Why did Beidacang choose to return farmland to wasteland?

The Great Northern Wilderness is located in the northeast of China. Because the local soil matrix is rich in all kinds of organic matter, the land is so fertile that people describe it as "squeezing the black soil to make oil flowers, and cutting chopsticks sprout". However, few people know that the current Great Northern Wilderness has stopped developing wetlands and is vigorously promoting the protection of natural forests.

because of the fertile soil here and the increasing population since the founding of our country, in order to meet the energy demand of the growing population, China began to develop the Great Northern Wilderness in the last century.

At the time of initial development, Beidahuang handed over an excellent report card. Without using chemical fertilizer, the yield per mu of black land increased repeatedly, meeting the people's demand for food. Even up to now, one of the 1 bowls of rice we ate came from Beidacang.

However, when exploiting the Great Northern Wilderness, because of people's short-sightedness, they were also retaliated by nature.

First of all, we know that there are many wetlands in the Great Northern Wilderness, which not only satisfy the growth of birds, but also regulate the local floods, so floods or droughts rarely occur in the Great Northern Wilderness area in the past. Later, the wetland disappeared and lost its regulating function, so that the frequency of flood disasters here increased.

In addition, when human beings exploited the Great Northern Wilderness, they also cut down many woodlands. Forest land can conserve water and protect soil and water from erosion. When the Great Northern Wilderness disappeared, people living in the local area could clearly feel that the local soil was easily washed away by the rain, leaving a ravine.

due to over-exploitation and local people's neglect of protecting land conservation, not only the woodland area and wetland area in the Great Northern Wilderness were reduced by half, but also the black soil layer was seriously damaged. The depth of the black soil layer has changed from nearly 1 meter to only 2-3 cm.

experts who study resources and environment say that it will take at least 4 years to form a 1 cm surface layer of black soil. After the development of the Great Northern Wilderness, the annual loss of black soil reached .5-1 cm. If the black soil layer is not protected, it will disappear in another 5 years.

The loss of black soil means that the local soil is no longer fertile. Local environmentalists said that the black soil layer in the northeast is a thin layer, and below the black soil is the soil-forming parent material. The organic content of this matrix is almost zero, and even grass can't be fed. That is to say, if the black land disappears, it will become a barren land.

Furthermore, due to the progress of science, people have invented various high-yield grain varieties, as well as chemical fertilizers and pesticides, which have increased the grain output, enabling us to use less land to produce more grain, which is beneficial to returning farmland to wasteland in the black soil areas of northeast China.

In fact, the returning farmland to wasteland in Beidacang started earlier than we thought. As early as 21, the local government decided to stop wetland development and protect natural forests.

For areas with degraded soil and fragile ecological environment, such as lakeside and riverside land and land that is no longer suitable for cultivation, the local government has organized measures such as returning farmland to forests and grasslands, but some cultivated land with fertile soil and not serious soil degradation has been retained. After all, Beidacang is still shouldering the heavy responsibility of granary in China.

In addition, it should be noted that we should not only consider returning wasteland, but also consider the economic interests of local people, and actively promote the establishment of forest land breeding, tourist attractions and farmhouse music to ensure that the income of local farmers will not decline, or even increase. In this way, when the people have tasted the benefits of returning farmland to wasteland, they will have more motivation to maintain the policy of returning farmland to wasteland.