Future architecture

Guo Xiaoping: Today's theme is towards future architecture. This means that through our energy-saving building, we will achieve a building process called zero consumption, which is quite difficult, but now we start exploring and doing, and I think we will achieve something.

The building in 2050 was not designed by us, but by our children, so we should educate our children to love architecture. This is our world, we live in this big and small place, and we should love it. More and more people live in cities, so it is our duty to pay attention to environmental protection and ecological protection. As an architect, you should always be ready to change your ideas and positions. 90% of buildings have no architects. For a long time, our human technology and knowledge have been integrated into architecture, but there is no architect's plan. Architecture is sometimes like a trip, an adventurous activity, which will give us a lot. Each of us likes to live in a beautiful city, like beautiful buildings, and more like the emergence of more excellent buildings in the future. Oppose the idea of pioneers. The present architecture has no style, so it should be responsible, rational and inclusive. Liberation is our principle. We need more modernization.

Modern style. A fashionable solution. Every form is a new creation, and free thinking is a prerequisite and a necessity. This is a project of China Merchants Bank Building that we did in 2007. It is a building made up of four twisted units. It will become a landmark of this city.

Energy and resources. The concept of energy comes from ancient Greece and is called (energale sound). Its concept is influence. In 2003, the British Institute of Architects and the Institute of Engineers made a calculation, and the result was surprising. The lights in London will go out in 2020. This calculation is simple, because the current situation in Britain is that 33% of energy comes from coal. 23% comes from nuclear energy and the other 28% comes from natural gas. The EU policy is to ban coal in 20 16 years. If coal burning is prohibited, 33% of the energy can't be supplied, and the lights in London will go out, including workers' factories that work four years a week. Only the bedrooms have heating, but the living room has no heating. There is no new solution to this situation. Then finally there is a * * * knowledge, that is, energy saving. And the best energy is energy saving. So we need to develop more energy-saving buildings. The headquarters building of the German energy company Rheinland Group is one of the top 500 in the world, ranking 276th. It provides electricity and heat energy for the whole of Europe. 1992 was invited to bid for an energy-saving building. Our company participated in the bidding. For us architects, we didn't know how to make an energy-saving building at that time. Its energy saving concept is completely different from our current energy saving. Its energy-saving concept is that there is no auxiliary facilities, and I want to balance my whole. At that time, we conceived a double-layer glass curtain wall system, which has been used before, and it is the first time to be used as a building in a high-rise building. Double glass curtain wall, its biggest feature is to create a space, which has become a possibility of energy saving. In our drawing, we can see that each glass is a structure with an air cover inside. This kind of air hood prevents heat energy from entering the room in summer and cold energy from entering the room in winter. This is called the earliest energy-saving building, and we call it fishmouth building.

It basically solves one of our biggest energy-saving problems. Our construction is not complicated, which is no problem for an architect, but it is also understandable for a non-architect. Our whole building is a double-layer glass curtain wall, and the most important connotation of fish mouth is to let sunlight into our room as much as possible. This is the outer glass curtain wall and the inner glass curtain wall. The glass curtain wall inside can be opened, stay in our passage and enter the room. We know that we are in the sky, 1.20 meters tall, or 1.80 meters tall. If you can't open the window, there will be no ventilation. If you have this glass curtain wall, you can open it and absorb fresh air, laying the foundation for our whole energy-saving system. This kind of structure, which we call analog structure, has been digitized today. The most important reason for this structure is that there are such ventilation pipes, and there is shading between the ventilation pipes, which will not be affected by wind pressure at high altitude and can effectively block the sun. The other is our heating equipment, which constitutes a complete sunshade system.

