Brief introduction of Bai Juyi

Bai Juyi (A.D. 772-846, Tang Dynasty), whose real name was Lotte, was also named Xiangshan lay in his later years. In the Tang Dynasty, he was born in Xiaao, Huazhou. His ancestral home was Taiyuan, Shanxi, and later he moved to Xiaao (now Xiaao Town, Linwei District, Weinan City, Shaanxi Province). Bai Juyi's grandfather later worked as a county magistrate in Gongxian county, Henan province, and became friends with his neighbor Xinzheng county magistrate at that time. When he saw the beautiful scenery in Xinzheng, his family was moved.

Bai Juyi, a native of Xinzheng, was born in Dongguozhai (now Dongguosi Village) in Xinzheng County (now Xinzheng, Henan Province) on February 28th, the 20th day of the first month in Dali, Tang Daizong (AD 772).

Bai Juyi is an advocate of the new Yuefu movement, advocating that "articles should be written in time, and songs and poems should be written for things." Together with Yuan Zhen, they were called "Bai Yuan". Shortly after Bai Juyi was born, a war broke out in Henan. Li Zaipu Town was divided into more than ten states by Henan, and the people suffered from war. When Bai Juyi was two years old, Ren Gongxian's grandfather died in Chang 'an, followed by his grandmother. Bai Juyi's father, Bai, was first awarded the county magistrate of Pengcheng County in Xuzhou by the secretariat of Songzhou (AD 780). A year later, Bai and Li Yan, the secretariat of Xuzhou, insisted on Xuzhou's meritorious service and were promoted to Xuzhou special driving. In order to avoid the war in Xuzhou, he sent his family to Suzhou for a peaceful life. Bai Juyi was able to spend his childhood in R&F (now Anhui R&F Collection). Bai Juyi, Fu Liren, Liu Xixi, Zhang Zhongyuan, Zhang Mei Tui, Jia Zhanzhong and Jia Yuanxi are also called "Fu Wu Li Zi", boating in the lake, visiting Liugou Temple, climbing Wuli Mountain, enjoying poems and tasting wine, which is called a grand event. Later, in order to avoid the war in the Central Plains, he moved to Jiangnan. Five cases of relocation will last for six years. He is the younger brother of another writer, Bai Xingjian. Bai Juyi was very clever and studied hard since he was a child. When he read it, his mouth was sore and his hands were covered with calluses. Young, all white hair. Up to now, there are still allusions such as "a little knowledge" when he was born seven months ago and "Bai Juyi is in Gu Kuang" when he first arrived in Chang 'an. His poems have great influence not only in China, but also in Japanese and Korean. He also co-founded the "New Yuefu Movement" with Yuan Zhen, which was called "Bai Yuan" by the world and "Bai Liu" with Liu Yuxi. Bai Juyi lived in Xiangshan, Luoyang for a long time in his later years, hence the name "Xiangshan Jushi".

On August 14th (September 8th) in the sixth year of five Huichang cases (AD 846), Bai Juyi died of illness in Luoyang and was buried in Xiangshan, Luoyang, at the age of 75. After his death, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty Li Chen wrote a poem to mourn him. The poem said, "Who taught Minglu to be a poet for sixty years?" Floating clouds are naturally happy if they are not famous and easy to live in. Boys perform "Song of Eternal Sorrow", and Hu Er can sing "Pipa". The article is full of people, and I once missed you.

"The author of Bai Changqing Collection, a total of seventy-one volumes. In his later years, Bai Juyi was made a prince, and posthumous title was a white father and a white man. He actively advocated the new Yuefu movement in literature, arguing that "articles should be written in time and poems should be written for things". He wrote many poems lamenting the times and reflecting the sufferings of the people, which had a great influence on later generations. He is a very important poet in the history of China literature. Yuanhe was a bachelor of Hanlin and a doctor of Zuo Zanshan. Because he offended powerful people, he was demoted to Jiangzhou Sima and became a good Buddha in his later years. He wrote many poems in his life, among which allegorical poems are the most famous, and the language is easy to understand, so he is called "an old woman who can explain". Narrative poems such as Pipa Xing, Song of Eternal Sorrow and Charcoal Man are all famous. One of them is "We shouted a thousand times, but she still hid half her face behind the guitar and avoided us." We were all unhappy until the end of the day, when we met. We understand. What is the relationship between acquaintances? . "More famous. Bai Juyi's poems were widely circulated at that time, from the palace to the folk, and their fame spread far and wide in Xinjiang, Korea and Japan. Bai's poems had a great influence on later literature, and Huang Zunxian and others were all inspired by Bai Juyi's poems. Bai Juyi's poems have the greatest influence. It can be said that Bai Juyi was the man of the hour in China's Tang poetry. In his later years, he befriended the poet Liu Yuxi and called him Bai Liu. Advocate poetry to play the role of beauty. His ci is very distinctive and famous for its bright and beautiful style, which is highly praised by later poets.

