How to become a mountaineering leader

The leader of the mountaineering team is the decisive key to the quality, discipline and success of mountaineering activities. Because the team leader is the core of the team, the representative of the soul and the owner of the team. A good team leader can make his teammates finish their mountaineering trip safely and happily, and also enrich their spiritual life. Team leaders are like parents. If he plays well, his children will be happy and his family will be happy. On the contrary, his children will degenerate and be sloppy, which is likely to lead to family tragedy. This shows the importance of a team leader. Therefore, a team leader must have the concept of "I will take a person up the mountain intact, let him complete this mountaineering journey happily, fully and safely, and take him down the mountain intact". The premise of this concept is to work under the leadership of the mountain and the measures and disposal of contingency on the mountain. When we say "team leader", we mainly include these two major items. Now the author expounds his personal four-year mountaineering experience and his experience in participating in the team leader's work for the reference of later generations.

Yamashita operation

First, take a notebook with you.

Because the group leader's homework is complicated, the human brain is not a computer, so it can input and output. You should record what you think and do one by one, and make a memo at any time to avoid negligence. After going up the mountain, I found something missing, or when I arrived at the entrance of the mountain, I forgot to handle the pass and forgot to bring my ID card.

Second, the acquisition and collection of information and maps

Understand the general situation and ridge trend of the whole mountain area, and then distinguish between the mass line and the hard line? Is it a short distance or a long distance to walk vertically? And analyze the nature of the team (that is, what is the goal of this mountain trip? ) Is it for training or pleasure? Then arrange the itinerary and post a list of activities to recruit.

Three. Travel, personnel and funds

The number of days is a one-day round trip, a short journey of three to five days, and a long journey of more than seven days, that is, a team with a seven-day trip can only walk for ten days.

The trip a few days ago has to be slowed down, because I just entered the mountainous area from the flat, the height and environment have not adapted, and the food has not been consumed. Everyone has a heavy burden. If the schedule is too tight, it is likely to drag the team down at once. The team's morale is low, which in turn affects the future trip. The factors to be considered in camping sites are water source, shelter from the wind, flatness, etc. If there is a shelter, we should make good use of it.

If there are too many short-distance and popular routes in Xian Yi, people of all ages should be responsible at different levels, that is, organize them into several groups and set up a team leader to work. The hard long-distance route is based on the principle of ten people (eight men and two women or seven men and three women) and twelve people (eight men and four women or nine men and three women). Too many people will delay the queue, and too few people can't take care of each other. The training team is not limited to this, but it should be based on the principle that two old cadres are equipped with three new mountain cells, that is, two old cadres participate and three mountain cells can be collected relatively. If there are female mountain people in the team, it is suggested that a senior female cadre (unless the leader is a woman) help solve the physical problems of mountain women.

As for the accounting of funds, the personal algorithm is used, that is, how much food a person has every day is multiplied by the number of days, plus mountain disasters, equipment funds, handling fees for going to Yamaguchi, fares (when checking information, you should determine whether you need to hire a timber truck, contact as soon as possible, and find out the train or highway bureau's driving schedule in advance) and miscellaneous fees (such as photocopies, maps, and negatives). And in the meeting before departure, it was stated that more retreat and less compensation.

Fourth, hold a pre-departure meeting.

The pre-trip meeting is mainly to let each team member know the general situation of the whole activity, work distribution and prescribed matters, and solve the difficulties encountered by the team members in the preparation work, which is of decisive significance for entering the mountain in the future, whether they can enjoy themselves or eliminate accidents, so the team leader should strictly require the team members to participate. In the meeting before departure, the team leader must ask each member about his physical condition or whether he has any special diseases to decide whether to let him attend. And ask team members to check the information. And arrange slide show appreciation, stove operation equipment maintenance, backpack packing and other courses for the new hill cells.

Mountaineering is about team spirit. Everyone should play their role well, and the assignment of work is to avoid the team leader's monologue, reduce the burden of the team leader and give play to the team spirit of division of labor and cooperation. Generally speaking, it can be divided into the following functions:

Team leader: the planning and promotion of the whole activity, the convening of the pre-departure meeting, the mastery and control of personnel during the activity, the handling and decision-making of special circumstances, etc. And take charge of the team during the parade. Travel records and writing.

Guide: in the process of activities, it is responsible for removing obstacles, judging the direction and finding, opening up and guiding the path. Travel records and writing.

Guard: Maintain the safety of the team.