This building is also called a model of industrial products. Because of the next picture, I will talk about industrial products and architecture. In this building, all the buildings are basically processed in the factory and installed on the site. Only pouring is passed down on the construction site, which is more environmentally friendly and efficient. In this control panel, we first control our lighting, temperature, sunshade, telephone and so on. This is their chairman's office. It's simple. We made a high window, so that the outdoor sunlight can enter the room as much as possible, and then pass through this high window to the corridor. This is the idea of saving energy in every detail. This building is a very simple building and the materials used are also very simple. Cement, aluminum alloy handle, glass. Aluminum alloy, very simple, very strong. This is the roof garden on the 32nd floor. We attach importance to these pillars. We see that this is our window cleaner, which can clean all the glass around. A conference room on the 32nd floor is completely a conference room with industrial products in it, which can be opened.

Another feature of this building is that the direction is very clear. This is the elevator floor and elevator room outside our building. Through this glass, we can see the whole city. Our elevator is completely different from our domestic practice. Completely using modern materials, no longer using the so-called stone, completely using aluminum alloy, more modern and fashionable. Part of the roof, completely cement, is then sprayed. This kind of roof is called composite roof. This concept is factory-processed, and all functions are combined in one building. For example, strong light and weak light are combined into industrial products. This is the development direction of our future architecture. It can be seen that this is a cutoff wall, and the cutoff wall is completely processed by the factory. Now it is the same in China, where the building has been 100% industrialized.

1995 participated in the bidding of Shanghai World Trade International. The building was completed in 2004, but it is completely different from our previous plan. There are many problems in the middle. At that time, the financial crisis of 1998 stopped this project. At the beginning, we planned the double glass curtain wall system, which was also based on the construction and design of the Rheinland headquarters building. World Trade International Plaza is located at the junction of Nanjing Road and Tibet Road in Shanghai. We designed a 330-meter-high building here, which was then an office building. Now it is a five-star hotel, a 49-meter-high shopping mall and a 48-meter-high glass roof. Here are some photos, all-glass curtain walls. Can represent the structure of the whole building. The antenna part is 330 meters and the roof part is 265 meters, which is the highest at present. The most important reason is that we have developed buildings suitable for the present situation in China, and the air must be very clean. However, we have tested the air quality in Shanghai, and found that the degree and humidity in Shanghai can't reach a standard, that is, we have developed a closed glass curtain wall, which can produce an internal circulation and still play an energy-saving effect, and put a sunshade in the middle to block the heat. We have achieved this project, which is completely successful, and the energy saving can reach 60%. This is part of our development of glass curtain wall. This photo was taken last year. Totally different. The final renderings.

Ancient buildings and new buildings, our concept is to appreciate ancient buildings, but we can't copy them. Because we have now solved the unsolved problems of the ancients. To make a fashionable building with modern science and technology, we should try our best to take back the old building or re-plan it to create a beautiful space. While building new buildings, we should consider the restoration work after 30 years. It will be 30 years before we can judge whether the building is tilted by design. The building made by a good architect will be handed over to others for redesign after 30 years, and its true quality will not be seen until 30 years later. Cultural relics protection buildings are the wealth of our human beings, so we must protect them well, and we must not modify them at will, but increase our enthusiasm. In 2002, we participated in the transformation of a city bank, which is an ancient building, an old building, not an ancient building. We re-planned and redesigned. Used to be a simple glass curtain wall. We designed a double-layer glass curtain wall, and then unified the buildings of the two eras through a glass surface. This building is also a productive building. Our internal design is completely constructed and installed by the factory, and the materials used are very simple, such as aluminum alloy, stainless steel and glass. All suspended ceilings, called assembled suspended ceilings, combine all technologies to make a good building as little as possible. Then the necessary structures must be prepared, assembled by assembly, and then installed. Therefore, architects must cooperate with industrial design and work together. This is the scene of the atrium. Outside, we hired a photographer to take pictures, took a lot of pictures, and then put them on the glass evenly, which was very active.