Bai Juyi's main works

Song of everlasting regret, pipa, selling charcoal Weng, Biegu grass, spring outing in Qiantang Lake, Song of Mujiang, Recalling Jiangnan, Peach Blossom in Dalin Temple, Drunken Li Eleven, Recalling Yuanjiu, Zhizhong Shushu Province, Sauvignon Blanc, Titling Yueyang Tower, Watching Wheat Cutting and Palace Poetry.

"One Sage" and "Two Immortals"

Li Bai, Du Fu and Bai Juyi are three great poets in China. People respectfully call Du Fu "Poetic Sage" and "Poetic History".

Li Bai is honored as a "poetic fairy", Bai Juyi is called a "poetic demon" and a "poetic hero", and Japanese scholars call Bai Juyi a "poetic god". In fact, Bai Juyi was called "Poet Fairy" in the Tang Dynasty. Please look at the poem of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty: "In the sixty years of Yulianzhu, who taught Minglu to be a poet fairy? Floating clouds are naturally happy if they are not famous and easy to live in. Boys can explain everlasting regret songs, while Hu Er can sing pipa, and the articles are full of ears. Once, I missed you. " Li Bai's "Poet Immortal" is the title given by the literati in Qing Dynasty. Therefore, at present, scholars believe that China's poetry circles should be "one saint" (Du Fu) and "two immortals" (Li Bai and Bai Juyi).

Main proposition

Articles combine the times, and poems combine things.

The life of the character

Biographical notes

Bai Juyi, whose real name is Lotte, is Mr. Xiangshan Jushi and Mr. Zuiyin. He comes from a small and medium-sized bureaucrat family who is a scholar. Born in Xinzheng, Zhengzhou (now Xinzheng County, Henan Province). Since 1 1 years old, she has been displaced by war for five or six years. I studied hard when I was a teenager. In the 16th year of Zhenyuan (800 years), he was a scholar.

In eighteen years, he won the Excellence Award with Yuan Zhen. Two people are engaged. In the future, Bai Yuan was also famous for his poems. In the spring of nineteen years, he was awarded the provincial school secretary. In the first year of Yuanhe (806), he dismissed the school book lang, wrote seventy-five articles of "Ce Lin", published "Knowledge for Body", and awarded the county commander. For watching the wheat harvest, everlasting regret and by the pond. Yuanhe returned to Korea in the second year, awarded a bachelor's degree in Hanlin in November, and served as a left gleaning in the following year. In four years, he launched the New Yuefu Movement with Yuan Zhen and Li Shen. In five years, Cao, a native of Jingzhao County, joined the army. At this time, he was still a bachelor of Hanlin, drafting letters and participating in state affairs. He can be outspoken about things without fear of powerful people and close ministers. In six years, Yuanhe was sent back to Beijing to serve because his mother was at home and had served her full term. In ten years, he was demoted to Sima Jiangzhou (now Jiujiang, Jiangxi) for taking the lead in writing a letter demanding the urgent arrest of Wu's murderer. The following year, I wrote Pipa Travel. He began to "be an official in seclusion" and built a thatched cottage in Lushan. His thought has changed from "saving the world" to "being immune to the world", and more and more leisurely and sentimental poems have appeared. In the thirteenth year of Yuanhe, he changed to Zhongzhou Secretariat, returned to Beijing in the fifteenth year, and moved to Zhongshu Sheren. In the second year of Changqing (822), due to the factional struggle between the DPRK and China, he demanded his release. He has been the secretariat of Hangzhou and Suzhou and won the hearts of the people. In memory of him, Hangzhou people named the side near the West Lake Bai Causeway. In the first year of Emperor Wenzong Daiwa (827), he was supervised by the secretary and transferred to assistant minister of punishments the following year. Four years, settled in Luoyang. Later, he served as the guest of the Prince, Henan Yin and Shaofu Prince. In the second year of Huichang (842), he became an official with the minister of punishments. In Luoyang, he entertained himself with poetry, wine, Zen, Qin and landscape, and often sang with Liu Yuxi, calling him "Bai Liu". In Huichang four years, eight stone beaches were dug in Longmen for the benefit of boat people. At the age of 75, he was buried at Pipa Peak in Xiangshan, Longmen, Luoyang. Li Shangyin wrote an epitaph for him. Bai Juyi is a disciple of Maitreya. He organized a society called the Temporary Ascension Meeting. I hope everyone can rise to the realm of Maitreya together. In order to stay in Maitreya, Bai Juyi wrote a resolution: Yang Cishi, also known as Ci Shi, wishes me to be promoted for a while in the afterlife. Cishi is Maitreya, Maitreya is transliteration, and cishi is free translation. I admire the image of Ci's Bodhisattva. My name is Ci's Bodhisattva. I hope to ascend to Maitreya in the afterlife.