General affairs: responsible for the financial management of activities.

Public relations: book a diesel car, find out the driving schedule, apply for a mountain pass, and send a meeting notice.

Equipment: responsible for the application, inspection, distribution, storage and maintenance of sports equipment.

Food: start a group of activities when you are responsible for menu design, shopping, distribution, control and coordination.

Photography: Take photos or slides of the whole activity.

Five, the implementation of physical exercise

Mountaineering requires not only physical strength, but also a test of endurance and perseverance. Usually, it needs training. Before the team leaves, it needs more training. With good physical strength, the team will not be dragged down. Enjoying hiking, practicing running, interactive squatting and jumping, and running stairs are all good ways. If you walk for a long time, you should find a suburban mountain with special terrain and carry out weight-bearing training. If you want to set up a fixed point through a cliff on the way, the knot can also have a concept.

Sixth, the equipment.

In addition to essential items, it is advisable to carry multi-purpose items to avoid increasing the carrying capacity. Equipment can be divided into personal equipment and group equipment.

Personal equipment:

Down jacket, sleeping bag, sleeping pad, big (middle) backpack, small backpack, hiking shoes, wool socks, leggings, raincoat, rain pants, windbreaker, umbrella, slippers, notebook (for recording and memo) pen, sewing kit, eating guy, toiletries (chewing gum is available), sun hat, whistle, compass and change.

Take carrying two sets as the principle; In order to reduce the burden, wear one set, take one set, and change the carry-on set only when camping stops, but when traveling, so that you can bring a set of dry clothes, flashlight and spare batteries at any time. Except for equipment that is not afraid of humidity, it should be packed in plastic bags separately.

Group equipment:

Tent, MSR burner, fuel (if you need to melt snow in the snow, bring more), pot cover, firewood knife (depending on the team), road sign, indelible pen (the road sign says when and where to arrive), thermos bottle (hot drink can often boost the rustic spirit), thin thread (shoes sometimes turn into smiling faces when walking vertically for a long time and setting up a tent).

Si Nuo should be added:

Climbing rope, ice axe, crampons, helmet, etc. In water-deficient areas, you can bring water bags.

Seven, food

It should be based on the principle of light weight, non-perishable and good nutrition. Open the menu according to the itinerary, and be timely and diverse. Most of them are long-distance and vertical. On the first day, I often used firewood trains. At this time, the breakfast of the day should be settled in the place where the firewood train is used, and lunch can be used as a lunch to reduce the burden. I remember doing this on the first day when I walked south of Yushan Mountain. For dinner, I ate braised bean fish and sweet and sour pork ribs, as well as jelly and sushi from that mountain trip. On this point, please refer to the ninth issue of Ye Sheng. However, there are a few points to note, that is, don't forget to bring water and food (such as cucumber and grapefruit) in water-deficient areas, as well as food that can easily absorb and replenish calories, such as ginger (which can be drunk in the rain), chocolate and toffee, garlic (which can be sterilized), cooked food (mainly instant noodles and rations), and vegetables should be wrapped in newspapers and plastic bags to prevent decay.

Eight, medical care

Some commonly used medicines must be carried, such as motion sickness medicine, facial speed, OK tension, cold medicine, adhesive tape, blades, gauze, iodine, mercuric chloride, anti-inflammatory powder, snake first aid, Lu Zheng Pill, Yunnan Baiyao, etc.

Nine, difficult to work in mountainous areas

Before the team is ready to leave, it is necessary to submit the mountain information, travel plan, evacuation route, equipment and food list, list of participants, parents' names, addresses, telephone numbers, control time, etc. to the left-behind personnel in the mountain disaster. And call the weather service desk to ask about the weather conditions in those days, and I have a bottom in my heart. When the team has not yet entered the mountainous area, the team leader must keep in touch with the support center (stay behind) at any time, especially when the team changes its itinerary, so that the support center can grasp the team's whereabouts and the latest and most reliable clues and news, and ensure the effectiveness of rescue in the event of mountain disasters.

