Snow photography, how to shoot good-looking snow photography?

There are many similarities between ice and snow night scenes and general night scenes, but there are also many differences. The main difference is that there is ice and snow in winter. Because of this, the ice and snow night scenes are more diverse, more hierarchical and more distinctive. How to take a good night view of ice and snow?

First, the exposure should be accurate. As we all know, night photography is much more difficult than daytime photography, especially in cold winter. Among them, the most complicated and headache is the mastery of exposure. In order to get the correct exposure, it is best to take the usual stupid method, which is to expose the same scene several times and then choose from it. Don't trust the exposure meter too much, because the light ratio between the bright part and the shadow part of the night scene is very different, sometimes it can be as high as dozens or even hundreds of times, especially when the picture contains strong light. If you follow the reading of the exposure meter, the negative will be underexposed. The safer method is to measure the readings of bright and dark parts with an exposure meter, and then expose them according to the average value of the two. Then, take the mode of exposure by districts, once in the first grade and once in the first grade. Compare the three negatives after development, which one is suitable.

If bright objects in dark background do not fill the picture, it will lead to exposure error. If possible, the exposure meter can be measured close to the subject or read by a light spot, or it can be measured by an internal photometric telescope alone and exposed according to this reading. If the ground is covered with thick snow, the strong reflection of snow may mean that the photos taken are underexposed. If exposed according to the exposure index measured by the exposure meter, the snow will become very dark. In this case, you should also open the aperture by one or two gears like shooting snow scenes during the day, and the effect will be much better.

Second, make full use of the failure principle of reciprocity law to obtain unusual photos for night photography. Because the light is very weak, the exposure time has to be extended, even if the lens aperture is opened to the maximum. However, it is often unexpected that the problem of "the law of reciprocity is invalid" will occur when the exposure time of color film is too long. This is because the color reproduction of color film is not only related to the amount of light incident on the film (the number of photons reaching each silver halide particle), but also affected by the irradiation length of light source. The effective speed of long-time exposure of film emulsion in dark light will slow down, that is to say, the longer the exposure time, the slower the film responds to light. In this case, the film can only produce a weak and unstable latent image. Moreover, color film is composed of three independent photosensitive films, and their responses to long-term exposure are different, thus changing the color balance and causing color drift. There are four solutions:

① Shooting with a large aperture shortens the exposure time, but often the maximum aperture can't solve the problem.

② Increase the exposure. The exposure increment provided by the manufacturer's manual shall prevail when taking photos. However, for some color films, the manufacturer did not recommend the increment of long-term exposure. Generally speaking, the aperture of one-second exposure needs to be increased by one level, ten-second exposure needs to be increased by two levels, and 100 second exposure needs to be increased by three levels. Of course, this is only a reference, and ultimately it is up to you to accumulate experience in long-term practice.

③ Add a color compensation filter to correct chromatic aberration.

(4) Use the flash for ten thousand times to get the normal color. It is also common to use flash when shooting night scenes, especially when the light is too dim. In order to highlight the outline of the scene or show a part of the scene, we have to use a flash. Please pay attention when using the flash. You must design according to the original lifestyle and give full play to the effect of living light.

Color distortion and color drift caused by long exposure is an abnormal phenomenon, but it can produce extremely beautiful colors we want. Snow is covered with warm purple, and the sky is two-tone. The whole picture is quiet and full of magical colors. For this reason, many photographers have taken advantage of this feature and law of color film to shoot many excellent snow scenes with special visual effects. Interested friends may wish to give it a try.

Third, we must solve the contrast. When shooting night scenes with live light in winter, we often encounter this situation, that is, the brightness difference between bright lights, crystal white snow and dark scenes is too great, which makes it difficult for you to fully show the scenes with different light and dark. Therefore, solving the contrast between light and dark has become the key to the success of shooting ice and snow night photos.

In order to take satisfactory photos under various complicated lighting conditions, photographers must first make a choice before taking pictures. Which part of the picture do you mainly want to show? If the lights on New Year's Eve are on, use strong light. If it shows the snowy evening, it should be exposed according to the snow situation; If it shows the night in a mountain village, it should be exposed according to the average brightness of the scene; If you want to show the details of highlights and shadows, you can expose them according to the shadows, and then increase the aperture by one or two steps. When developing film, we can use undeveloped methods to keep some levels and details of highlights and snow scenes, so as to achieve the ideal balance between light and dark scenes. Although it is impossible to completely reproduce the full range of tone changes from bright scene to dark scene, because that limit range has exceeded the performance of film, it is indeed an effective method to solve the excessive contrast so far.

In addition to overexposure and underexposure, soft developers, such as D-23 or D, should be used.

Dilution method can also deal with excessive contrast. The use of these developers not only keeps the photographic speed and density of film, but also does not hinder the performance of bright parts.

When you shoot color film, especially color reversal film, the problem of contrast between light and dark is even more important, because the tolerance of color film is much smaller than that of black and white film, and only those objects with smaller brightness range can be faithfully recorded, so the light of color reversal film should be "flat" and the contrast should be small to avoid overexposure. Generally speaking, when shooting the night scene of ice and snow, you should use strong light or snow to expose it, and you would rather lose a little shadow, otherwise the snow will be washed in vain, without any life and texture.

