Questions about Taiyuan City

Street Introduction

Jiefang Road

North-south direction: starting from Yingze Street in the south and ending at Shengli Street in the north.

This road was built from 1955 to 1959 in the original Da Nanmen, Nanshi Street, Huo Niu Market, Maxi Street, Shifan Street, Houxiaohe, Fangshanfu, Xiaocang Lane, Dabeimen, and Tumen Street Newly built and expanded on the basis of eleven old streets including Shangbeiguan and Shangbeiguan. At that time, because the area along the road was the earliest area to be liberated in Taiyuan and was called the forerunner of Taiyuan's liberation, it was officially named Jiefang Road by the Taiyuan Municipal People's Committee on September 20, 1955.

Xinjian Road

North-south direction: starting from Yingze Street in the south and ending at Datong Road in the north.

The road originally ran along the moat outside the west gate of Taiyuan Ancient City - Zhenwu Gate and Fucheng Gate. In June of the 37th year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (AD 1609), a river temple was built on the west side of the moat, and a unicorn iron bull was cast and placed on the weir to control floods. With the change of dynasties, the moat dried up over time and became a moat. After liberation, a 13-meter-wide asphalt road was built on the moat. On September 20, 1955, the Taiyuan Municipal People's Committee officially named it Xinjian Road. It was widened to 50 meters in 1982 and is now a main line running from north to south in Taiyuan City.

Wuyi Road

North-south direction: starting from Wuyi Square in the south and ending at Shengli Street in the north.

When the Japanese invaded Taiyuan, this was a cement road from the north entrance of Hongshi Street to the north entrance of Jingying Middle Street. It was called Xinkai Road or Xiang Street at the time. In 1949, after Taiyuan was liberated, five roads including Xinkai Road, Shouyimen, Songhuapo, Jingying Zhongzheng Street, Xinmin Toutiao, and Xinmin Street were widened and built, extending northward to Shengli Street to build today's road. On September 20, 1955, the Municipal People's Committee named it Wuyi Road to express the idea that the working people were the masters of the country.

Jianshe South (North) Road

North-south direction: starting from Changfeng Street in the south and ending at the east entrance of Shengli Street in the north.

This was originally a moat outside the old Taiyuan East City. At that time, there was only a narrow dirt road along the moat. In 1983, when my country's national economic construction entered the first Five-Year Plan, the Municipal People's Committee decided to build a north-south passage here. In order to express the determination of the people of the city to build New China, this road was named Jianshe Road. Jianshe Road is one of the main roads running through the city from north to south. Construction began in 1953. On September 20, 1955, the Taiyuan Municipal People's Committee decided to name Jianshe South Road with Wulongkou as the boundary. In June 1982, the Municipal Revolutionary Committee decided to take Taiyuan Railway Station as the boundary and name them respectively Jianshe North Road and Jianshe South Road.

South Inner Ring Street

East-west direction: starting from Jianshe South Road in the east and ending at Jinci Road in the west.

South Inner Ring Street is a street that has developed rapidly in Taiyuan in recent years. As the center of the IT industry in Taiyuan City, it is the distribution center for computer hardware in the province, gathering hundreds of the best software and hardware vendors in the province.

Yingze Street

East-west direction: starting from Taiyuan Station in the east and ending at Yingze Street in the west.

After liberation, the street was widened and built on a dirt road less than two meters wide outside Yingzemen (today’s South Gate) and south of the moat. Because it is located in front of Yingzemen, Therefore, in September 1958, the People's Committee of Taiyuan City officially named it Yingze Street. In 1976, Yingze Street was extended eastward to Taiyuan Railway Station and was called Yingze East Street. In 1982, the municipal government merged Yingze East Street and Yingze Street and named them Yingze Street.

Fuxi Street

East-west direction: starting from Jiefang Road in the east and ending at Yifen Bridge in the west.