Emergency measures and disposal on the mountain

When the team set foot on the journey, it was followed by emergency measures and disposal on the mountain:

1-Fire is a symbol of hope and light, and it is also the best weapon to boost morale. Especially when we arrive at the camp that day, we need to send people to collect firewood, light a bonfire, sing folk songs that night, cook some supper or hot drinks (especially tea, because it can refresh us and quench our thirst), so that the fatigue of the day is thrown out with the flames and songs. If we have wet equipment or fuel shortage, we can also use this to dry and save money. & lt note: at present, most mountain teams do not raise fire, only intermediate mountain teams or emergencies raise fire. & gt

When carrying kindling, attention should be paid to moisture-proof measures. There are moisture-proof kindling in the market. You can also do it yourself. The method is as follows: cut the candle into small pieces and put it in a container, then melt it with fire. Then, put the matchstick and paper eraser with melted wax (remove the wax on the surface when using), then put it in a plastic box with a negative (this box has moisture-proof function), and then wrap it in a plastic bag. You can also inject melted wax into the lids of wine bottles or some small containers to make candlesticks. It is difficult to find a stable place to use on the mountain, unlike candles, which often stagger.

As for making a fire in the rain, the bark of firewood must be cut off. Because the bark absorbs water, although it is lit, the inner part will be sliced to facilitate ignition. But before that, you need to pay attention to cut off the firewood on the bark to avoid getting wet again. So build a shelter or cover it with an umbrella. Speaking of umbrellas, on industrial roads or wide and flat roads, they can not only shade the sun but also shelter from the rain. They have dual functions, much more useful than raincoats and more breathable. They are not as stuffy as raincoats. It rains outside and inside.

2﹒ When passing through foggy grassland terrain or dense terrain such as awn grass forest and arrow bamboo forest, it is advisable to travel in the following ways. In other words, we should be able to contact and take care of each other at any time, because the paths in these places are messy and it is easy to get lost.

3. In the arranged trip, if you need to cross the dangerous terrain of the cliff the next day, you need to rest early the day before to save your strength. Set out early on the day of crossing the cliff, because it will fog or rain around one or two in the afternoon on the mountain, which is easy to cause unfortunate events. If you get up early in the morning and it rains continuously, you should make a decision according to the itinerary, road conditions and personnel situation to see whether to stop or continue.

If possible, try to avoid camping at the bottom of the stream and observe the sky first to see if there are stars and moons. If there is, it is a sign of good weather, and then we should find a climbing path nearby (except for the wide land such as delta or alluvial fan, there are mountains or tail edges on both sides of the stream downstream) as an escape way when the stream is turbulent, because the stream is like sea water, with ebb and flow. The camping site should be on the highland, near the hillside. Measures should also be taken to prevent wild animals from drinking water at night.

Cross the stream hand in hand or in circles to avoid being washed away by the stream.

5. At the altitude of 1000 meters or 2000 meters, it is easy to meet the following animals-snakes, bees, ants, ants, bears and other animals. Countermeasures and preventive measures are as follows:

(1) Snake: The best way is to alert the snake. If you are accidentally bitten by a snake, the treatment method is to tie a handkerchief or triangular towel near your heart to slow down the blood flow, and then use a sterilized blade to draw the venom across the wound (pay attention to whether there is a hole in your mouth) and try to go down the mountain for medical treatment as soon as possible. But don't forget to say what kind of snake you were bitten by and need treatment. Generally speaking, poisonous snakes can be divided into nervous snakes and hemorrhagic snakes, and some are mixed.

There are few poisonous snakes, and poisonous snakes have two long and sharp fangs, so they will be bitten with two long scars, which is also one of the ways to tell whether they are non-toxic.

(2) bee ants: When you encounter a honeycomb or an ant nest, you should make a detour, and don't disturb it.

(3) Leech: If leech is stained, never pull it out by hand, lest its sucker break and enter the human body through capillary holes. You can dip it in salt or cigarette butts to make it fall off by itself, and then apply ointment to the wound.

As for other animals, such as bears, generally speaking, if you leave them alone, they will avoid them. At present, these animals are very rare in Taiwan Province Province.

6. When marching in a team, a guide should be arranged to lead the way and lead the team, and a senior and strong old mountain guard should walk in the middle of the team and observe the situation of his teammates so as to take necessary measures. At the beginning of the mountaineering trip, or at the beginning of the day, you can rest for about half an hour, that is, once you get into the state, you can rest for an hour or two. This is just a principle, you must make flexible changes according to the situation of the team.

7. The team leader is the representative of the whole team, and what you say means the whole team. Therefore, you should care for and comfort those teammates who are in poor physical strength or physical discomfort from time to time, so that they feel valued, which will boost their morale due to physical discomfort.