Industrial products and buildings. As I said just now, Rheinland Group Building and Lufthansa Headquarters Building in Frankfurt are both product buildings, and our future buildings should be product buildings. Architects should consider how to combine with product designers when they start designing. There are two concepts. All the constructions are processed by the factory, so they are planned at the same time. One is the products designed and processed in the factory with high precision, which are more exquisite and environmentally friendly, so the construction period and time are also guaranteed. In this way, the site will be poured, our products will be produced and the construction period will be shortened. For developers, time is money, and this is how the future buildings will develop. Then development, first of all, product system development, then factory processing, transportation, and finally assembly. In this way, several systems constitute the whole structure of modern architecture. Audi Stadium is the venue of an automobile exposition in Frankfurt, Tokyo and Paris, designed by 1999. This is a completely industrialized design. Very simple design, we first studied the people flow, flow direction and curve of the whole venue during the day. 3D diagram, build such a model and start our design. The important concept is simple. We want to build a stadium. This venue can help us operate the whole venue, which is convenient for disassembly and transportation, because Frankfurt will participate in Paris and Tokyo. These arcs make up the whole arc. Aluminum alloy, glass, glass is transparent glass and colored glass. This is the structure of aluminum alloy. Aluminum alloy bracket structure is the condition of factory processing. Installation scenario. This is a location map. The whole glass in our building, each glass has a different size. So every cup must be coded. Mark the code when assembling, and mark it when disassembling. After marking, you will have to attend an exhibition in another place. We can see 9099, below 10 10. We attended four expositions, and none of the glass was damaged. Different spaces are represented by different lights. This is an F 1 venue. Sports design. This is A2, and many display screens are designed in the back. For Audi, I think we know that the best brands are Mercedes-Benz, BMW and Mercedes-Benz venues. For them, Mercedes-Benz appeared as the inventor of the car boss, while BMW showed its own sports. Therefore, Audi attaches great importance to the design of venues, so it has designed such an unusual venue with strong visual impact.

Air. Air is a very important part of our building. Our architects want to build energy-saving buildings, and the main problem is to solve the ventilation problem. Prepare all possibilities and methods to solve our problems. Another concept of architecture is appropriateness. For each project, there is a suitable solution.

The photo is the design of Cologne International Airport. This building is called a model of high technology. It brings together architects, engineers, industry experts and physics experts to complete such a product. This is a tall building called Munich. We participated in the bidding in 1992, and the construction was not completed until 2002. At that time, Party A was a German bank, and we designed a double-layer glass curtain wall system, and the access control was computer-controlled. Upon completion of the design, Party A changed to an American real estate developer on 1999. They pay more attention to efficiency and need a single glass curtain wall, so we re-planned. However, the concept of single-layer glass curtain wall is not what we imagined, but has the effect of double-layer glass curtain wall. We have developed such a ventilation structure. We designed three heights for this building, one is 320 meters, then 280 meters, and finally 140 meters. Because Munich is not allowed to design tall buildings. Our ventilation structure is controlled by a computer through a motor, which opens outward and then naturally ventilates, thus ensuring that your office receives natural air, and the air enters from the side, so you won't have wind pressure. Completed our natural ventilation system, and it is a single-layer glass curtain wall, which is very suitable for our buildings in China, because its cost is much lower than that of double-layer glass curtain wall. The most important thing is that the architect should have a good idea and cooperate with the engineer to complete the design. 10, single-layer glass curtain wall has the effect of double-layer glass curtain wall, and now the technology is more mature. It is such a construction to complete our whole ventilation, and today's technology and technology have no problem with these constructions. A scene in the Olympic Center,

Beauty. Beauty is a real concept in Greek. If it is wood, it should look like wood. If it is bamboo, it should look like bamboo. This is our reality. Beautiful architecture, simple volume. This is the design of Airbus assembly workshop that we participated in in Europe in 2002. We designed a roof with the significance of the times, which is both beautiful and fashionable. This is a correct architectural decision. Correct architecture is often beautiful, while ugly architecture is often the wrong result. Beauty and purity, beautiful form. This is a design of China Merchants Bank, and Wuhe International participated in it in 2007. We named it NV Plaza, and this design is called progressive design with China significance. We know that the new design is to twist a building and place a square twist there. This is the practice in Europe, but we in China are more subtle. This building is like this, the bottom is a straight line, and it gradually becomes an arc at the top. This gradient map gradually changes from an arc to a straight line. When you walk around the building, you will find that what you see below is a straight line, and then it becomes an arc, which is an implicit distortion of our China. As you can see, the bottom is a straight line, which turns into a circle at the top, and the bottom is round, which turns into a straight line at the top. This is a simple and meaningful institution.

