Four murderers.

It is a god beast in ancient myths and legends of the Han nationality. Its biggest feature is that it can eat. It is a fictional mysterious monster. This monster has no body because he can eat his own body too much. He only has a big head and a big mouth. He is so greedy that he eats everything he sees. Because he ate too much, he was finally killed. It is a symbol of greed, so it is often used to describe greedy or greedy people.

Legend has it that Xuanyuan Huangdi fought against Chiyou, and Chiyou was beheaded. When he landed for the first time, he became a glutton. There is a cloud in Shan Hai Jing Bei Shan Jing: "There is more jade on the mountain and more copper on the mountain in Wu Gou. There is a wild animal that looks like a sheep's body and a human face. Its eyes are under its arm, and the tiger's teeth are claws. It sounds like a baby and is called cannibalism. " According to Guo Pu's annotation of Shan Hai Jing in Jin Dynasty, the word "Yan Yan" here refers to gluttony.

There is a cloud in the Western Divine Classic: "Gluttony, the name of the animal, the body is like an ox, the face is like a man, and the eyes are under his arm, eating people." Compare the gluttony painted by DOMO to see if it is the same as recorded in ancient books.

According to Ci Hai, gluttony is a legendary gluttonous beast. In ancient Zhong Ding, the shape of its head was carved into a decoration. "

When the word gluttony is explained in Ci Hai, it is said that gluttony is "greed, the book of rites and music in the Han Dynasty"; The Danger of Gluttony Yan Shigu notes: "Greed is more gluttonous." Especially gluttony. "

"Lingyi Jing Southwest Wilderness Jing": "There are people in the southwest, with hair on their bodies and tapirs on their heads. Greed is like evil, gathering wealth without using it, stealing people's food (the original sentence "gathering wealth without eating people's food" was changed according to the historical records of the five emperors). The strong take the old and the weak, and fear to attack the single, which is called gluttony. " Spring and Autumn Annals is a gluttonous person, and Jinyun is also a talented person. "

"Zuo Gong Eighteen Years" says: "Jinyun's family is incompetent, gluttonous, bribing with goods, invading luxury, and can't be tired; Accumulate facts and don't know the truth; No matter who is widowed, there is no pity. People in the world are more fierce than the third watch, which is called gluttony. " This is the so-called Spring and Autumn Annals in the mind.

"Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals": "Gluttony, with its body, cannibalism has not swallowed its body, and it is more rewarding."

Song's Biography of Human-God: "The God of Human-God is not very common. There are three generations of barbarians, as many as Human-God, which is a ring of greed and abuse. Its image rate is animal-shaped and its meat wings are rich. " If you slap what you say, you are almost greedy.

Zuo Zhuan called gluttony "Jinyun is not a gifted scholar", while The Historical Records of the Five Emperors quoted Jia Xuan as saying: "Jinyun was a descendant of Emperor Yan, surnamed Jiang, and was an official in Jinyun when the Yellow Emperor was there." Jiang Chiyou's surname is also a descendant of Emperor Yan (Biography of Daoshi Chiyou), so Chiyou is probably the "incompetent" gluttony of Jinyun. The "bird" recorded in The Two Classics of Shan Hai Jing Bates is considered by Guo Pu to be the gluttony in Zuo Zhuan.

Ghosts and Animals: There are evil animals at the southernmost tip of China, with black eyes, long neck and four feet. They are fierce and greedy. It would be a disaster if the March was swift and violent.

There is a cloud in the Western Divine Classic: "Gluttony, the name of the animal, the body is like an ox, the face is like a man, and the eyes are under his arm, eating people."

▲ There are three issues that need attention in the above paragraphs.

First, gluttony is a kind of "evil beast", not a fish, snake, python or crocodile, not a fish or reptile. There are also gluttonous patterns in Shang and Ci Hai. As long as you look at it, you can recognize who that fierce beast looks like, very much like the front of a wolf, with round eyes and fierce eyes.

The second is overeating. This characteristic clearly points out the characteristics of wolves. "Extreme gluttony" is one of the most prominent characteristics of coyotes. We have raised wolves, and we know this nature of wolves too well. We can cite countless examples of wolfing down food. There is no animal more greedy than a wolf. If you don't believe me, you can ask the old herdsmen who is the most "gluttonous beast" in the world. The answer must be a wolf. As we all know, "greed" is synonymous with wolf nature. Dong Zhongshu said that greed for wolves was a common custom in Qin dynasty, and he also juxtaposed greed with wolves. People in China always describe gluttony as "gorging" and put wolves in front of tigers. Wolves are more greedy than tigers. When describing greed, they all say "wolf ambition", not "tiger ambition"

Because gluttony has the characteristics of "evil beast" and "very gluttonous wolf", and the gluttonous mode is very similar to a wolf. Therefore, the legendary gluttony is probably a wolf, or a beast evolved from a wolf.

