High school geography and agricultural knowledge points

China is a traditional agricultural country with a large population, which has laid a huge market foundation for agricultural development in China. I have sorted out the knowledge points of geography and agriculture in senior high school here, hoping to help you.

High school geography and agricultural knowledge points

(1) Why can smoke screens be used to prevent frost in winter farmland in northern China?

Answer: The smoke screen is mainly CO2, which can absorb ground radiation and enhance atmospheric inverse radiation.

The thermal insulation effect of the ground is discussed.

(2) The influence of monsoon climate on agricultural development:

Benefits: rain and heat are in the same period, which is beneficial to crop growth.

Disadvantages: frequent droughts and floods.

Variant 1: the influence of temperate monsoon climate (Huanghuaihai Plain) on cotton planting;

Advantages: ① It is hot and rainy in summer, which is beneficial to cotton growth;

(2) Less rain and sunny weather in autumn are beneficial to the later growth and harvest of cotton;

(3) the terrain is flat, which is beneficial to mass production;

④ Loose soil is suitable for cotton roots to extend deep.

Disadvantages: the sowing date coincides with the spring drought, and the irrigation water source is insufficient.

Variant 2: Bangladesh is densely populated. Under the conditions of topography and climate, the agricultural regional type formed in most areas is rice planting, which shows that the climate and topography of the country have adverse effects on the development of this type of agriculture.

(1) the rainy season precipitation concentration (rainstorm), low ground, poor drainage, resulting in floods;

(2) If the rainy season comes late and goes far (the precipitation variability in tropical monsoon climate is large, and the water demand for rice growth is large at this time)

Early (or less precipitation). Form drought.

⑶ Analysis of agricultural location in some areas of China;

A. Agricultural production in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau:

The advantages are:

① The terrain is high, the air is thin, the attenuation of solar radiation by the atmosphere is small, the sunlight is sufficient, and the photosynthesis of plants is strong;

② The temperature difference between day and night is large, which is beneficial to the transformation of saccharides;

(3) Cold, weak life activity and long growth cycle are conducive to reducing consumption and increasing nutrient accumulation;

(4) There is more night rain, which is conducive to reducing evaporation and allowing plants to fully absorb and utilize it;

⑤ The valley area has high accumulated temperature and convenient irrigation.

Main constraints:

(1) Precipitation is scarce and water resources are insufficient;

② The terrain is complex, the temperature is too low, and the growth period is short;

(3) backward economy and technology, lack of funds and inconvenient transportation;

④ The terrain is undulating, the ecology is fragile, and the cultivated land area is small.

For example, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has high terrain and low temperature, but high crop yield. Please analyze the main reasons:

① Good lighting conditions and strong photosynthesis of plants;

② The temperature difference between day and night is large, and the respiration of plants at night is weak, which is beneficial to the accumulation of organic matter.

B. Reasons for the abundance of long-staple cotton in southern Xinjiang (Indus River and Nile Delta):

① More sunny days, less precipitation, long sunshine time and sufficient sunshine in summer;

② Strong solar radiation and high temperature in summer;

(3) There is Tianshan snow melt water for irrigation, and the irrigation conditions are convenient;

④ The soil is loose, sandy and fertile.

(Nile Delta: rich in light and heat resources, with irrigation water, fertile soil and flat terrain. )

C. Commodity grain agriculture: Northeast China, USA

Basic characteristics: large production scale, high mechanization level and high commodity rate of agricultural products;

Analysis of location factors:

Natural factors: ① temperate monsoon climate, high temperature and rainy summer, rain and heat at the same time;

② The terrain is flat and open; ③ The cultivated land area is vast;

④ Fertile soil; ⑤ There is plenty of water.

Socio-economic factors:

① The land is vast and sparsely populated, and the commodity rate of agricultural products is high; ② Large production scale and high mechanization level;

③ Convenient transportation; ④ Broad market;

⑤ The industry is relatively developed; ⑥ National policy support.

Disadvantages: ① insufficient heat; ② Land desertification and soil erosion are aggravated;

③ Soil fertility declined; ④ Winter is affected by cold wave and freezing injury.