Without convention, new ideas are not bound by convention. Architecture should make the city more attractive. Before designing a building, we must consider the results and effects after the completion of the building. Then you can't recall the past before it is built. You must make a decision first. These two photos can be compared. Build or not build. Whether to build or not to build is the right decision. This is a house in Berlin. To build a new ancient building in Berlin, our idea is that it is best not to build it.

Zero energy consumption building is the premise of our future building. We try to make our building run without other auxiliary equipment. This is our zero-energy building. We want some buildings to be collectors and then balance the whole energy. This road is very difficult and complicated. We should start working now, and we should be paid attention to by all sides. Railway station is the representative of zero energy consumption building. Sugas Railway Station is one of the 2 1 century projects with a total investment of 2.5 billion euros. The renovation of old buildings is just one of the projects. This project is the world bidding of 1998 and 1999, so world-famous architects were invited, and our company also participated in this project. My colleagues and I went to Sugate Park and found it very beautiful. The government of Sugars wanted to keep the garden, but most of our architects designed a horizontal hall and destroyed the whole palace garden. Let me tell you a fairy tale. I said that the Sugars Railway Station we designed was placed underground, and then a roof was added and several naked eyes were made. This is our railway station. There is not much philosophy, it is very simple, but it is very complicated to work. This is the landscape around the Suggart Railway Station, which is very beautiful. A model of 1: 30 shows the scene of putting the railway station underground and entering our Sugars railway station through two semi-circular glass shells. This is the scene of the old railway station. In this way, through the naked eye arrangement, the perfection of the whole palace is maintained. We designed optical eyes and solved several most important problems, namely ventilation and natural light ventilation. The most important thing about this project is that its structural system is very complicated, and we have never met it. Our structural part is a world-famous structural master. He is the director of the Sukart Clean Institute. He made a model with soap powder in 1993. It is very simple and the structure is like this. The combination of single support and membrane must be achieved through a hole. We passed this photo on to him. He said I've done this before, and if you can do it, go to work. This project has carried out a lot of experimental research and experiments, especially structural experiments. This is the first network diagram of the structure. Study stress through tennis racket. The study of stress. Study on membrane. This is the last bare eye we have finished. Through a model of 1: 30, we finally found that the light directly entering the optical eye is 5% to 15%. During the day, it is enough to illuminate the underground railway station through optical eyes. It can be said that this energy source can be a zero-energy building. All kinds of optimistic experiments. Including the wind direction experiment, which is a model experiment of lighting at noon. One of the most important things in building energy conservation is to use natural lighting. Many of our offices in Beijing are now lit by light, not natural light. Because our shading technology has never broken through this problem. The most important thing for energy saving is ventilation, shading and the use of natural light. Sugath Railway Station has obvious utilization of natural light. At night, we will reflect the light next to the platform on the curved roof and feel a strange landscape. In winter, ventilation window was supposed to block the cold current from entering the room. Because the building is 6 meters underground, it has the effect that the temperature will never be lower than zero in winter and never exceed 20 degrees in summer. So this building is called our zero-energy building. Here are some renderings. A perfect palace garden. Thank you for your attention.

You can ask any questions.

Moderator: Thank you very much for Mr. Guo Xiaoping's speech. We say that the city is the carrier of architecture, and architecture is the soul of the city. I believe that after listening to Mr. Guo's speech, they have a new understanding of new buildings and new technologies. If you have some questions, you can ask them what Mr. Guo said just now or what topics you are interested in.

Q: I just saw the railway station in Sugars. I miss Beijing South Railway Station. I would like to ask what is the comparison between my initial investment and the use of natural light in this case?

