What is the basic principle of perspective?

Perspective-look at the scenery through a transparent plane and study the meaning of their shapes from the surface. Perspective-study the principles and rules of how to project the images we see onto a plane.

The basic principle of perspective is "near is big, far is small". Objects that are near look big, and objects that are far away look small. When the objects in sight are far apart, they become a point in the visual concept.

Element:

The transparent plane is parallel to the painter's face.

② The intersection of the connecting line between the painter's pupil and the object light and the transparent plane converge into a perspective view.

The formation and characteristics of the two visual angle systems;

First, the perspective of moving point: (camera) For example, fix the turning point of the camera and the long lens at one point, push the lens far or near, raise or lower it, or rotate the lens to knead multiple pictures together.

Features:

Delicate brushwork depicts the patterns of flower-and-bird paintings and insect ornaments, and the broad mind accommodates magnificent landscapes, creating a kind of "thousands of miles away".

② Draw an object image with equivalent axonometric projection to reduce the influence of perspective deformation.

③ Combining subjective and scientific phenomena to deal with the relationship between depth of field (near big and far small, near clear and far fuzzy).

④ Use clouds, trees, rivers, etc. As a connecting transition, and organize related but incoherent scenes in a painting.

Fixed-point perspective: The photographic effect of (a camera).

V P (vanishing point)-the point where the perspective line disappears.

G P (ground plane)-the horizontal plane on which the object is placed.

P P (plan)-a vertical plane perpendicular to the base plane.

E. P (eye point)-the position of the observer's eyes.

C P (center point)-the projection of the viewpoint on pp.

E. l (apparent horizon)-a horizontal line drawn across the center on the screen.

S P (standing point)-the position of the observation station.

Ground line-------------and.

F L (footstone)-the line between the object and SP.

Fa, FB, ... (Footpoint)-The intersection of a straight line between an object and a point and a point.

M (measuring point)-the intersection of an arc drawn with the vanishing point as the center and the distance from the viewpoint to the vanishing point as the radius.

A little perspective (indoor)

Definition: The picture is parallel to any two axes of the object.

Second, the painting method: fixed method:

① Draw the back wall (proportional to the actual size) for reference.

② Set EL (high school point).

③ VP (left and right midpoint).

④ perspective line.

⑤ Fixed measuring point m (on EL, the distance from VP ≥ 1/2 width+depth, in the direction of VP deviation).

Pre-positioning method: ① Draw the front drywall (as large as possible) as the datum.

② set EL.

③ set VP.

④ Draw perspective lines.

(5) fixed m point. (> 1/2 drawing width)

Angle perspective (indoor)

Painting: ① Draw a corner line (related to reality).

② Draw GL (a, b, actual).

③ Let EL, M 1, M2(a, b, indent a little).

④ set VP(& gt；; Twice the distance between m and the corner line).

⑤ measurement.

Angle perspective (outdoor)

A, 45 Angle drawing:

① draw EL.

② Determine VP 1, VP2.

③ quartering VP 1-VP2.

④ M 1，M2，CP。

⑤ Corner line of external wall.

⑥ Measure and draw the (outer) upper end.

Second, 60 angle painting: similar to artificial 45.

three-point perspective

Painting: ① Set the E L (elevation).

② VP 1, VP2, M 1, M2, horizontal survey line.

③ Determine VP3 (draw a vertical line near CP and write down a point).

④ Fixed height survey line (parallel lines passing through the base point are LVP 1-VP3).

⑤ M3 (the horizontal line is on the upper side and exists in LVP 1-VP3).

Micro-angle perspective (outdoor)

Painting: ① Draw the main and auxiliary facades.

② Take 1/3 secondary surfaces respectively, and remove the main surface of110 ~1/5.

③ Set V P 1 to complete the quadric surface and push it back to M2.

④ Set the main surface (M 1).

Micro-angle perspective (indoor)

Painting method: ① indoor Parallel perspective drawing (preset method).

② shorten the front wall by (110 ~1/5) B.

③ Draw the micro-angle perspective view of the front wall accurately.

Shadow perspective

Drawing: ① Take the direction V. P' (the vanishing point of light) on the E.L. 。

② cross the v p' with a vertical line.

③ Take the light angle VP on the vertical line ".

Features: ① Shadow also conforms to perspective.

Shadows will rise vertically when they encounter obstacles such as walls.

Enlarge the viewing angle

Methods: Parallel magnification: (Angle perspective)

Key points:

① Parallel

② magnification (bounded by E L)

A vanishing point: (a little perspective)

Key points:

(1) Emit the viewing angle with v p.

② Take the magnification.

When the creator does any painting work, he must regard the picture as a space, and all objects in the picture have volume.

If the creator draws a picture of a room, the viewer can feel that there is a space in this picture when he sees this plane picture. This is the application of perspective principle.