Third, gluttony has become the main decoration of business and harmony, which involves a series of problems. Baoding was an important weapon of the Chinese nation in the Bronze Age. In the Zhou Dynasty, "Ding" was a symbol of the supreme kingship and a ritual vessel, as well as a ritual vessel for offering sacrifices to heaven and ancestors. In the eyes of Chinese ancestors, Ding was in the position of national "totem pole". Therefore, only the totem belonging to the nation is qualified to climb such a lofty position, and it is carved on the Baoding. This phenomenon also reflects two problems: First, in Shang and Zhou Dynasties, Huaxia people may still worship the wolf totem, at least the animal totem, and the totem worship legacy of the ancestors of Huangdi people in Yan Di may still exist, while Huaxia people in Zhou Dynasty were deeply influenced by the wolf totem, because the Zhou Dynasty originated from Xirong, and Xirong was mostly a nomadic people who worshipped the wolf totem. Secondly, the "dragon" at that time may not have been generally accepted, and it has not really become the national totem of the Chinese nation. Otherwise, Baoding, a symbol of imperial power, will be decorated mainly with dragons. The decorative patterns on the Zhou Ding are mainly composed of gluttonous patterns and moire patterns, with gluttony as the center and moire patterns around. Obviously, the gluttonous beast is in the sky, sticking its head out of the clouds and looking down at the world. Its body is hidden in the clouds. I don't know whether there is a snake body or a dragon body, but if the dragon body is attached to the back of the gluttonous head, it is not far from the later standard dragon. So I think there may be a transitional stage between the wolf totem and the dragon totem. Gluttony not only has the character of a wolf, but also has the ferocious face of the context.

The real name and prototype of the beast referred to in the animal face pattern have long been buried in an era that cannot be reproduced. Later generations were named gluttonous because of their ferocious, mysterious and horrible faces, and some of them still had heads in their mouths. Gluttony was originally used in Zuo Zhuan to describe those heartless people who are greedy for money and food. Some scholars in modern times pointed out that naming the animal face pattern gluttonous is purely far-fetched and contrary to the social and cultural conditions in Shang and Zhou Dynasties.

Because of its fierce and horrible face and notorious gluttony, the trace of this beast in the cultural and artistic evolution of China is almost impossible to find. In the mid-Western Zhou Dynasty, animal ornamentation, which had prevailed for hundreds of years, suddenly withdrew from the main pattern of bronze decoration. However, several animal patterns, such as dragon, tiger, phoenix and turtle, which appeared on bronzes at the same time, appeared in official and folk cultures in the later cultural evolution, and became the most famous mascot and endless theme of artistic expression in China culture. Dragons, in particular, in the bronze age, mostly had the same ferocious face as gluttonous patterns. As far as mystery, power and status are concerned, dragons were far less gluttonous in the Bronze Age. However, the dragon later ascended the highest throne of China's cultural and political symbol, but "gluttony", the supreme of the Bronze Age, was hard to find.

Later, gluttony became a totem, carved on various sacrificial vessels. There is a cloud in "Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals": "Gluttony, with its body, cannibalism does not harm its body, and words are more rewarding." During the Yin and Zhou Dynasties, gluttony was often engraved on the tripod. Its head is fierce, its eyes are bright and impressive, and its nose is prominent. The head has a pair of curved angles or feet, and the bending direction seems to be customized, or the inner hook is like an angle, or the outer curve is like an angle; The mouth is wide, sharp as a saw, slightly bent into a hook, or locked. It is ostentatious, arched, with its head on the ground or watery, and has a pair of claws on both sides, like a dog's claw or a Tiger Claw. There are a pair of meat wings on both sides, which are shaped like ears.

According to legend, gluttony is caused by resentment of the beheaded head after Chiyou lost to Yanhuang II. It can devour everything, be sealed by the Yellow Emperor with a Xuanyuan sword, and be guarded by the lion family for generations (the first lion).

Modern significance: It originated from Mr. Boursicaud, a French advertising collector. He is the founder of the advertising gluttonous night and a grand event for people in the advertising industry. Its door is open to everyone, people in the industry can see and learn the creative expression of advertisements, and people outside the circle can also get pleasure and enjoy the audience. The important thing about its success is that it provides an excellent place for young audiences to vent their feelings. It is a cheerful and rational vent, hot but not crazy. On the night of advertising gluttony, what is prepared for the audience is an advertising feast, that is, to let everyone present have enough to eat. The global screening of advertising gluttony night entered its 24th year (1984). Every advertising night, the streets are full of carnival scenes wearing masks, waving balloons, shouting and singing. In modern culture, gluttony also means relaxation of mind and satisfaction of desire. Put the meaning of gluttony out, that is, a special feast.

