Film and television production process

Film and television production process

Television media has become the most popular and influential media form at present. From the fantasy world created by Hollywood movies, to the real life concerned by TV news, and then to the overwhelming TV advertisements, all have a profound impact on our world. In the commercial chain of film and television, copyright is an insurmountable threshold.

1). Film and television editing process.

Generally speaking, the process of film and television production includes all the working processes necessary to weave the original material lens into a film and television program.

It includes the following steps:

(1) finishing materials

The so-called material refers to the unedited (or spliced) video and audio files obtained by users through various means, all of which are digital files. When shooting a movie, it is necessary to input the sound and picture images in the movie into a computer, convert them into digital files, and then process them. The materials here can refer to:

Video files from video cameras, video recorders or other instruments that can capture digital video;

Windows video or fast video; Created by Adobe Premiere or other software;

Adobe Photoshop files;

Adobe Illustrator file;

Digital audio, various digital sounds, electronic synthesized music and music; Various animation files (. fli，。 fic)； Files with different image formats, such as BMP, TIF and GIF.

(2) Determine the cutting point (cut-in point and cut-out point) and the way of lens switching.

When editing, you can choose the video and audio files you want to edit, and set appropriate editing points for them, so that you can change the time length of the material and delete unnecessary material. Shot switching refers to connecting two shots together, so that one shot suddenly ends and the next shot starts immediately. In film and television production, this not only refers to the actual physical bonding of films (film splicing), but also refers to the artificial picture effect. Premiere 6.0 can switch shots in the material, which is actually a transitional effect provided by the software. The operation process is as follows: place the material in the separate tracks of Video 1A and Video 1B in the timeline window, and then place the transition effect selected in the transition effect window in the T track.

(3) making an edit point record table

The traditional film editing work can not be separated from finding and selecting shots on tape or film. The edit point actually refers to the display number on the tape corresponding to a specific frame map. When operating the video recorder to find a frame of image, the corresponding number will be displayed on the digital counter. Once the number is determined, the corresponding frame picture will be determined, and it can be considered that an editing point (generally called the coding of frame picture) has been determined. This problem will be involved when the premiere program outputs a series of frame images, which will be introduced in later chapters). There are two editing points, namely the cut-in point and the cut-out point. After editing the material with Adobe Premiere 6.0, an editing point EDL will be compiled to record all the editing conditions of the material. On the one hand, it is beneficial to match the clips of the two materials when synthesizing video and audio, so that the sound and picture of the clips can be played synchronously. On the other hand, making an edit point record table is very helpful for identifying and sorting out each video and audio. Its advantages are more obvious when shooting large films and editing a lot of materials.

(4) Synthetically editing the material into a program.

The editor will assemble and edit the actual shots according to the needs of the director and the plot of the film. He must choose the correct editing point to make the film not flicker when playing. In the timeline window of Premiere, you can group different materials into the whole clip according to the specified playback order. In Premiere, the accurate connection of materials can be realized through the operation of accurate frames.

(5) Superimpose titles, subtitles and graphics in the program.

Adobe Premiere's title window tool provides a space for producers to show their artistic creation and imagination. Through these tools, users can create and add various distinctive text titles (only 2D) or geometric images for their movies, and realize various effects on them, such as scrolling, shadow generation and gradient generation. In the past, the traditional subtitle production or graphic effect production had to shoot the real thing first, and then make the so-called insert, which could be realized by the editors adding the insert to the film.

(6) Add sound effects

Generally speaking, video is edited first, and then audio is edited. Adding sound effects is an indispensable work in film and television production. Premiere can add more musical effects to movies while editing video and audio.

2). Editing methods of movies

The production of different programs requires different editing methods in sound and image processing:

(1) online editing

Online mode refers to the completion of all the work needed from the rough editing of the material to the final film on the same computer. Generally speaking, it is to edit the material on the hard disk directly. Users with advanced computer terminals can make radio, television or cartoons online. It is worth noting that when editing digital files by this method, all editors must ensure the normal operation of the computer in order to achieve real online.

(2) Offline editing.

When editing offline, all copies of the original film are used, and finally their final programs are output with advanced terminal equipment. Offline mode mainly requires the use of personal computers and Premiere software. Once Premiere has finished offline editing, it creates a series of EDL, which is the edit point record table mentioned above, and then moves the EDL into an editor with an advanced terminal. According to EDL's description of the editing process, the editor will reprocess the program into a high-quality film. This is actually the use of advanced terminal equipment to produce the final product. When offline editing is used in the timeline window of Premiere, it is enough to see only the thumbnails of the first and last frames of the material, including some frames of the material. This happens because offline editing only emphasizes the editing speed but not the film quality, which is related to the quality of the original material and the final advanced terminal editor.