Comparison of similarities and differences with American commodity grain agriculture;

Similarity; ① The agricultural geographical types are the same; ② The land is vast and sparsely populated, and the commodity rate of agricultural products is high;

③ Large production scale and high mechanization level; ④ Convenient transportation;

⑤ Broad market; ⑥ The industry is relatively developed;

⑦ The natural conditions of agricultural production process are similar.

Differences: ① Different modes of operation, mainly family farmers in the United States and state-owned farms in China;

② There are differences in the level of science and technology;

③ Different levels of specialization;

(4) the grain output is different, and the grain output in the United States is high.

What are the advantages of land resources in Northeast China?

① The cultivated land area is large, with more cultivated land per capita;

② Cultivated land is concentrated and contiguous, which is suitable for large-scale mechanized farming;

③ The soil is fertile, including black soil and chernozem.

Problems and countermeasures in agricultural development in northeast China;

question

measure

The black soil layer becomes thinner and the soil fertility decreases.

① Strengthen fertilization of black soil, increase the application of organic fertilizer, and improve the fertility of black soil;

② Afforestation, soil and water conservation and black soil protection.

Forest resources decrease, the coverage rate decreases, the quality decreases, and the damage is serious.

(1) give priority to with afforestation;

(2) reasonable logging;

③ Strengthen the construction of nature reserves.

The wetland system was destroyed and the wetland area was reduced.

① Establish wetland reserves to protect existing wetlands;

(2) "Returning Farmland to Humidity";

③ Take engineering measures to restore degraded wetlands.

D suburban agriculture: Shanghai suburban agriculture (vegetables, meat, eggs, milk and gardening)

Position analysis:

Natural factors: sufficient heat, rain and heat at the same time; Flat terrain and fertile soil; There is plenty of water.

Socio-economic factors: ① large market consumption;

② Convenient transportation;

③ The unit area value of developing flowers, vegetables and other crops is high, and it can be even higher.

Economic benefits;

④ Small land area is conducive to intensive production.

Development direction: green agriculture; Sightseeing agriculture; ecotourism

E. Agriculture in hilly areas of southern China:

I. Analysis of location factors:

Location advantage:

The terrain is mainly low mountains and hills, and there are plenty of light and hot water in tropical and subtropical humid areas; Rich in biological species; Land types are diverse; Agriculture has the greatest development potential and is less difficult to develop; Less land and more people, early development.

Agricultural constraints:

① Affected by unstable monsoon activities, droughts and floods are frequent, and meteorological disasters such as cold wave and summer drought are frequent;

② Complex terrain, difficult development and utilization, fragile ecology, concentrated rainstorm and serious soil erosion;

(3) Red and yellow soil is dominant, with low organic matter content, strong acidity and heavy soil;

④ The biological species used in agriculture are single and the management methods are extremely extensive.

B, all-round development and improvement and development direction:

① Take the road of three-dimensional agriculture, adjust the industrial structure and actively cultivate advantageous industries;

② Increase investment in science and technology, improve soil, reform farming system and irrigation technology, and make full use of mountain resources.

Transforming resource advantages into economic advantages;

③ Closing hillsides to facilitate afforestation and planting grass, controlling soil erosion and strengthening ecological construction;

(4) Promote the deep processing of agricultural products and increase the added value of agricultural products. According to the changes of domestic and international markets,

Focus on developing characteristic agriculture in mountainous areas.

F. Rice cultivation in China: Typical areas: Taihu Plain, Pearl River Delta, etc.

Analysis of location advantage:

① Natural factors:

Sufficient heat, rain and heat at the same time; Delta terrain is flat; Fertile soil; The river network is dense and the water is abundant.

② Socio-economic factors:

High degree of mechanization; Convenient transportation; Broad market; The industry is relatively developed; Developed science and technology; National policy support

Insufficient: more people and less land; Affected by floods caused by typhoons and rainstorms; Harm of acid rain

G. Animal husbandry: Typical area: Inner Mongolia grassland (four grasslands: Inner Mongolia, Qinghai, Xinjiang and Tibet)

Analysis of location factors:

① Natural factors:

The grassland area is vast; No large carnivores; There is more precipitation in summer in the eastern region, which is beneficial to pasture growth. ② Socio-economic factors:

Rich experience in animal husbandry production; Broad market potential; National policy support, etc.