Extended meaning: it means a photography feast and a big party, and it also means a greedy person. At the same time, it is also an endless desire for photography. Be a glutton, but eat this big meal with your eyes, ears and heart, not your mouth. The ancient god beast "Shan Hai Jing Overseas North Jing" describes that there is an evil beast named Qiong Qi in the north, which has wings and can fly, and then inhibits cannibalism, understands people's words, is good at confusing people, likes fighting and anorexia.

A strange creature with a trinity of gods, monsters and villains, whose true face cannot be cracked. The Terrain Training of Huainanzi highly implies that it is called the North God, and it is like a tiger riding two dragons. "Shan Hai Jing Xi Ci Si Jing" says that it looks like an ox, barks like a wild dog, its hair is thick and not smooth, and it eats people. However, Hainei Beijing also said that Qiong Qi is like a tiger with wings. People always eat from scratch, and people who eat are always disheveled. Zuo Zhuan equates this with gluttony and modesty, saying that this is a young man who is not a gifted scholar, because people call him Qiong Qi who always denigrates loyalty and honesty. Nerve summarizes its various characteristics and describes it as a monster that lives in the northwest, looks like a tiger with wings and likes to eat people. It can understand people, eat the reasonable side when it hears people arguing, and bite the nose when it hears people being loyal, but it is said that some people are cruel and unreasonable, but they will give away the bitten animals. Compared with monsters such as gluttony, Qiong Qi has more personality and wisdom, but this habit of being close to people greatly affects his mysterious charm and strength evaluation as a monster.

"Fantastic Classic Northwest Wilderness Classic": "There are wild animals in the northwest that look like tigers. If they have wings and can fly, they will inhibit cannibalism and understand people's words. " This is Shao Hao's son, the famous Qiong Qi.

This guy is very interesting. When he sees someone fighting, he will eat the righteous side. When you hear someone honest, you will bite off that person's nose; It is said that someone is evil, but he wants to kill wild animals as a gift. This shows that it should be a fierce beast. However, some books say it's not that bad. On the day before the ancient Laba, a ceremony was held in the court, and Fang marched with twelve animals. Qiong Qi shared the task of eating harmful methods with another animal named Rattan Root, which made people feel that it was beneficial to people. After that, myths became history, and ghosts and gods were personified. Qiong Qi gradually evolved into one of the four great demons in the world, and was finally conquered by Shun Di.

There are two images of Qiong Qi as a monster: "Shan Hai Jing Xi Ci Si Jing" says that "he looks like an ox and sounds like a dog"; Classic of mountains and seas. Beihai Jing says it is "like a tiger with wings". But no matter what kind of image it is, it is a monster that eats people and has fixed principles. It is roughly quoted in the Wonderful Classic. Northwest Wilderness Classic ". It "understands human language, meets loyal people, bites people to eat, and cannibalism begins;" Every evil will catch the beast and wait for it. " In other words, good people will become food when they meet it, and their heads will be bitten off first, while bad people will get things like wild animals from it as food when they meet it. This kind of monster that "distinguishes right from wrong" and puts it into action is really rare.

Historical Records of the Five Emperors records the origin of Qiong Qi. "Shao Hao's family has no talent, destroys faith and loyalty, worships evil words, and is known as Qiong Qi." Shun exiled him, "moving four generations to resist evil." Shao Hao is the emperor of the west. His mother's name is Huang E, and his father's name is Bai Zizi, which is the essence of Taibai. Their stories can be seen in the Collection of Stories, which are very beautiful and moving. There is a poor mulberry tree that bears fruit every year. If I eat it, I won't get old. Shao Hao dominates the west and is called "poor mulberry" or "golden field". Pay attention to these keywords "white" and "gold". There is no doubt that the clan is located in the west, but it was also expelled to the northwest by Shun, along with the Yellow Emperor. Zhuan Xu is not a talent; As monsters, "Chaos", "Peach" and "Gluttony" all appear in the west, among which, Gluttony is located in the southwest, but it is not far from the wild land called "Queen Mother of the West" (place name). That is to say, slightly different from other emperors, all the people exiled by Yu Shun went to the west, not everywhere. The so-called "exorcism" probably refers to the suppression of local ethnic minorities. It is not surprising that the behavior characteristics of monsters come from this idea. Chaos, coyness and gluttony have similar characteristics, so I won't repeat them here.

There is a saying that "Qiong Qi" is a monster, and Shao Hao Zi is compared to "Qiong Qi" only because of its characteristics. Judging from the surname and the plot of the legend, this statement is wrong. Qiong Qi is the son of Emperor Shao Hao, not only because he is clever, but also because he is a "god beast", a guy who is good at catching animals. As for Qiong Qi, the god in charge of the "food method" among the twelve exorcism gods in Daxie (the old God), it was abandoned for the time being because it was not "myth".

