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Comparative study on rural tourism between China and foreign countries

[size=2] As early as19th century, rural tourism developed in western developed countries because modern people escaped the pollution of industrial cities and the fast-paced lifestyle. After 1950s, with the rapid development of tourism, rural tourism flourished, which aroused great interest of scholars and achieved many valuable research results.

The development of modern rural tourism in China is relatively late, starting in the late 1980s. Rural tourism not only provides new leisure products for urban residents, but also plays an important role in promoting the adjustment of agricultural industrial structure, increasing farmers' income, making full use of rural surplus labor resources and maintaining the sustainable development of rural social economy. In recent years, with the vigorous development of rural tourism, related research has gradually attracted the attention of scholars. The author comprehensively reviews the research results of rural tourism at home and abroad, and deeply feels that there are some obvious differences and gaps. On this basis, this paper intends to reflect on the problems existing in rural tourism research in China from the horizontal comparison of the current situation of rural tourism research at home and abroad, in order to clearly grasp the current situation and provide reference for rural tourism research in China in the future.

[b] First, the comparison of rural tourism research at home and abroad [/b]

The research on rural tourism in China is not long, and there are some differences and gaps compared with the current situation of rural tourism research abroad. Mainly manifested in:

1. Differences in research contents. As China is a developing country, the development of rural tourism is still in the primary stage, and the economic benefits and impacts of rural tourism have become the most interesting focus in the research field. Therefore, the development of rural tourism directly related to economic benefits has become one of the research hotspots. Of the nearly 65,438+000 documents retrieved, nearly 40 are related to the development of rural tourism. In the study of rural tourism development, the significance, conditions and modes of tourism development are particularly emphasized. In addition, there are studies on concept interpretation, rural tourism planning and design, existing problems and development strategies of rural tourism, and the experience of rural tourism development in foreign countries and Taiwan Province Province. Due to the early start and relatively mature development of rural tourism abroad, the research issues are broader and the focus is different. Developed countries not only attach importance to the study of rural tourism development, but also pay attention to the relationship between rural tourism and rural sustainable development, the dynamic mechanism of rural tourism development, the attitude of community residents to developing tourism, the management of rural tourism development and the study of women's problems in rural tourism development.

2. Research level gap. Because the research on rural tourism in China started soon, the statistical data of rural tourism are very few and irregular, and most of the research is difficult to go deep. For example, although the design, development model and interregional influence of rural tourism are involved in China, most of them stay in qualitative analysis and quantitative research is not enough; There are many descriptions and analyses of the macro scope of the whole country and provinces, but few in-depth and detailed case studies. As far as the development of rural tourism, a hot research topic in China, most of the documents stay in the macro evaluation, development significance, development ideas and thinking of tourism conditions in developing areas, and the number of specific case studies is not enough. Even in limited case studies, due to the lack of in-depth and detailed investigation and research, coupled with the lack of statistical data and research methods, most of the research results are not deep enough, and even the credibility is questionable.

3. Differences in research methods. The research on rural tourism abroad mainly uses the methods of sociology, statistics, economics, psychology, behavior and geography, with interviews, questionnaires, mathematical statistics, analytic hierarchy process, charts and comparison as the main methods. The study of rural tourism in China is closely combined with geography and history, but less combined with adjacent disciplines such as economics, sociology, psychology and behavior, and the research method is relatively simple, mostly qualitative research results. Only a few mathematicians have conducted in-depth and detailed case studies and achieved some quantitative research results.

4. Differences in research ideas. Due to the different stages of economic development at home and abroad, there are great differences in their respective excitement points and research concepts. From the different emphases of rural tourism research at home and abroad, we can see that domestic research focuses on "things" and foreign research focuses on "people"; China pays more attention to the economic benefits brought by rural tourism development and its impact on local economic development, while foreign countries pay attention to the impact of tourism on the social economy and environment of the whole community, the relationship between rural tourism and the sustainable development of community society, economy and ecological environment, the study of women's issues in rural tourism development, the study of local residents' attitude towards tourism development, and the emphasis that local people should participate in tourism management and share the rights and interests brought by tourism. That is, advocating a "new tourism concept" of fairness, justice and sustainable development, and attaching importance to studying how to protect the unique local cultural traditions and natural environment while developing are considered to be the core issues of the sustainable development of rural tourism. A thorough study of the research ideas of western developed countries will enlighten the theoretical construction and development of rural tourism in China.