Disadvantages: dry climate, less precipitation; Grassland degradation; Intensified desertification; Winter snowstorm and cold wave influence;

The plague of rats and locusts is serious.

H. bazi agriculture in Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau and colorful agriculture;

Advantages are low latitude and sufficient water and heat;

Disadvantages are rugged surface, lack of water and poor soil.

(4) Agriculture in some parts of the world:

A. favorable conditions for developing dairy industry in western Europe (northeastern United States):

① High latitude, low temperature, heavy cloud cover, heavy rain, weak light and poor soil are not suitable for planting.

Suitable for the growth of succulent pasture. (Natural conditions)

② dense population and cities, large market demand, convenient transportation and developed economy (socio-economic conditions)

B. Business model of tropical cash crops: enterprise plantations.

Production characteristics: large production scale and high commodity rate.

Distribution: South Asia, Southeast Asia, sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America.

Characteristics of the host country's economic structure: a single economy dominated by tropical enterprise plantations

How does the host country develop its economy?

(1) continue to give full play to its advantages and do a good job in the production of tropical cash crops;

Pay close attention to grain production and strive to increase grain output;

③ Adjust the industrial structure and establish an independent and complete industrial system and national economic system;

④ Strengthening "South-South cooperation";

⑤ Strengthen the "North-South Dialogue" and establish a new international economic order.

C. favorable conditions for the development of animal husbandry in Australia:

① There are large areas of arid and semi-arid areas and excellent grasslands;

② There are many artesian wells for livestock to drink;

③ No large wild carnivores.

D. Production characteristics of mixed agriculture (Australia)

(1) alternately planting wheat, pasture or fallow on the farm land can fully maintain the fertility of the soil and form a benign

Agricultural ecosystem;

② Effective and reasonable farming arrangements should be carried out alternately between wheat planting activities and sheep grazing activities within one year;

(3) Farmers can decide whether to choose a variety of wheat or sheep according to market demand, so agricultural production has great flexibility and flexibility.

Adaptability to the market.

For example, when is the busy season and slack season for wheat planting? What about raising sheep?

The peak season of wheat planting is autumn and spring, and the off-season is winter;

The busy farming season for raising sheep is winter, and the slack farming season is autumn and spring.

E agriculture in central Asia is dominated by desert animal husbandry and irrigated agriculture for the following reasons:

(1) Central Asia is deeply inland, with temperate continental climate, scarce precipitation and grassland and desert as the main vegetation.

Suitable for developing desert animal husbandry;

There are rivers such as Irtysh River, Amu Darya River and Syr Darya River, so irrigated agriculture should be developed.

F. Pastoral pastoral: Argentine pampas grassland

A. location factors:

Natural factors: mild climate, lush grass and large grassland area;

Socio-economic factors:

The land is vast and sparsely populated, and the land rent is low;

② Close to the harbour; The improvement of traffic conditions and the progress of refrigeration technology.

B. Problems in pastoral areas of China: relying on the sky to raise livestock, ecological destruction, low livestock carrying capacity and low efficiency.

C. The reference of China pastoral area: the construction of artificial grassland; Grazing law; Development of traffic conditions and processing system in pastoral areas.

5] China's main commodity agricultural base.

① Nine commodity grain bases: Taihu Plain, Dongting Lake Plain, Jianghan Plain, Poyang Lake Plain, Chengdu Plain,

Pearl River Delta; Jianghuai area; Songnen Plain and Sanjiang Plain

② Five commodity cotton bases: Jianghan Plain; Central and southern Hebei, northwestern Shandong and northern Henan plain; The Yangtze River is coastal and flat along the river.

Original; Huanghuai plain; Southern Xinjiang

③ Three export commodity bases: Taihu Plain, Minnan Delta and Pearl River Delta.

[6] Multiple cropping index problem:

① Reasons for low multiple cropping index and yield in Russia: high latitude and insufficient heat in agricultural production.

② Australian multiple cropping index:

Low latitude, but low multiple cropping index, because:

Related to the agricultural economic structure, the mixed agricultural area is alternately wheat and shepherd.

Wheat multiple cropping index is low, and there are many fallows.

The beneficial effects of low multiple cropping index on land are: it is beneficial to the restoration of soil fertility.

