Picasso's life?

Pablo Ruiz Picasso (188 1- 1973) was born in Malaga, a port city in southern Spain. His father is an art teacher and used to be an art curator. Picasso, 14 years old, was admitted to the advanced class of Barcelona Art School where his father taught. /kloc-When he graduated at the age of 0/6, his painting "Visiting the Patient" participated in the national art exhibition, with a fairly realistic modeling level. Later, he was admitted to the Fernando Royal Academy of Fine Arts in Madrid. But he prefers to freely absorb artistic nutrition in art galleries and streets.

Picasso's painting methods and styles can be divided into several periods: the first period is the "blue period"; The second period is "Rose Red Period"; The third issue is: "black period"; The fourth period is: "Cubism period", which is divided into two forms: decomposition and synthesis; The fifth period is: "classicism period"; The sixth period is: "surrealism period"; Finally, the "abstract period".

Picasso came to Paris at the age of nine. Because of poverty, he has been living at the bottom of society. At this time, he painted some oil paintings with the theme of poor friends, and the pictures were full of cold blue tones. This is his "melancholy period". 1April, 904, settled in the slums of Paris and lived a free and romantic life. At this time, he painted many paintings with the theme of wandering artists' life, and the color appeared warm pink, which was his "rose red period". Later, influenced by Cezanne's art, he studied the painting structure on the basis of Cezanne. His works showed the tendency of geometrization, and began to decompose images into various planes and then reassemble them. 1907 created the epoch-making work "avignon Girl", and then entered the period of analytical cubism research and creation. Soon he used collage to create, which marked the end of his analytical cubism and gradually moved towards "comprehensive cubism".

The main trend of Picasso's painting after the age of 32 is rich modeling means, that is, the use of space, color and lines, which reminds people of Cezanne. Since then, Picasso has entered one restless exploration period after another, and his works, like his life, have no unity, continuity and stability. He has no fixed ideas, is changeable, enthusiastic or manic, amiable and hateful, sincere and pretentious, likable and annoying, unpredictable and unpredictable, but he is always loyal to freedom. There has never been a painter in the world who recreated the world at will with amazing frankness and naive creativity, and exercised his power at will completely freely. He wants to create everything without rules and prejudices, and he has no rules to follow in his artistic path. He went from naturalism to expressionism, from classicism to romanticism, and then back to realism. From concrete to abstract, coming and going, he opposes all the constraints and sacred views in the universe, and only absolute freedom suits him.

In his life, there was never a specific teacher or a specific child, but no painter who was active in the twentieth century could completely bypass the road opened by Picasso. He said, "when we work in a selfless spirit, sometimes what we do will automatically tend to us." Don't worry too much about everything, because it will come to you naturally or unexpectedly. I think it's the same when we die! "

1973, he quietly left, and after a long career of 9 1 year, he lived his own life as he wished.

Picasso chronology

1881-1900 childhood

188 1 10 Picasso was born in Malaga, southern Spain;

1889 completed the first oil painting "matador";

1895 entered Barcelona longha art school;

1897 Entered the Royal san fernando Academy of Fine Arts in Madrid. His oil painting "Science and Charity" won the honorary prize of the National Art Exhibition in Madrid, and later won the gold medal in Malaga.

1900 ——1903 blue period

1902 completed the "blue selfie";

1903, he finished his life, and expressed the sufferings of poverty, old age and loneliness with a strong blue tone;

1904 ——1906 rising period

1904 the "laundry boat" that began to settle in Paris began in the rose period. Meet Fernand Olivier and live together;

1905, he wrote "The Boy" with a pipe, which was bought by the philanthropist Ms. John Hestney for a huge sum of 30,000 dollars.

1906, met Matisse, the master of fauvism, and painted the portrait of American writer and collector Chustein. The Portrait of Stein is a springboard for Picasso to leap from the "rose period" to the "cubism".

