What was Zhu Yuanzhang like in the history of Fenghua in Daming?

What Zhu Yuanzhang looks like in history has never been decided, because the difference between the two portraits of Zhu Yuanzhang is really too great. One is extremely ugly, but the other is normal. In Daming Fenghua, Zhu Yuanzhang's appearance is very terrible in Judy's memory, that is, the so-called shoe-pulled face. Is that really the case? What did Zhu Yuanzhang look like in history? Why does this play make him look so terrible?

Why does Zhu Yuanzhang look strange in Daming Fenghua? What is it like in history?

The recently broadcast TV series "Daming Fenghua" "restored" Zhu Yuanzhang's appearance, but it caused quite a controversy.

In the play, the Ming emperor Judy often had nightmares because he was worried about what he had done. One day, he saw his father Zhu Yuanzhang again in his dream: he turned around slowly and immediately frightened Judy.

But it was not only Judy in the play who was shocked, but also countless audiences outside the screen: "How did Zhu Yuanzhang become like this? ! ""God, I'm going to have a psychological shadow! "

In the picture, Zhu Yuanzhang's eyebrows are raised, his nose is towering and his expression is ferocious. A "shoehorn face" seems to restore the famous portrait. But historically, does he really look like this?

Let's look at the written records in the history books first.

According to Ming Taizu, Zhu Yuanzhang went to Haozhou to join the army, and Guo Zixing regarded Zhu Yuanzhang as a "strange man". When Tao An first met Zhu Yuanzhang, he said, "Zi Long is a phoenix, which is very human."

There is such a description in the Ming Dynasty's "Xiaoling Xiande Monument": "The dragon must be long and gloomy, but the strange bones on its neck are hidden to the top, and it looks like a god."

The long beard is dignified, but there is a slightly strange word at the back: there is a strange bone at the back of the neck, along the back of the head to the top of the head.

"A Record of Ming Taizu" once explained: "The dreamer put a wall on his neck, and then his neck ached slightly, and he suspected that he was ill. With medicine, there is no inspection, and then it becomes a bone, which is very different. " Generally speaking, someone put jade on Zhu Yuanzhang's neck in a dream, which made his neck bulge with a bag and hurt slightly. Later, the medicine was not cured and wrapped into bones.

Judging from these official historical materials, it is actually difficult for us to judge what Zhu Yuanzhang's face looks like. Moreover, the standards of beauty and ugliness of Ming people are not consistent with today's, only one thing is certain-Zhu Yuanzhang's appearance is different from ordinary people.

Compared with the official records, the descriptions of Zhu Yuanzhang's appearance in folk historical books are obviously more diverse.

Lu Rong, an official who was active in Chenghua period of Ming Dynasty, recorded such an anecdote in his Garden Miscellanies: someone painted a vivid portrait of Zhu Yuanzhang, but he was not rewarded; When some people paint, "Mu Mu's capacity is added to the shape", and Zhu Yuanzhang was very satisfied with the result.

Hans Zhang, an official in Jiajing and Wanli periods of the Ming Dynasty, wrote in Song Window Dream that he had seen Zhu Yuanzhang's portrait with his own eyes in Wuying Hall. He is described as "hairy, with huge eyebrows, straight nose and long lips, and his face is like a full moon, so he will not be full." However, there is another sentence behind this-very different from the image circulated by the people.

This shows that in the middle and late Ming Dynasty, the appearance of Zhu Yuanzhang was inconsistent between the government and the people.

In addition, there are many rumors circulating among the people. Hans Zhang said that it was said that many painters were killed while painting Zhu Yuanzhang's portrait. The implication is that the official portrait of Zhu Yuanzhang may not be a true portrayal, but Hans Zhang added that the truth of these rumors is "unknown".

It should be noted that these officials did not live in the era of Zhu Yuanzhang. When Lu Rong was born, Zhu Yuanzhang had been dead for nearly 40 years, and Zhang Han became an official directly in the middle and late Ming Dynasty.

The articles of these Daming officials also revealed that Zhu Yuanzhang had his portrait when he was alive, and the portrait of Zhu Yuanzhang circulated among the people after his death was quite different from the official portrait.

From today's perspective, the "painting style" of Zhu Yuanzhang's portraits is also very different: one is pockmarked and lost face exposed, and the other is well-featured, kind and serene.

According to the textual research of Hu Jing's "Nanxun Temple Map" in Qing Dynasty, there were 63 portraits of Ming princesses in Nanxun Hall of the Forbidden City in Beijing at that time, including 28 vertical axes and 35 pages. Zhu Yuanzhang has the most portraits, and one person has 13 portraits.

According to today's aesthetic standards, only two of the 13 portraits are beautiful, while as many as 1 1 are ugly. Moreover, the ugly appearance is basically the same: the forehead, chin and cheeks are prominent, the eyebrows are deep, the beard is thick, the nose is like garlic, the mouth is like a pig, showing the so-called "five mountains" shape, and the face is covered with pockmarked.

These ugly images are very similar to those of Zhu Yuanzhang in the TV series Daming Fenghua.

The same person has two different looks, and the difference is so great that it is rare in history. But the reason why this real person is different from the portrait is that, in addition to the lack of photography technology in those days, the painters who painted "Yu Rong" for the emperor all pursued such standards: they should not only look similar to the emperor himself, but also reflect the charm of the emperor's "real dragon son of heaven".

There is a joke circulating on the Internet. If you carefully observe Qin Shihuang, Zhuge Liang, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty and Yan Zhenqing in the textbook, you will find a magical discovery: a pumpkin's face, swollen eyes and long beard look similar except what he wears on his head and body.

The official portraits of Zhu Yuanzhang and Judy in the Ming Dynasty are not much different, just like the same mold.

In the early Ming Dynasty, during the reign of Hongwu and Yongle, the painter Elvis Presley served in the court. In his book "Calligraphy and Painting", he said: "It is difficult to write portraits, especially to write imperial looks."

As a painter of ancient emperors, this difficulty is not difficult to understand. But it also caused a "distortion".