be an official

Life is divided into two periods, with Sima being demoted to Jiangzhou at the age of 44. The early period is the period of helping the world, and the later period is the period of being independent. Bai Juyi was a scholar at the age of 29 in the 16th year of Zhenyuan (800). He has served as provincial school secretary, school assistant and Hanlin bachelor. During the Yuanhe period, he was left as a gleaning, and wrote a lot of satirical poems, including ten masterpieces of Qin Zhongyin and fifty poems of New Yuefu, which made the dignitaries gnash their teeth and grieve. In the sixth year of Yuanhe, Bai Juyi's mother died in Chang 'an because of mental disorder. According to the rules at that time, Bai Juyi returned to his hometown for three years and returned to Chang 'an after the funeral. The emperor arranged for him to be a doctor. In June of the 10th year of Yuanhe, when Bai Juyi was 44 years old, Prime Minister Wu and imperial envoy Zhong Cheng Pei Du were assassinated. Wu died on the spot and Pei Du was seriously injured. For such a big event, the eunuch group and the old bureaucratic group in power at that time kept calm and were in no hurry to deal with it. Bai Juyi was very angry, so he wrote to urge the murderer to be severely punished to punish the law. However, instead of praising his enthusiasm for state affairs, those in power say that he is an official of the Eastern Palace, and it is trespassing to talk about state affairs in front of the admonishers. So he was demoted to the state secretariat. Wang Ya said that her mother fell into the well while looking at flowers and died. He wrote poems about flowers and wells, which hurt filial piety. Such people are not worthy of governing the county, so they are demoted to Jiangzhou Sima. In fact, the reason why he offended was those allegorical poems.

After being demoted

The official demotion to Jiangzhou dealt a great blow to Bai Juyi. He said that he "eliminated the troubles and happiness on the surface and the right and wrong in his chest", and his early Buddhist and Taoist thoughts also grew. Three years later, with the help of his good friend Cui Qun, he was promoted to the secretariat of Zhongzhou. In the fifteenth year of Yuanhe, Tang Xianzong died suddenly in Chang 'an, and Tang Muzong succeeded to the throne. Mu Zong loves talents, recalled Chang 'an, and became a foreign minister, doctor, doctor and sinologist. However, at that time, North Korea was in chaos, with ministers fighting for power and profit and infighting. Mu Zong is politically lazy and doesn't listen to advice. Therefore, Mu Zong was appointed as the secretariat of Hangzhou in the second year of Changqing, and Suzhou was appointed as the secretariat after the expiration of Hangzhou. In his later years, he was divided into the eastern capital by the Prince. A 70-year-old official. Compared with the previous period, he is much more negative, but after all, he is a poet who has made a difference and actively pleaded for the people. Some of his poems at this time still show his concern for the country and the people. He is still diligent in political affairs and has done many good things, such as dredging six wells dug by Li Bi and solving the problem of drinking water for the people. He built a long dike on the West Lake to store water and irrigate the fields, and wrote down the easy-to-understand Stone of Qiantang River, which was carved on a stone to tell people how to store water and drain water. He thought that as long as the dike was as good as law, it would not suffer from drought. This is the famous "Bai Causeway".

Bai Juyi's grandfather and father Bai are both poets. In this family background, Bai Juyi studied very hard. But Bai Juyi, like Li Bai and Du Fu, was a heavy drinker. Zhang Wenqian said in Tiaoxi Fish in Conghua: Although Tao Yuanming likes drinking,

Wine, but because of poor family, I can't drink often. Drinking with him are all country people who are firewood, fishing and ploughing. Bai Juyi makes wine at home. Every time I drink, I have to be accompanied by silk and bamboo and served by prostitutes. All the people who drink with him are social celebrities, such as Pei Du and Liu Yuxi.