1907- 19 16 cubist period

/kloc-met Braque in 0/907, and began to create cubist style, creating "The Girl of avignon";

1909 analytical cubism began; Create "The Head of Fernand";

1917-1924 classical period

19 17 met the dancer Olga koklova in Italy and created the portrait of Olga;

19 18 married Olga and held a joint exhibition with Matisse;

1920 hand-painted coral version of the triangle hat;

1922 created two women running by the sea;

1925- 1932 surrealist period

1927, I met Mary Teresa Valki, who was only 17 years old, and became a Picasso model. And gave birth to a daughter Maggie;

1929 together with the sculptor Gong Sahles, he created sculptures and wire structures. Make a series of aggressive paintings with female heads as the theme, show the marriage crisis and get to know Dali;

1932 ——1945 metamorphosis period

1932 created The Woman in the Red Armchair;

1933 Create etching paintings with the theme of sculptor's studio.

1934 created works with the theme of bullfighting;

1936 Spanish civil war broke out. Know Dora. Mar, and created a portrait of Dora Maar;

Guernica wrote on1937;

1942 created the print "The Story of Nature"

1943 met 22-year-old Francois Giraud;

/kloc-joined the French * * * production party in 0/944;

1945 began to try lithograph creation;

1946 ——1973 pastoral period

1947 son Claude was born. He made pottery in the potter's hamill studio, and by 1948 * * *, he made 2000 pieces of pottery works of art;

1948 made posters of "dove of peace" and "twenty poems by gongola" for the world peace conference;

1949 created Carmen series;

1950 won the Lenin Peace Medal;

1953, met Jacqueline Locke in Madura Ceramic Workshop;

1954 began to create a series of variations of "Algerian Women" by Delacroix;

1956, the film "Mysterious Picasso" was released, with Crouzeau * * *;

1957, Picasso's 75th anniversary exhibition was held in new york Museum of Modern Art, and the print "Bullfighting Series" was created.

1958 Picasso created the mural "The Fall of Icarus" for the UNESCO headquarters building in Paris;

1959 created a series of variations imitating MANET's Lunch on the Grass;

196 1 married 35-year-old Jacqueline Locke to celebrate Picasso's 80th birthday;

Painters and models in 1963;

1966, a large-scale retrospective exhibition of Picasso was held in the Grand Palace and the Small Palace in Paris. Creation of quicksand series;

1968 created a series of prints of Lapis lazuli and Ridiculous Man;

1970, nearly 2,000 early works preserved in Spain were donated to Picasso Museum in Barcelona;

197 1 year, the exhibition of Picasso's 90th birthday was held at the National Museum of Modern Art in Paris;

1973, aged 92, died in Zhan Mu, near Cannes, on April 8th. On April 10, he was buried in the villa garden of Fuwennaju.

Picasso's works

Pablo Picasso (1881-1973) is one of the most influential artists in the west in the 20th century. He left a surprising number of works in his life, with rich and varied styles and extraordinary creativity. Picasso was born in Malaga, Spain, and later settled in France for a long time. His father is an art teacher. He likes art since he was a child. /Kloc-At the age of 0/5, he entered the Barcelona Academy of Fine Arts with excellent results and then transferred to the san fernando Academy of Fine Arts in Madrid. He came to Paris in 1900 and began to describe the lives of the poor with great sympathy. At this time, his works are full of tragic colors. The thin image and the cold gray-blue tone make his paintings full of loneliness and despair, disaster and misfortune. People call this period the "blue period" of his creation (1900-1904). 1904-1906 is the "pink period" of Picasso's creative career. His works in this period mainly depict circus figures. Although his image is melancholy, he is not lonely. From 65438 to 0906, influenced by African primitive sculptures and Cezanne paintings, Picasso turned to explore new painting styles. So, he drew a landmark masterpiece-"The Maiden of avignon".