③ The reason of high multiple cropping index in China is low latitude and less arable land per capita.

Once there is a problem with food:

A. world food problems and ways to solve them:

A. causes of the world food problem:

(1) unbalanced production in grain areas;

② The developing countries are backward in grain production, single in economic structure, rapid in population growth and prominent in poverty;

(3) Bound by the old economic order.

B. the main ways to solve the food problem:

① Develop agricultural technology, adjust agricultural structure, and strive to increase grain output;

② Controlling population growth, improving population quality and actively developing national economy;

③ Strengthen international cooperation and dialogue and establish a fair and reasonable new international economic order.

B. Food problems and countermeasures in China

A. Causes of food pressure in China:

① The population base is large, the growth rate is fast, and the food demand is large;

(2) The terrain is complex, mainly plateau and mountain, and the proportion of cultivated land is small;

③ The land productivity is unbalanced, the overall strength of agricultural science and technology level is low, and the grain output per unit area is small;

④ Agricultural natural disasters are frequent and food production is unstable;

(5) The scale of industrial and urban land is expanding, and the cultivated land area is decreasing;

⑥ The adjustment of agricultural industrial structure and the change of market demand lead to the decline of traditional grain planting status.

B. the main ways to solve the food pressure:

(1) Cherish and rationally use every inch of land and effectively protect cultivated land;

(2) increase investment in science and technology to cultivate improved varieties, actively transform low-and medium-yield fields, and improve yield and quality per unit area;

(3) While ensuring the "basic balance" between grain supply and demand, actively carry out diversified operations and develop "high-quality, efficient and green" grain production.

High-yield and efficient agriculture ";

(4) Adjust the agricultural industrial structure to meet people's rich and varied living needs and increase farmers' economic income.

Improve people's food structure.

C. food problems in africa:

A. Outstanding reasons:

① The natural population growth rate is high;

② harsh natural conditions;

(3) Indiscriminate cultivation and grazing aggravated drought and land desertification;

B. Take measures to:

① Protect the natural environment and improve the production level of agriculture and animal husbandry;

(2) controlling the population growth rate and improving the cultural quality of the people;

③ Strengthen national unity.

D. Reasons for water and food shortage in Singapore:

(1) the land area is small, although it is located in the tropical rain forest area, but there are no big rivers and the runoff is small;

The land area is small, the cultivated land area is small and the grain output is low.

As the United States, India's land area is smaller than China's, but the cultivated land area is much larger than China's, because:

(Climate and Terrain Analysis)

(1) The plains of the United States and India cover a large area, while the arid areas are relatively small;

(2) The plain of China covers a small area, while the arid area covers a large area.

(9) Agricultural ecological problems

① Slope reclamation? Soil erosion (influencing factors: slope, vegetation coverage, precipitation intensity, slope lithology);

② Overfarming, overgrazing and firewood harvesting in arid and semi-arid areas? Desertification (less precipitation and fragile ecology);

③ swamp development? Destroy wetlands? Climate deterioration (drought)

④ Reclamation around the lake? The lake area is shrinking? Regulate the weakening of river function? Dry climate and frequent floods;

⑤ Irrational irrigation in areas with large evaporation? Secondary salinization (groundwater level rising);

⑥ Excessive water diversion irrigation? Hydrological and ecological problems in the middle and lower reaches of rivers and estuaries

(the river volume decreases, the downstream of the river is cut off, the estuary delta shrinks, and the coastline retreats);

⑦ Ecological problems of inland rivers and lakes.

(river flow decreases, lakes shrink or even disappear, salinity of rivers and lakes increases, and ecological environment of rivers and lakes deteriorates);

8 pesticides and fertilizers? Soil hardening, acidification and water pollution

⑽ Advantages of ecological agriculture:

(1) is conducive to the establishment of a good production structure, so that planting, animal husbandry and fishery can be combined and promoted each other.

② It can make rational use of natural resources, improve the utilization rate of plant light energy, and produce high-yield, high-quality and pollution-free plants.

Agricultural products to ensure good ecological benefits. Form two virtuous cycles of ecology and economy, and unify the three benefits of economy, ecology and society.

Related knowledge: the present situation of agriculture in China

China's agriculture is facing very important problems, which may affect China's development and have a very adverse impact on China's economic development. This is our problem of agriculture, countryside and farmers, which refers to the countryside, agriculture and farmers.