[b] Second, the problems in domestic rural tourism research

China's rural tourism research has developed rapidly, but China's research time on rural tourism is not long. Overall, the overall level of research is not high and needs to be deepened. If some of the comparisons mentioned above are simply summarized and refined, we can see that our problems are mainly manifested in the following aspects:

1. Lack of scientific and systematic theoretical research. Judging from the existing research results, few researchers have carried out continuous follow-up research on rural tourism. Therefore, on the whole, the research is scattered, and there is no authoritative and systematic theoretical achievement.

2. The research method is simple. Most of them are qualitative research, and few are quantitative research. Interdisciplinary research is rare. In rural tourism research, it is closely combined with geography and history, but less combined with economics, especially microeconomics, sociology, psychology, behavior and other adjacent disciplines, thus objectively reducing the ability of research results to solve practical problems and the social influence of research results.

3. Lack of attention to case studies. In the rural tourism literature published in core journals, the number of case studies is very small, while the quality of case studies published in general journals is often poor. The lack of large-scale and high-quality case studies shows that the basic facts such as the current situation and existing problems of rural tourism development are not thoroughly or deeply understood, which leads to the general theoretical abstraction and large-scale research being summarized as passive water and trees without roots. Therefore, many so-called macro "ideas", "assumptions" and "strategies" have become speculations out of nothing because of lack of factual basis, which directly affects the credibility and scientificity of the research conclusions.

4. Lack of reference to international research results. Many researchers don't know much about the achievements of international rural tourism research, and theoretical research exists behind closed doors. For example, some research terms, research contents, research methods and research concepts of international rural tourism are unknown or little known, and there are some inaccurate or even wrong references in the literature.

[b]

Third, the prospects of rural tourism research in China

1. The theoretical research on rural tourism will be continuously strengthened. In recent years, in addition to the significance, conditions, modes, planning and strategies of rural tourism development, there are also the analysis of the tourist market and behavior mode of ancient village tourism, the systematic analysis of the influencing factors of rural tourism development, and the research on the influence of agricultural tourism development on rural development. Although these studies are just beginning and few in number, they have greatly expanded the research field of rural tourism. It can be predicted that with the development and deepening of the research, the theoretical research on rural tourism will continue to strengthen and the research field will continue to expand.

2. Research methods will continue to develop and innovate. In recent one or two years, China's rural tourism research methods have also begun to try to integrate into sociology, behavior and other disciplines. Although it is still immature, it shows that the research methods of rural tourism are developing. It is a major trend of rural tourism research in the future to introduce the methods of other disciplines into rural tourism research, conduct interdisciplinary research and quantify the research.

3. More and more attention will be paid to the study of typical cases. At present, the research on the development of some rural tourism is not limited to the general discussion of macro-regions, especially in the past two years, the research on cases has been strengthened, which shows that the research on rural tourism is gradually deepening. Specific and in-depth typical case studies should be the basic starting point of rural tourism research.

4. The absorption and digestion of foreign rural tourism research results will be strengthened. No matter in the practice of rural tourism or in the theoretical research of rural tourism, developed countries are ahead of us. Although there are great differences in rural tourism practice between China and developed countries, strengthening the absorption and digestion of foreign rural tourism research results will undoubtedly help improve the research level of rural tourism in China.

The development of a subject is always a gradual process. With the vigorous development of rural tourism practice, its theoretical research will continue to deepen. We also hope that the comparison, induction and comment on rural tourism research at home and abroad will contribute to the progress of rural tourism theory and practice in China.