Avignon girl

This incredible huge oil painting not only marks a major turning point in Picasso's personal artistic course, but also a revolutionary breakthrough in the history of modern western art, which triggered the birth of cubism movement. The Maiden of avignon began at 1906 and finished at 1907, during which it was revised several times. In this painting, five naked women and a group of still life constitute a formal composition. The title of this painting was added by Picasso's friend Andrew selman. It is said that Picasso himself didn't like it. But anyway, this is just the name of the work. In modern art, the correlation between titles and works is getting smaller and smaller, and painters often consciously do not use titles to explain the contents of works. So must Picasso's Girl in avignon. The original intention of the painting is to take the allegory of sexually transmitted diseases as the title and name it "Reward of Sin", which is clear in the original sketch; There is a man with a skeleton in his hand in the sketch, which reminds people of an old Spanish moral maxim: "Everything is vanity". But in the formal creation of this painting, these anecdotes or hidden details were removed by the painter. Its ultimate power of shock does not come from any literary description, but from the touching power of its painting language.

This painting is the first cubist work. The images of three naked women on the left of the picture are obviously the rigid deformation of the classical human body; The rough and abnormal faces and postures of the two naked women on the right are full of the wild characteristics of primitive art. Fauvism painters discovered the original charm of African and Oceania sculptures and introduced them to Picasso. However, it was Picasso who destroyed classical aesthetics with primitive art, not the fauvism painter. In this painting, not only the proportion, but also the organic integrity and continuity of the human body are denied. So this painting (as one critic said) is "like broken glass". Here, Picasso destroyed many things, but in the process of destruction, what did he gain? When we recovered from the shock when we first saw the painting, we began to find that the destruction was quite orderly: everything, whether the image or the background, was broken down into angular geometric blocks. We noticed that these fragments are not flat, they have a feeling of three-dimensional space, because they have shadows. We are not always sure whether they are concave or convex; Some of them look like solid blocks, while others look like fragments of transparent body. These unusual blocks give the picture some integrity and continuity.

From this painting, we can see a new technique of expressing three-dimensional space on a two-dimensional plane, which has been adopted in Cezanne's paintings as early as possible. We see that the faces of the two images in the center of the picture are positive, but their noses are drawn as sides; The head is on the left side of the image, but the eyes are positive. Videos from different angles are combined in the same image. This so-called "synchronous video" language is more obviously used in the squatting image on the right side of the picture. This image of three-quarters of the back is separated from the central axis of the spine due to decomposition and stitching. Its legs and arms are elongated, suggesting a deep extension; The head was turned over and stared at the audience. Picasso seemed to circle 180 degrees around the image before synthesizing images from various angles into this image. This painting method completely broke the limitation of perspective on painters in the 500 years since the Italian Renaissance.

Picasso tried to keep the picture flat. Although many blocks in the painting feel concave and convex, they are not deep concave or high convex. The space displayed on the screen is actually so shallow that the painting looks like a relief image. The painter deliberately eliminated the distance between the characters and the background, trying to make all parts of the picture displayed on the same surface. If we pay a little attention to the blue block in the background on the right, we can find the artist's originality. Blue, usually has the effect of retreating visually. In order to eliminate this effect, Picasso hooked these blue blocks with dazzling white edges, so they looked desperately prominent.

The girl in avignon is actually an independent painting structure, leaving the outside world alone. It cares about the world made up of its own shapes and colors. It was born out of Cezanne's immortal works depicting bathing girls. It forms a pure painting structure in an order different from the natural order.

Ka si le Xiang

Portrait of Kasler, Picasso, 19 10 year, oil painting, 100 × 6 1.5cm, Chicago, Chicago Art Center.

Picasso1909-1911The paintings in the period of "Analytical Cubism" further showed the neglect of objective representation. During this period, the images in his works, whether still life, scenery or characters, were completely decomposed, which made the audience not know much about them. Although every painting has a title, it is difficult for people to find objects related to the title. Those decomposed shapes and backgrounds blend with each other, so that the whole picture is covered with blocks of different shapes interwoven with vertical, oblique and horizontal lines. In this complex network structure, images only emerge slowly, but can be dissolved in complex blocks immediately. The role of color is minimized here. There seems to be only some monotonous black, white, gray and brown in the painting. In fact, what the painter wants to show is only the structure composed of lines, shapes and shapes, and the tension emitted by this structure.

