General situation and development trend of photoelectric curtain wall and ecological curtain wall technology?

The following is the general situation and development trend of photoelectric curtain wall and ecological curtain wall technology brought by Zhong Da Consulting for your reference.

Photoelectric curtain wall came into being in the early 20th century. Due to the development of the world economy, some countries have an energy crisis, so they began to develop photoelectric curtain walls. So what is photoelectric curtain wall? It is a new building curtain wall integrating power generation, sound insulation, heat insulation, safety and decoration. It uses photovoltaic cell and photovoltaic panel technology to convert sunlight into electric energy, and its key technology is solar photovoltaic cell technology. Solar photovoltaic cells use the photon energy of sunlight to make the electrons of the irradiated electrolyte or semiconductor material move, thus generating voltage. This phenomenon is called photoelectric effect.

After reinforcement, a plurality of solar cells are embedded in special low-iron glass with high transparency, and connected with each other through wires on the back to form an integral photovoltaic panel. The size and specifications of photovoltaic panels can be made according to the curtain wall grid scheme of practical projects. Under the sunlight, direct current is generated, and the electric energy generated by all photovoltaic electrodes is converted into alternating current through the processes of multipole integrated circuit rectification and transformation, and sent to the user power grid. This curtain wall embodies the characteristics of intelligence. Solar photovoltaic technology is integrated into the curtain wall, which does not occupy the building area. The beautiful appearance of solar photovoltaic panels has a special decorative effect, giving the building a distinctive modern technology color.

In the design, in addition to photovoltaic cells, photovoltaic panels, conductors, integrated circuits, rectifiers and other factors. The traditional functions of curtain wall such as safety, protection, sealing and decoration should also be considered, and all indicators must meet the national standards in order to achieve the best use effect. We should also consider the installation direction, and install the parts where the sun shines for a long time, such as the lintel part or the roof, facing south or southeast and southwest. There is also a double-layer glass curtain wall, which is composed of a double-layer structure. Generally, the inner layer has doors and windows that can be opened. Under the cover of the external curtain wall, even if the outdoor environment is bad, it can ensure the normal opening of the inner doors and windows. It can control the air inlet and outlet of the external curtain wall and the opening of the inner doors and windows. The thermal channel between the inner layer and the outer layer can generate stack effect or greenhouse effect by using solar energy, so as to ensure necessary ventilation and save energy. Its principle was put forward and put into practice as early as 1930s. For example, the glass house designed by French architect Pierre Carlo at that time took advantage of this principle and was first widely used in Germany in the 1980s. For example, the curtain wall project of the business promotion center in Duisburg, Germany, the curtain wall project of the post office building in Bonn, the curtain wall project of the research institute of Paris University in France, and the curtain wall project of the western chemical center in New York, USA, etc., are called double glass curtain walls of typical high-rise buildings. The curtain wall of this high-tech product has made great breakthroughs in improving the thermal insulation performance, ecological and environmental protection functions and saving energy consumption.

Followed by the ecological curtain wall, with the development of ecological architecture, what is ecological architecture? According to the use function or requirement of the building, the building that can change the building ecology and color is called ecological building. According to the use function or requirements, the building curtain wall that can change the ecology and color is called ecological curtain wall. Ecological curtain wall is a kind of ecological building, and it is a building with ecological enclosure structure. It takes "sustainable development" as the strategy, takes the adopted high technology as the guidance, focuses on the bioclimate buffer layer, saves resources and reduces pollution, and is a healthy and comfortable ecological building envelope.

Bio-climate buffer layer (BBL) refers to the buffer zone established between the building and the surrounding ecological environment by designing and processing building entities and building details through the combination of building components or building groups within the framework of the ecological system structure, which can not only prevent the indoor impact of various extreme climates to a certain extent, but also strengthen the effects of various microclimate adjustments, thus meeting people's various comfort requirements and achieving the purpose of moderate energy saving. BBL can be as large as streets, squares and other spaces, or it can be the outer envelope of buildings, the atrium of buildings and other spaces, or it can be as small as the detailed structure of buildings. It goes beyond the scope of conventional architecture and architectural engineering and becomes a systematic project. Architects, structural engineers and curtain wall engineers need to be familiar with the principle of mechanical transmission and know the knowledge of mechanical processing, assembly, physics, chemistry and automatic control, which requires the cooperation of many disciplines and the full cooperation of all professions.

Ecological architecture and ecological curtain wall introduce time into three-dimensional space, which has unique significance in function and aesthetics. It can be called "four-dimensional architecture", that is, static and dynamic, closed and open, convergent and open, space and time, which makes the building and curtain wall have a more distinct musical rhythm. It has changed the shape and color of traditional buildings and curtain walls for life, broadened the new vision and technology of buildings and curtain walls, and is a supplement and expansion to the practice and theory of modern buildings and curtain walls, with independent value and significance. This kind of curtain wall was developed and used earlier in Germany, with mature technology and extensive development. Typical projects such as Derbyshire Mansion in Berlin, Frankfurt Bank Mansion, 42nd Street New Studio in new york, United States, Office Building of British Institute of Architecture and Delft University Library in the Netherlands all belong to this kind of curtain wall.

