sentences are often long and complicated, and adverbs are used extensively to reflect the depth of thoughts and feelings carefully, accurately and appropriately. He has many innovations in artistic techniques, such as the so-called "angle" method, that is, he thinks that a writer can't know everything, and he can only tell stories and spread the plot through the "angle" of an insightful character in his works.

James's novels emphasize psychoanalysis and novel structure. Almost all his novels are a structure: that is, there must be a key point where all the clues are unfolded; And these clues are not directly carried out, and the focus is on the center. Clues are circles, and many circles are scattered around that focus. At the end of the novel, James explores and reflects on the moral, ethical and emotional factors involved in the central issue of the novel. James is highly respected in the bourgeois literary world and is called "the master of novel art".