This portrait of Kasler clearly shows how Picasso applied this analytical cubist painting language to the shaping of specific characters. It is puzzling that Picasso never gave up learning from the model in this extremely abstract description of decomposing images and abandoning colors. In order to draw this picture, he made his old friend Mr. Kessler sit patiently in front of him for twenty times. He took pains to decompose the form in detail, thus obtaining a picture structure that seems to be composed of transparent color blocks overlapping layers. The colors in the painting are only blue, ochre and grayish purple. Color only plays a secondary role here. Although the outline of Mr. Canweiler's image can still be vaguely seen in the crisscross of lines and squares, it is difficult for people to judge its similarity with real people. Roland Penrose, the most famous expert on Picasso, once commented after seeing this painting: "Every time a face is separated, a plane is separated from the adjacent part, and it keeps moving backwards, constantly producing a direct feeling, which reminds people of the layers of ripples on the water. Your eyes wander in these ripples, and you can catch some signs here and there, such as a nose, two eyes, some neatly combed hair, a bracelet and a pair of crossed hands. However, when the line of sight turns from this point to that point, it will constantly feel the pleasure of swimming around on some surfaces, because these surfaces are convincing with their similar appearance ... Seeing such a picture will produce imagination; Although this picture is ambiguous, it seems to be true. Driven by the symmetrical and harmonious life of this new reality, it will make its own explanation with joy. "

Bottles, glasses and violins

1890 ——1892, oil painting, 45× 57cm, at Musee d 'Orsay, Paris.

From 19 12, Picasso turned to his "comprehensive cubism" style painting experiment. He started collage creation. This work called Bottle, Glass and Violin clearly shows this new style.

In this painting, we can distinguish several characters from ordinary objects: a bottle, a glass and a violin. Are represented by newspaper clippings. Here, the focus of the painter's attention is actually the basic form.

However, this problem is treated with a brand-new attitude at this time. In the analysis of cubism, the image is reduced to its basic elements, that is, it is broken down into many small pieces. Picasso took these building blocks as elements and formed a new order of objects and space in his paintings. He used short and thick strokes to connect the blocks side by side, and obtained a clear picture structure, which embodied a rigorous and rational painting procedure. Now, in the works of comprehensive cubism, he just takes the opposite procedure. He no longer takes the real object image as the starting point and decomposes the object image into the basic elements, but takes the basic elements as the starting point and transforms the basic shapes and blocks into the graphics of the objective object image. In other words, he has organized and arranged an abstract picture structure before showing bottles, cups and violins. By giving up painting and brushwork, he even gained a more objective truth. He used newspapers, wallpaper, wood grain paper and other similar materials to collage different shapes of building blocks. On the one hand, these blocks show the world outside the painting, on the other hand, they show the unity and independence of the painting's own world with their organic combination. No wonder his art dealer and friend Kahn Weiler commented on him: "Even without the ability to play with brushes, he can create excellent works." In this collage, a newspaper on the left represents a bottle, and the paper printed with wood grain represents a violin. And a few strong lines drawn with charcoal brush make this change a reality and bring those irrelevant collage materials into an organic whole.

This collage art language is the main symbol of cubist painting. Picasso once said: "Even from an aesthetic point of view, people can prefer cubism. But paper paste is the real core of what we found. " In the use of this collage language, Picasso is obviously bolder and more imaginative than other cubist painters (such as Braque and Grice). Other painters should consider whether it conforms to the realistic logic when sorting out different papers. They always limit the grainy paper to objects that represent wood (such as tables and guitars). Picasso got rid of this bondage completely. In his paintings, you can use a patterned wallpaper to represent the desktop, or you can cut and paste a newspaper into a violin. Picasso once expounded his views on collage in a dialogue with Fran? ois Giraud:

"The purpose of using paper paste is to point out that different substances can be introduced into composition and become a reality comparable to nature on the screen. We try to get rid of perspective and find the spirit of wrong vision. Newspaper fragments are never used to represent newspapers. We use them to describe a bottle, a piano or a face. We never use the material according to its literal meaning, but divorced from its customary background, thus causing the conflict between the original visual image and its new final definition. If newspaper fragments can be turned into a bottle, it will make people think about the benefits of newspapers and bottles. The object was displaced and entered a strange world, a world out of place. We just want people to think about this strangeness because we realize that we live alone in a very disturbing world. " (Picasso in Lovers' Works translated by Fran? ois Giraud, Tianjin People's Publishing House, 1988, p. 60).