Note: To generate the correct EDL, it is necessary to ensure that all the collected materials must use the time code consistent with the high-end (computer output equipment) time code. The batch capture function provided by Premiere can quickly edit large-scale programs by using the settings needed for low-quality processing. In addition, after the final movie program is made, you can also use advanced settings to digitize the program again, so as to obtain better quality.

(3) Alternative editing and joint editing

Replacing clips is to change the content of the original film festival, that is, to replace the original content with the content of new clips. Joint editing is to combine the picture of video with the sound of audio, that is, to synthesize audio and video. They are the most commonly used editing methods.

Note: What kind of editing depends on the quality of editing equipment and the compatibility of software and hardware. In addition, the capture settings of video and audio capture are also closely related to the editing form adopted by users.

3). Transition

Post-production also includes transitional work. Transition is also a scene change, which is a technical job. Different scene changes can produce different artistic effects. If you want to cut into some common transitions (fade in and out, cut in and cut out, etc.). ), you can't achieve the above effect, so you are using Adobe.

The premiere should consider all kinds of transitions when cutting into the transition for the film. What is realized now is the so-called electronic editing, which uses electronic means (such as premiere software) to combine the selected scenes and film clips that realize the transition into a preliminary program copy or make a TV program. The transition effect is realized in Premiere, which provides a variety of special effects, and many transition effects can be easily made with it. Here are some transitions commonly used in movies.

(1) Fade in and out

Fade-in, also known as fade-in, means that the next shot of the film gradually emerges from the all-black background. This process usually takes 2 to 3 seconds. In Premiere, you can enlarge or shorten the fade-in length, and you can also control its degree. Fading out, also known as hiding, refers to the gradual disappearance of film lenses from clear to completely black lenses. Fading in and out is a common transitional effect in Adobe Premiere 6.0.

(2) Row

Stroke, also known as "changing strokes", means that while the previous shot is gradually opened, the next shot appears in an empty position. This is also the process of alternating front and back shots, but it is achieved through the state of "painting". Scratches can be divided into circle in and circle out, curtain in and curtain out, etc. As the name implies, if the previous lens picture gradually changes from a full circle to a point, the next picture gradually changes from this point to a full circle, which is called lens circle in and out; If it is not a circular form, but a roller shutter form, it is called curtain in and curtain out, which realizes the alternating change of front and rear lens images. In many films, brush strokes are used to make the film concise and add color.

(3) overlapping

Overlap actually refers to the overlapping effect of two shots. As mentioned above, the static picture flies into the screen, and the static picture overlaps with the frame picture of the background. When making overlapping transition in Premiere, it is necessary to set the transparency of the material on the additional track and choose the appropriate color channel for it. For example, if two or more images overlap in the video, if an appropriate channel is not selected to ensure a certain transparency, the image in the additional track will completely cover the main display frame image, which is undesirable. There are also some problems when they overlap. For example, a transparent water cup will have different effects on a colored and black background, especially on the edge that overlaps with the background, and there will be slight visual differences.

(4) Shake the lens

Panning is to put the camera in a fixed position and rotate it in place, and then the camera panned to shoot, or the camera panned (followed) with the subject. The materials produced by translation are often used in movies to introduce the environment or highlight the significance and purpose of characters' actions. Generally divided into left-right translation, vertical translation, fast translation and slow translation. Adobe Premiere often uses two technologies: left-right translation and vertical translation.

(5) Push-pull lens

Zoom-in: The position of the figure is static, and the lens moves from close-up or other scenery to the far side of the figure to become the middle or panorama, thus showing the activities carried out by the figure or the relationship between the object and the figure and the environment.

Push shot: the position of the person is still, and the shot moves from close-up or other scenery to close-up of the person and becomes close-up or close-up. The effect is that the audience can deeply feel the inner activities of the role from the shot material.

4). General technology

(1) Transparency: Transparency. It makes the material overlap with another material, and there is no other additional effect. As mentioned above, when making overlapping transition, the overlapping effect of the frame edges of two materials should be considered. Regarding the setting of transparency, Premiere provides more than 20 channels to choose from. Different channels have different transparency treatments. For the parameter values of each channel, you can use a control named Keyframe to find a specific pixel in the picture, so as to adjust its transparency and realize the change of picture color or brightness.

(2) Filter: The filter technology is the same as that provided by other image processing software of Adobe, with the same function, such as the filter provided by Adobe Photoshop. Filters are mainly used to deal with the quality of images, and audio processing often uses filtering technology. The Fastslow.avi of Premiere 6.0' s own file Ztour.ppj uses a camera blur filter. By defining the average algorithm, it averages the adjacent pixels of lines and shadow areas in the image, thus producing the effect of smooth transition between consecutive images.

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