Fourth, use special effects filters to enrich the expressive force of the picture. Special effect filters are also very useful in ice and snow night shooting. Using them can get exaggerated effect, thus beautifying the picture and enhancing the artistic appeal of the works. When shooting ice and snow at night, the commonly used special effect dithering mirrors include starlight mirror, gradient filter, refraction mirror, soft light mirror and so on.

The starlight effect of starlight mirror is most obvious in dark background and foreground. When shooting, trees, stones, houses and moving people can be meaningfully treated with backlight or side backlight. In order to make the effect of light more obvious, the exposure of sky and snow can be reduced appropriately.

Refractors have millions of pentagonal rings, which can recombine red, orange, yellow, green, blue, blue and violet light in the spectrum without affecting imaging. The main purpose of this color filter is to deepen the color or darkness of a certain part of the image together with other special-effect pool color mirrors, such as polarizer, medium gray mirror and gradient color filter, so as to make its halo effect more obvious. When the exposure lasts for more than half a minute, if the refractor is rotated, three colored rings will appear on the screen instead of radial rings. Refractor must be used under the premise of point light source. If there is no bright light source, you can flash the camera for 10 thousand times with a flash, and you can also get the ideal effect, but there must be an object to block it.

The gradient color capture mirror has many colors, such as red, blue, purple blue, crimson, yellow, dark brown and gray. In color photography, it is generally used to emphasize the sky and ground effects, which is very useful for shooting ice and snow night scenes. It can easily present various colorful ice and snow night scenes according to the photographer's creative intention. When shooting at night, handle the sky and horizon in the right position, just like natural effects. Another advantage of gradient filter is that both the upper and lower lenses can be used, but in this case, the exposure time should be increased accordingly.

Soft lens is mainly used to shoot portraits, but it also has its special charm when shooting landscapes. In addition, it is like a veil, giving people a soft, quiet and comfortable feeling. If you shoot the night scenes of towns, power stations, stations, construction sites, etc. with lights, using soft mirrors can appear illusory aura and add wonderful interest to the picture. Soft lens is divided into 1

, 2, 3, of which the medium size is suitable.

When taking night photos of cities, factories and bridges, you can also use the traces of automobile taillights to increase the interest of the picture. You can also find an enthusiastic person to shake a flashlight at the camera regularly and get the same effect.

In order to keep the camera stable under the condition of long exposure, you must use a tripod when shooting, and you must be careful when operating it, and there must be no negligence. Otherwise, the camera position will move slightly, and all previous efforts will be in vain.

Fire dancing is the most interesting theme in winter night scenes, which will provide us with many unforgettable moments. Dance fire has its own characteristics because of its different contents. The bonfire party in winter camp is the world of children, where they sing, dance and tell stories, full of joy and fantasy; Photographers can express different themes according to different contents. In order to highlight the characteristics and environment of winter, we also built an ice gate as a foreground, which is still successful; In order to exaggerate the effect of dancing fire, various color films are painted with news lights behind the ice door, which not only enriches the color of the picture, but also increases the three-dimensional sense and space sense of the picture. By shooting this work, I have the following experiences:

① It is most important to grasp the exposure of dancing fire. Generally, it is better to owe a little to avoid overexposure, otherwise the night scene will be photographed during the day; We should use spotlights to pursue natural and true beauty. Flash is unacceptable, it will be self-defeating and lose its sense of reality; (3) Use distinctive scenes, such as ice doors, ice caves, icicles, snowy trees, stones, etc. As the foreground and background, it can not only increase the aesthetic feeling of the picture, but also reflect the characteristics of the season and environment; (4) To have rich imagination and initiative is the key to the success of a work. It is not easy to shoot different styles of works with the same theme. Photographers should use their brains, be brave in being unconventional, mobilize all artistic and technical means, and reflect their creative intentions in order to create perfect and extraordinary works.

Moonlight is beautiful, especially in winter. Careful friends will find that the sky is often blue and the moon is bright in winter nights; The sky in summer night is much worse, and the moon is very high and small, so the moonlight in winter has eternal artistic charm, poetry and more intoxicating.

It's ok to shoot Moonlit Night once or twice. When the moon and the scene are in the same direction, it can be done at one time. When the moon and the scenery are not in the same direction, it can only be exposed twice. The method is to shoot the scene first (cover the sky with your hand), and then shoot the moon according to the position drawn on the ground glass (cover the scene with your hand). Sometimes the moon and the scenery are in the same direction, but in order to exaggerate the moon, you can also expose it twice. Shoot the scene with a standard or wide-angle lens for the first time, and shoot the moon with a high-power telescope for the second time (some multiples are not enough, you can add a rangefinder). For example, the shooting time is late and the scenery is too dark. Long-term exposure (1 min or more) will deform the moon. It can also be exposed twice, first shooting the moon and then shooting the scenery.

It's very important to take a night scene exposure. According to the scene exposure, the sky and the moon will suffer some losses; According to the exposure of the sky, the scenery will be underexposed. The best way to kill two birds with one stone is to expose according to the average value of the scenery and the sky, so that the moon, the sky and the scenery can be better represented. If it is two exposures, it will be much more flexible. You can expose the sky and the scenery separately, and the contrast between them will be more appropriate. Remember, it is best not to overexpose the sky, otherwise the sky will be white without any blue, and it will affect the realism of the moon. Another thing to note is not to let the moon appear and disappear behind the clouds. Yun Zheyue is beautiful in the works of poets and writers, but the photos will be incomplete and not beautiful, so choose a sunny night.