Guo Xiaoping: Sugesi Railway Station is a project of Sugesi in 2 1 century, so the investment is very large. For the municipal government, it is an industrial city, and there is no problem in terms of funds. In bidding, the issue of funds has never been raised. Our project, 1999 participated in the bidding, won the bid in 2000, and really started planning in 2005, so it can only be completed in 2009. Construction is under way now, and it was completed on 20 13 and 20 14. So the city government didn't ask us about the cost. But what is the most important thing? For Germans and Europeans, the problem of energy. We just mentioned that in Germany and Britain, coal basically accounts for about 30% of electricity. This coal will be abandoned by 20 16, and our nuclear power plant will be abandoned after 2020, so energy is very important. Therefore, European developers and architects are working hard to build energy-efficient buildings.

Question: What if the zero-energy railway station you just mentioned is lit at night?

Guo Xiaoping: We have placed solar panels around the building to help with the lighting. Because of heating and lighting, heating, ventilation and air conditioning are unnecessary. Just a lamp. There is nothing wrong with the present technology. Now we are planning a zero-energy city, about 50 thousand yuan. We call it a city with zero energy consumption. The main technology comes from the technology of American General Electric Company. Simple, but not complicated. Solar energy, wind energy, but the most important thing in building is to ensure that your building can save 50% energy, and the other 50% is completed by solar energy, wind energy and geothermal energy.

Q: What direction do you think China's energy-saving buildings should develop in the future? In addition, if you were the designer of energy-saving buildings in China, what measures would you take?

Guo Xiaoping: That's a good question. As architects, civil buildings and industrial buildings are two different systems, and civil buildings, single buildings and group buildings are different systems. We want to use high-tech methods to do office buildings and public buildings. Most civil buildings rely on sustainable development, solar energy, wind energy and geothermal energy. In fact, these technologies are very mature, just used. Solar energy has been widely used in Europe, but the key issue is policy, because solar energy has a system, one is to generate heat and the other is to generate electricity. However, if you produce electricity alone, you won't need it yourself. You have to inject it into the area or have a storage device, which is very expensive. In Europe, if you want to produce one-degree electricity, the country will give you three-degree electricity. Several young people in Britain have developed wind power, so it is enough to put wind power at home. Now this technology has been acquired by Rheinland Group and started to produce generators that can be installed in every household. Moreover, new energy sources are developing very fast in Germany.

Question: We often say that people are the center, and the most comfortable temperature for people is between 20 and 23 degrees. From the buildings I have just seen, including some so-called energy-saving buildings in China, I think zero energy consumption can't be realized, because from the energy sources currently studied, one energy source can promote another energy source, and this technology is good and needs some energy. I think zero energy is just a gimmick. How to understand this?

Guo Xiaoping: We are pushing forward the issues of technology and development. Many developers will talk about cost, feasibility and technology. This is not a problem. The key is whether we are willing to build energy-efficient buildings. At present, China has not felt the energy crisis. We only feel the rise in automobile oil prices, and electricity in Europe is rising every year. If our electricity is increased again, our development will be urgent, and energy-saving buildings will be needed then. As far as technology is concerned, the air in Germany and Europe is cleaner than ours. They can open the window. Our technology is very simple. If it is a double glass curtain wall, hot air can be converted into cold air through a conversion. Technology will be omnipotent, just like geothermal energy now. Geothermal energy pumps groundwater. Through conversion, the groundwater may be only 20 degrees or 30 degrees, but through conversion, it is the temperature you need. Moreover, with the current technology in China, it is no problem to make things like Europe. Just because of time and cost, not every developer in Europe can do these buildings. Rheinland Group is one of the top 500 companies in the world, and Lufthansa Group is also one of the top 500 companies in the world. Audi is a big enterprise. China is developing, and I think it will be realized soon.

Q: We know that Vanke is now making residential products in China, and it has made a relatively regular development. But in public areas, such as office buildings, productization is actually very, very low, almost none. For example, our project designer said that the lobby, for example, needs to find a lot of corresponding information when doing the lobby. From abroad, the information you can find may be less. I want to know, for example, the Rhine Group Building, its lobby, or do you know what the degree of productization is? Capable of being processed in a factory. Let me just say one thing. What's going on in the hall?