Whenever the weather is beautiful, or it snows, he invites guests to his house, first painting the jar, then writing poems, and then holding silk and bamboo. So while drinking, I recited poems and played the piano. There is a boy playing "wearing a dress and feathers" and a little prostitute singing "Yang Liuzhi", which is a great pleasure. It didn't stop until everyone was drunk. Bai Juyi sometimes went out to play in the wild on a whim. He put a piano and a pillow in the car, hung two flagons on bamboo poles on both sides of the car, drank with the piano and came back happily. According to The Story of the Poor, Bai Juyi has a pond at home where he can row a boat. He entertained guests, and sometimes on the boat, he ordered people to hang more than 100 empty bags beside the boat, which contained wine and delicacies, and went with the boat. When he wants to eat or drink, he pulls them up, and when he finishes eating or drinking, he pulls up another one until he finishes eating or drinking. Fang Shao's Zhai Bo Discriminations says: Of the 2,800 poems written by Bai Letian, 800 were drunk. This number is not small. When he drinks, he drinks to relieve himself. He drank wine all day to relieve his nine days' hard work. He said: "Don't underestimate a day of drunkenness, that is to eliminate nine days of fatigue.

Plain mouth and thin waist, raising prostitutes (prostitutes here are equivalent to concubines or family singing and dancing prostitutes in the history of China) for fun, which began in the Eastern Jin Dynasty and was more common in the Tang Dynasty. In order to get rid of the troubles of life, Bai Juyi indulged himself with prostitutes' music and poems. He kept courting prostitutes and drinking until his later years. There are more than a dozen prostitutes whose names are known from his poems, among which Xiaoman and Su Fan are the most famous. Tang Mengbang's "Poem of Feeling Things with Skills" records: "Bai Shangshu (Juyi) Su Fanren is good at singing and prostitutes are good at dancing. It tastes like a poem: cherry Su Fan mouth, willow small waist ". Modern people describe beauty as cherry mouth, small waist or willow waist, which was learned from Bai Juyi.

Bai Juyi was old and sick, and decided to sell horses and let prostitutes go. He didn't want them to suffer with him. However, his beloved horse turned his back on him and could not bear to leave. Su Fan and Xiaoman still have feelings for Bai Juyi and are reluctant to leave. Su Fan said with tears, "I've been here for five years, and I'm not surprised. I have been a vegetarian for ten years, and there is nothing wrong with it. Although this plain face is ugly, it has not been ruined. Luo Li is still strong, without any embarrassment. That is, Luo Zhili can still lead; You can also give the Lord a glass of plainsong. Once you go back, there is no turning back. Therefore, Su will go, and the words will be bitter; Luo will go, and his song will be sad. This man's feelings are also the feelings of horses. Is it true that the Lord is heartless? " Bai Juyi also sighed: "Don't shush, don't cry; Luo returned to the temple and the boudoir. Although I am ill, I am old. Fortunately, I won't die before Ji Xiang. Why abandon my concubine one day? Sue Xi! Sue Xi! Sing a Yang Liuzhi for me. I will think about it, and I will go back to my hometown with you. "

Of course, in the end, Su Fan and Schumann left. Bai Juyi wrote in "Random Thoughts": "In two willow buildings, Yan Na has been with drunkards for many years. Should there be a spring breeze in the world after she is released tomorrow? " Five years in March, today is the end, the guests are all gone, and there is no one. Illness lived with Lotte, and Su Fan came back for some time in the spring. "

At the age of 67, he wrote a biography of Mr. Drunk Sound. This drunken Mr. Yin, of course, is himself. In his biography, he said that there was a man named Mr. Zuiyin, and he didn't know his name, hometown and official position. He only knew that he had been an official for 30 years and retired to Los Angeles. He lives in ponds, bamboo poles, trees, pavilions, pontoons and so on. He likes drinking, reciting poems, playing the piano and playing with drunkards, poetry lovers and piano lovers. This is also the case. Bai Juyi has been to temples, mountains and rivers and spring stones inside and outside Luoyang.

make wine

Bai Juyi's home-brewed wine is of outstanding quality. He wrote a poem for his wine: "in the mouth of the altar, jade liquid is golden grease;" It is pleasant to play and enjoyable to taste; Hospitality, then frown; After four or five minutes of deliberation, I entered the limbs. " ("Bai Juyi Volume"). The history of Bai Juyi's wine-making is not only recorded, but even today, the story of "Bai Juyi's wine-making New Year's Eve to enjoy his neighbors" has been circulated in Weibei for generations.