There is a cloud in Shan Hai Jing ·Xi· Shan Jing: "It is 260 miles west and is called Lushan Mountain. There is a beast on it, which looks like the hair of a cow and a hedgehog. It's called, it sounds like Hao. Dogs are cannibals. " Qiong Qi is another way of saying the name of God. "Huai Nan Zi Bo Xing Xun" says: "Qiong Qi was born with a broad ink style." Gao said to him, "Yes, God also.". On North Road, you can ride two dragons, such as tigers. "In" Tianhen ",the monster on Xianshan Island, which is all red and looks like a cow, is Qiong Qi (with five-colored stone south leaves).

Later, "Qiong Qi" was used as a metaphor for people who betrayed their faith. There is a saying in Zuo Zhuan's Eighteen Years of Wengong: "Young Hao's family has no talent, destroys faith, worships evil words, and is called Qiong Qi in the world." "Zuo Zhuan" contained that in the eighteenth year of Wen Gong, "Zhuan Xu was a gifted scholar and could not be taught. He didn't know what to say, but he was stubborn when he said it and arrogant when he gave up. He is called clumsy because of the chaos of heaven and human nature. " This hopeless villain eventually evolved into the famous ancient Warcraft after his death. In the eighteenth year of Zuo Zhuan, Wen Gong said: "Chen Shunyao, a guest in four schools, wandered among four fierce families of chaos, Qiong Qi and gluttony, and voted for the fourth time to resist the charm." This is called Shun's exile of the four murderers, in order to make matters worse. Gun, Uncle Yu.

Zhang Shoujie, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, quoted the Bible as saying: "There is a beast in the wilderness of the western regions, which is as big as a tiger, with a hair two feet long, a human face and a tiger's foot, a pig's mouth and a pig's teeth ten feet long, disturbing the wilderness and making it famous everywhere." One is very proud, and the other is difficult to cultivate. "

There is a cloud in the Classic of the Wonders of the West Field: "There are beasts in the west field, as big as tigers, with two feet of hair, tiger's face and teeth, and ten feet and eight feet of tail, which disturb the wilderness and are famous everywhere." There is also a saying that it is the name of God, "On Mandarin Zhou Yu": "The prosperity of business is second only to Pishan." In addition, during the Warring States period, there was a book called Kongtong, which was a history book devoted to the study of the history of Chu.

Later, people used "clumsiness" to describe a stubborn person with a fierce attitude. People, "Zuo Wenzhu's Eighteen Years of Angong" has a saying: "Zhuan Xu's family has no talent, can't teach, doesn't know what to say, and the world calls it clumsy." Chaos is muddy. Looks like a dog, like a dog without claws, has eyes but no vision, ears but no sense of smell, a belly without five internal organs and can't walk. Chaos is called "chaos" by later generations because it is both chaotic and chaotic. There is a saying in A Record of the Five Emperors: "In the past, the Di Hong family was stupid, hiding thieves, and liked to kill people, which was called chaos in the world."

Zhang said in Interpretation of New Dialects that "chaos" is an asshole in today's words.

The myth of chaos "Shan Hai Jing" recorded the myth of chaos earlier, which is especially worthy of careful analysis. The West Mountain Classic, the second volume of Shan Hai Jing, says: "Three hundred and fifty miles west of Tianshan Mountain, happy ever after, with realgar, flows in the Tang Valley in the southwest. There is a divine bird, which looks like a yellow sac, is as red as fire, and has six feet and four wings. It knows nothing about singing and dancing, but it's just Di Jiang. " Chaos is chaos, which means that Di Jiang looks like chaos. Some notebooks are called "",and the traditional "bird" is similar to "swallow". Plagiarism may be wrong, but it all makes sense. Obviously, "chaos" here refers to the sun. So how is chaos associated with Di Jiang? That is, the ancient sound "Jiang" is connected with "Hong". Di Hong is the Yellow Emperor, the legendary ancestor of the Chinese nation.

Yuan Mei (17 16- 1798) also said in The King of Snakes at Meridian: "There was a king of snakes in the State of Chu, who looked like Di Jiang. He had no ears, ears, claws and nose, but he had a mouth. It is shaped like a meat cabinet, and it is muddy and the vegetation is exhausted. " It is no accident that this article links Di Jiang, the snake (dragon) and the chaos in Zhuangzi. In addition, it is more reasonable to regard the sun god as the ancestor of the Chinese nation. In the initial understanding of mankind, what can be more obvious than the contrast between day and night, light and darkness, sun and moon? The ancients called the sun god chaos, the original meaning, because only the sun has a great light that embraces everything, devours everything and covers everything. The combination of Dun and Hun is also found in Laozi's Tao Te Ching: "Dun Xi, if simple; ..... if you are mixed (muddy), if you are turbid. " There are many other evidences that the Yellow Emperor is related to chaos.