Guo Xiaoping: Our design is like this. After we won the bid, our company is such a system. There were 150 people at that time. There is a product design department. There are eight product designers in this design department. We have architects as leaders, and then they cooperate with us. In the meantime, we gave the task to our product designer. After our product designer has designed it, it will be handed over to the factory and Siemens. So it's very simple in Germany. From the beginning, the product designer entered our team to do it, and the construction of Rheinland Group headquarters was all processed in the workshop, only the cement pouring on the spot. This problem can be solved in China, but the system has not yet been established. After the architectural design is completed, it will be handed over to the interior design, and then the factory will start to make the ceiling.

Question: Can it be understood that companies like Siemens have some standard models for reference in German architectural design, so that the molds actually produced have formed a long-term cooperative relationship?

Guo Xiaoping: Yes. Our product designers are different from our architects. Product designers pay more attention to the technology of products and are very familiar with technology. What they do can be directly produced, and we architects, in our development process, have to experience the development of glass curtain walls. The glass curtain wall company is the medium for architects and factories. We have finished the design, and they have finished the development. They will tell us whether this can be done, but they are not responsible. The responsibility rests with the architect. If this construction fails, it's the architect's problem. In Germany, product designers are very mature, and for architects, not only architectural design, but also the whole product design. It is also a perfect industrial product design. I prepared some furniture in a German design company, and then put it on the market through their long-term partners, such as Siemens. As an architect, I only need to pay the design fee.

Question: Including lighting design, can it be done in the factory?

Guo Xiaoping: Yes. In the future, there may be two things: the products selected by developers or the products designed and processed by factories.

Q: You mentioned the composite ceiling many times just now. What functions do most of these composite ceilings combine?

Guo Xiaoping: These two systems, in our Rheinland Group Building or Lufthansa headquarters in Frankfurt, are combined for indoor needs, such as spraying, strong lighting and weak lighting. Then all these combined lights will be displayed on a display panel and controlled by our analog control panel. In our building, the fewer these collections, the better. Our architects simply simplify these systems and then assemble them on a panel.

Problem: for example, if you spray, there must be a pipe. This combination ceiling is different from another combination ceiling. Because the pipes are different and different, this combination cannot be produced in the factory.

Guo Xiaoping: Factory production, unified design, and then equipped with product designers. There are no other questions.

Question: That's the heating pipe.

Q: You don't know much about energy systems, do you?

Guo Xiaoping: Yes. These two systems are like this, including buildings. An architect can't do it. You must cooperate with other engineers. If you want to make a simple building, China architecture needs the idea of an architect. To make a good building, such as the one in Suggart Railway Station or Munich, it must be realized by energy companies. And you have to choose the corresponding products and buy a cooling roof at General Electric. But the most important thing is to have a systematic design.

Question: Miss Guo, it's a bit far to the future building. I'm more concerned about the buildings in China now. Miss Guo, can you comment on the buildings in China now? What's wrong with it?

Guo Xiaoping: As an architect, China has designed many excellent buildings. I think many buildings in Beijing are a correct decision. Such as the Bird's Nest, the Water Cube and the Opera House. This is definitely the right decision. As an architect, I am not a critic, so it is difficult to talk about these issues in depth.

Q: Because there will be some projects or buildings in China that use some high technology or specific energy conservation, what do you think of the application of this energy conservation technology in China? The double glass curtain wall you mentioned is also used in some projects. Is there a technical difference between the double glass curtain wall they used and the double glass curtain wall you mentioned? It is also designed with energy saving as the main purpose. What do you think of this energy-saving design?

Guo Xiaoping: Fashion is definitely doing well. It is doing well in energy-saving buildings. At present, China's building energy efficiency level is relatively mature, but less. In fact, energy-saving buildings in Europe are just these years, and the technology is still immature. The earliest energy-saving building began in 1995, and has been developed for more than ten years now. Some architects, including many architects in Europe, are not doing very well, and the distance between us and Europe is not very big.