It can be seen that with the progress of science and the development and utilization of comprehensive technologies, especially the development of new technologies, new processes and new materials, the development of curtain wall is the essence, so the ecological curtain wall is the comprehensive embodiment of science and technology.

I think there are five main differences between the design concept of ecological curtain wall and the design concept of traditional curtain wall:

1. Attitude towards the natural ecological environment: The traditional design concept is that curtain walls are separated from the natural ecological environment, and natural ventilation is not considered enough; The idea of ecological design is that curtain wall and natural ecological environment constitute a unified organism. Carefully designed natural ventilation.

2. Attitude towards resources and energy: traditionally, there is no or little consideration about effective resource and energy recovery and its impact on the ecological environment; In ecology, we should consider saving energy, reusing resources, protecting the ecological environment and actively using natural energy such as solar energy.

3. Design basis: Traditionally, design is based on the requirements of function, performance and cost; Ecology is designed according to environmental benefits, eco-environmental indicators and functions, performance and cost.

4. Design purpose: Traditionally, people's demand for the beauty and function of curtain wall is the main design purpose; Ecology is designed for human needs and environment, and its ultimate goal is to create a comfortable and healthy living environment, improve the comprehensive benefits of nature, economy and society, and meet the requirements of sustainable development.

5. Construction technology or technology: Traditionally, the recycling of materials is rarely considered in the process of construction and use; The ecology is detachable in the process of construction and use, easy to recycle, without toxic side effects and less waste.

For example, the bank building in Frankfurt is a typical example: it was designed in 1997, and its designer norman foster proposed that energy saving is not the ultimate goal, and the basic principle of design is to save energy as much as possible on the premise of ensuring natural ventilation and healthy and comfortable ecological environment. In order to achieve this goal, the architect carefully designed the double-layer glass curtain wall of the facade, the unity of the internal space and the building structure. This building is a 50-story triangular tower. There are core spaces in all three corners of the tower, including elevators, stairs and service desk. These core spaces constitute a supporting structure system of one office unit every eight floors. The building is hollow, forming a high atrium, and its stack effect exhausts the whole building. The atrium is divided into several parts by glass ceiling every other 12 floor to block airflow or smoke accumulation. The 52nd floor is divided into four office units, and each office unit has a four-story hanging garden with rich plants. The outer side of the hanging garden is a double-layer glass curtain wall, and outdoor air enters the hot channel between the inner and outer glass curtain walls through the air inlet of the outer wall. The openable window is arranged on the inner glass curtain wall. Even in the worst weather, the opening of the top window will not be disturbed by strong wind, thus ensuring the natural ventilation of the whole building. The same is true of the window on the side of the office facing the atrium. Photosynthesis of garden plants, natural ventilation of double-layer glass curtain wall, and ventilation of atrium stack effect all constitute the "lung" of the building. Green plants are introduced indoors to create a humanized space in contact with nature, also known as "ecological hut". Foster claims that this design is the first living high-rise building in the world that can breathe naturally.

The standard floor, structure and traffic core of the tower of this building are all in the corner. In this way, part of China was liberated to accommodate the atrium and garden. You can enjoy the sunshine in the coffee shop in one of the indoor squares. At the junction of the office and the scenic spot, these gardens in the workspace are directly connected, allowing people to enjoy natural ventilation. The outer office is ventilated by double curtain wall, and the inner office is ventilated by atrium garden. In winter, the computer will close the windows of the interior curtain wall and naturally ventilate through the atrium; In summer, the window can be opened very wide, which has been obtained in the through flow. Foster successfully introduced the natural landscape into the super-high-rise centralized office building, which integrated the high-density lifestyle of the city with the natural ecological environment. It is called the first "ecological super-high-rise building" in the world, and the corresponding double-layer glass curtain wall is also an ecological breathing curtain wall. This building is an example of the cooperation between architects and curtain wall designers and the successful application of BBL technology.

In a word, the ecological curtain wall is a new structural curtain wall and a new concept curtain wall, which must be designed together with the ecological building, and the ecological curtain wall is the main component of the ecological building. With the development of science and technology, computers provide strong support for the implementation of ecological curtain wall. As a part of ecological architecture, the emergence and development of ecological curtain wall is the necessity of historical, social and economic development, and it is also a symbol of human progress. The 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China has planned a beautiful new era for us. The new era needs new buildings, new curtain walls and new doors and windows. Ecological curtain wall doors and windows are such new products and buildings facing the new era in the future.

The characteristics of curtain wall in this era are: adopting new technologies such as green environmental protection and intelligent ecological development to further improve the use function and comfort of curtain wall.

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