8. During the whole climbing process, everything was unsatisfactory, and the daily trip could reach the predetermined goal. Because human or natural factors often need to change the itinerary, the tour leader must have a sense of time on the itinerary. And there must be a team concept of advancing and retreating with the whole team. Sometimes we have to give up a few hills for the trip, and we can't storm the hills for personal heroism and drag down the whole team.

9% during the long hike, because everyone has a heavy burden, although the food they eat every day is taken out of different backpacks, the weight varies greatly, so they should be redistributed to everyone every three or two days to adjust the burden.

10﹒ The leader is the core of the team and the helmsman of the whole mountaineering activity. If he falls down because of excessive physical exertion, the leaderless team will have different opinions and affect the morale of the team, so the team leader should adjust his physical strength in time.

1 1﹒ Team leaders must not quarrel, bicker or argue with team members, which will cause dissatisfaction among other team members. If there are differences with team members, he should first measure the situation, announce his decision in public, then find dissidents in private, patiently enlighten and establish the prestige of team leaders.

Sometimes in the mountains, some players often go beyond their own rules because of their emotional relationship, which affects the mastery, safety and discipline of the team. At this time, the team leader will call the whole team to announce that it will not happen again, but it is not aimed at the individuals involved. The whole team should blame them and find the parties to correct them privately, which will not embarrass the parties, but also achieve the effect of compliance of the whole team.

For some conceited people, conceit is their weakness. Given his conceit, we should give him something to do. If he is really capable, he can successfully complete the task entrusted to him. If not, he can also kill his spirit.

12﹒ A good team leader can minimize the occurrence of mountain accidents. However, this does not mean that the team it takes will not cause mountain disasters. The natural environment changes rapidly, and there are many potential dangers at any time. There are still many factors that human beings cannot overcome. Therefore, a team leader also needs to know the disposal measures of special circumstances so as not to be surprised and confused. When the situation happens, the team leader should first keep calm (to prevent the morale from getting lower), calm (to have good thinking and judgment), not panic (to do things in an orderly way, strive for timeliness and not delay time), and appease the teammates' psychology in time, and then use the terrain to find a bunker or build a search and rescue camp, so that the whole team can enter a state of emergency, control food and water, reorganize the team in parallel, and assign one person to make personal records, which can also be called. (Therefore, when facing special circumstances, team leaders will ignore what they just said they would do. ) analyze the scene of the accident and assign a search and rescue team or rescue team. The rescue team must carry a mountain accident report, which must indicate the name of the accident, parents' name, address, contact telephone number, time and place of the accident, illness, so-called support equipment and personnel, whether a doctor is needed to accompany the mountain, etc. The leader should sign the report. The personnel of the shelter must use the nearby terrain to establish a shelter (search and rescue camp), collect available firewood and edible things, make a fire and whistle, and signal from time to time with the light of a flashlight at night. As for building shelters, I won't elaborate here, but there is a very important principle, that is, building shelters must be isolated from the enemies of wind and rain, and the construction methods and materials should be based on local materials and make full use of topography. Of course, at this time, the outer tent, cloak raincoat and big plastic bag we carry can play a role. Another point that Shanshe is worth advocating is to find a thick waterproof bag with the same diameter as the main bag of the big backpack, and then sew the end edge of the waterproof bag and the end edge of the main bag together, so that the length of the big backpack is connected with the length of the waterproof bag, and a whole-body waterproof device can accommodate one person. When the waterproof bag is not used, it can be pressed on the main backpack, which makes the backpack more waterproof. In an emergency, you can pull it out, stretch it into a shelter for one person, hide your body inside, put on all warm clothes, spend the forgotten night, and come out to bask in the sun tomorrow morning. You are another hero.

& lt In short, keep yourself dry, stay calm when something happens, and keep in touch with the left-behind people regularly >

To sum up, we know that a team leader must have superior administrative ability, rich knowledge of field survival and Shan Ye, good moral cultivation and tolerance, keen insight and prudent judgment. It can be said that he is an all-encompassing think tank. If he wants everything to be perfect, he can't absorb the strength of his life. What's more, the student union has only been established for four years, but at least it should have an understanding of these superficial and basic common sense concepts. If you learn what you lack on weekdays, take part in more activities and prove what you have learned from experience, you will be a good leader. As for what to do after the activity, of course, it is nothing more than lifting the mountain control immediately after going down the mountain, holding a review meeting and submitting detailed records to the data group. Please refer to the article How to Become a Mountaineer and repeat it here.