Guernica.

Guernica, Picasso, 1937, oil painting on canvas, 305.5× 782.3cm, Prado Museum.

The oil painting guernica is a masterpiece of great influence and historical significance created by Picasso in 1930s. Entrusted by the Spanish government, this painting was created for the Spanish Pavilion of the International Expo held in Paris in 1937. This painting shows 1937 the atrocities committed by the German Air Force in bombing the Spanish town of guernica. As an artist with a strong sense of justice, Picasso expressed great indignation at this barbaric behavior. It took him only a few weeks to complete this masterpiece as a condemnation and protest against fascist atrocities.

Although Picasso was keen on avant-garde artistic innovation, he did not give up his expression of reality. He said: "I am not a surrealist, and I have never been divorced from reality. I always stay in the real situation. " This may also be an important reason why he chose to paint guernica. However, the expression of reality in his paintings is completely different from traditional realism. The rich symbolic meaning in his paintings is hard to find in ordinary realistic works. Picasso himself explained the symbolic significance of this painting, saying that the bull symbolizes violence, the injured horse symbolizes suffering Spain, and the shining lights symbolize light and hope. Of course, the painting also depicts many realistic scenes. On the right side of this picture, a woman is crying at the sky with a dead baby in her arms. Below her was a soldier, who fell to the ground with flowers in his hand, a broken arrow and his arms outstretched. On the left side of the painting, a panicked man raised his hands in the air and screamed at the sky. Not far from him, the woman who bent down to escape panicked as if her hind legs were behind her. All this is a true portrayal of the victims in the terrible aerial bombing.

Many images in the painting reflect the painter's absorption of traditional painting factors. The image of a mother holding a dead child seems to come from the tradition of the virgin mourning for Christ; The woman with the oil lamp reminds people of the shape of the Statue of Liberty. The image of hands screaming in the air is similar to the dying posture of patriots in Goya's paintings; The image of a soldier lying on the ground with his arms outstretched seems to be related by marriage to the images in some war paintings in the early Italian Renaissance. It can be seen that Picasso is not only a bold innovator with rebellious spirit, but also an artist who respects and is proficient in tradition.

At first glance, this painting is very casual in image organization and composition arrangement, and we may even feel a little messy. This seems to be consistent with the chaotic atmosphere in which residents were scattered and frightened during the bombing. However, when we carefully examine this painting, we find that in this long picture space, all the shapes and images have been carefully conceived and scrutinized, with a strict and unified order. Although many images are dynamic, their fabric forms obviously reveal some classical meanings. We see that in the center of the picture, different bright images overlap each other to form an isosceles triangle; The central axis of the triangle just divides the whole strip picture into two squares. And the images at the left and right ends of the screen are so balanced. It can be said that this so-called pyramid composition has some similar characteristics with Leonardo da Vinci's The Last Supper. In addition, the whole painting can be divided into four sections from left to right: the first section highlights the image of the bull; The second paragraph emphasizes the injured and struggling horse, whose dazzling electric lights look like frightened and lonely eyes; In the third paragraph, the most striking thing is that the Statue of Liberty holds a lamp and sticks its head out of the window. In the fourth paragraph, the image of the frightened man with his arms stretched out into the sky immediately attracted our attention, and his desperate gesture was unforgettable. With this elaborate composition, Picasso showed the exaggerated and distorted images full of dynamic and exciting in a unified and orderly way, which not only portrayed rich and changeable details, but also highlighted and emphasized key points, showing profound artistic skills.

Here, Picasso still uses the artistic language of clip art, however, the visual effect of clipping in painting is not realized by real clipping means, but by hand drawing. The "cut-and-paste" characters superimposed on one another are limited to three colors: black, white and gray, thus effectively highlighting the tension and terror of the picture.