We have spent more than half of our lives, and I believe we have had our ups and downs in this life. I have been busy with what I want to do. However, no matter where we are, no matter when, I will have deeper and deeper feelings with a "farmer". It is increasingly inseparable from agriculture. Looking at the farmers working in the fields, they are the most beautiful when they work there. When the farmers were working in the fields, I felt very proud when I watched the sweat dripping from their faces.

I have worked in the fields myself, and I am really tired, especially when we are facing the big sun in the sky at noon. People who don't work in the fields even sweat a lot. Not to mention the people who work in the fields. These people should be regarded as the hardest people. They work by their own strength and brains, just like when the crops in the local area need to be watered, they need to use their own machines to bring water to the ground.

This kind of machine is usually heavy, so it takes two or three people to move it to the ground. Connect the hose to the machine. They must use this hose to carry water from the river to the ground. They need to put those water bags somewhere, roll up all these hoses and connect them. When the machine is turned on, water will be pumped into the river, and then water will come to our fields from these bags. The crops in the field will grow stronger after absorbing the water. Sprinkle some fertilizer on our fields before watering them. These fertilizers can help the crops in the field grow stronger. As soon as the water flows in, the crops in the field will absorb the nutrients in these fertilizers, the nutrients in the land and the nutrients in the water. In this way, when there is disaster weather, these crops will not be hurt and can fight these weather more tenaciously.

When these crops need to be harvested, farmers are also very busy. In those days, all the farmers used their carts to pull their crops home to dry. Some are sold directly to vendors, of course, the price may be lower. Some people just leave their crops at home for a few days, then put them in bags and wait until the prices of these crops rise before selling them. This is a common idea of these farmers. They just want to make a little money, make a little money. Because these farmers spend too much a year, they can only live on the money sold by these crops.

Because my home is in the countryside, I know this matter in detail. Because I have experienced this personally, I am really tired when I work in other places. Once, crops were infested in the field, and I needed medicine to suppress the pest disaster, so my family went to the field with medicine barrels to fight medicine. I also experienced that the back of this medicine barrel seems to weigh 30 kilograms. If you add water, it will reach 50 kilograms, which is really not very heavy for ordinary people, but I slowly carry this medicine bucket on my back. After I finished this bucket, I thought I would never play again, but we still have a lot of land. I don't want to see my family carrying such a heavy medicine bucket, so I have been carrying it.

Knowing that I had finished all the fields in our family, I put down the medicine bucket and sat on the ground directly, because it was really tiring to walk with the medicine bucket on my back. I can't even stand up now. I can only stand up if I sit in a place to rest. Not only that, my shoulders ache. Even holding a mobile phone is very difficult, and my hands tremble when I lift them. I still have those pesticides on me. These drugs are sticky to me. Even my clothes are stuck to me. After I went home with my family, I went to the bathroom to take a shower. I used a lot of shower gel when I took a shower, but I still feel the smell of this medicine lingers for a long time, because the smell of this medicine is too strong and it smells particularly choking. So I don't want my family to do this job. I did it for them. I washed it many times and finally washed myself clean. Now I don't smell like that medicine, only the smell of shower gel.

After these crops were harvested, my family drove a tricycle to the ground to pull food. Because we also have combine harvesters here, it is relatively easy to harvest these crops. We just need to drive our own car and bring them back to you. Because I haven't learned to drive yet, I left the door open at home and waited for my family to pull the crops back. After waiting at home for a while, I finally got the first car to pull the crops back. I just took the tools and scattered these crops. After my family brought all the food back, we scattered these crops together and prepared to dry them. Because kindness is best when it's hot. In this way, we can quickly dry the grain and sell it. When it's hot, you must sun the crops in a grid, because it will be more evenly sun-dried, and you won't sun at the same time. I will go through these things every half hour. Because it will get a more uniform sun. We need to cover these crops when it gets dark in the afternoon. Because it's not certain when it will rain when it's hot, it's better to cover it with something to be on the safe side. After tomorrow, we will uncover these things and continue to dry these crops. After about two or three days of drying, we can sell these crops. We will choose to sell these crops when the price is higher.