Fuxi Street is formed by the expansion and merger of ancient streets. Since the Song and Ming Dynasties, Yangqu County has been governed here. The county government at that time was located in the compound of No. 67 West Fu Street (Taiyuan Medicinal Materials Company Pharmaceutical Factory). It is bounded by the south entrance of the Lower Three Bridges. The section from the north entrance of Banpo Street to the west is called Xianqian Street; the section from the north entrance of Banpo Street to the west to the old city wall is called Shiertou. In the 20th year of the Republic of China (1931), Yan Xishan established the Governor's Office in the present provincial government office and changed Huishi Street to Fuxi Street. After liberation, when Jiefang Road was opened, Fuxi Street, Xian Street and Shiertou Street were merged. Because it is located to the west of the provincial government, it is called Fuxi Street. On July 15, 1958, the current name was approved by Taiyuan Municipal People's Committee Document No. 284.

Changfeng Street

East-west direction: starting from the south entrance of Jianshe South Road in the east and ending at Fenhe River in the west. It was once named Sanyingpan West Street. It was formed in the late 1930s and is located in the west of Sanyingpan. It was once called Sanyingpan West Street. In September 1982, the Municipal Revolutionary Committee named it Changfeng Street, which means "riding the long wind and breaking thousands of miles of waves". Sanyingpan is now the name of the underground city. When the Japanese invaded China, military camps were set up here, and later Yan Xishan's cavalry troops were also stationed here. Yingpan is the common name for the military camp. The camp is located to the south of the second camp, so it is called the third camp in order.

Liu Lane

North-south direction: starting from the south entrance of Zhonglou Street in the south and ending at Fudong Street in the north. Liuxiang is an ancient street in Taiyuan.

According to legend, at the end of the Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, when the Ming army attacked near Taiyuan, General Chang Yuchun disguised himself as a woodcutter and sneaked into Taiyuan City for reconnaissance. When he went to Qiaotou Street, he was discovered by the Yuan army and followed him. He turned into a nearby side street and was rescued by Mrs. Liu, an old woman who was over sixty years old. Fang enabled the Ming army to successfully capture Taiyuan City. In order to commemorate the Liu family, people planted willow branches on the street in front of each house. As time went by, this small street became shaded with green willows, so it was called Liuxiang.

In July 1958, the Municipal People's Committee decided to widen the west Xiao wall at the bottom of the gate and merge it into the northern section of Liuxiang, and merge it into the street, collectively known as Liuxiang.

Famous Figures

At the end of the Ming Dynasty and the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, in Yangqu County, Taiyuan Prefecture (today’s Taiyuan City), located in the hinterland of Shanxi Province, there was a man who was versatile, talented, and honest. A famous person with ideas and ambitions. His deeds and life are not found in official historical records. Even in the county and government annals that specifically record local historical traces, there are only a few words about him. However, his reputation and influence are quite large and profound. It is no exaggeration to say that he is almost a household name in the Taiyuan area and even the Three Jin Dynasties, known to all women and children, and he is quite popular among the people. It is well-known throughout Shanxi and even the whole country, and it is second to none. He is Fu Shan - Fu Qingzhu, a man with lofty ideals and benevolence during the Ming and Qing Dynasties.

Art China/

Fu Shan (1607-1684), whose courtesy name was Qingzhu, later changed to Qingzhu, had many nicknames, such as Gongta, Gongzhita, and Zhuyi. Taoist, Shi Taoist, Sulu, Qiaohuang, Qiaosong and so on. He lived in Datong for generations, and later moved to Xinzhou. His great-grandfather Fu Chaoxuan was captured and moved to the West Village of Yangqu, Taiyuan (today's northern suburb of Taiyuan).

Fu Shan was born in a family of officials and scholars, and his family had a long history of academics. His ancestors were famous for seven or eight generations, and they were famous scholars in "Zuo Zhuan" and "Han Shu". His great-grandfather Fu Chaoxuan was a guest of honor and chief executive officer of Ninghua Prefecture. His grandfather Fu Lin was an official in Shandong Council and Liaohai military preparation, and had considerable political achievements. His father Fu Zimo was not an official all his life and was good at academic research. When Fu Shan was young, he received a strict family education. He was well-read and memorized. After reading it several times, he could recite it. At the age of 15, he became a doctoral student, and at the age of 20, he took the advanced examination. Later, he studied at Sanli Academy and received guidance and teachings from Shanxi Tixue Yuan Jixian. He was one of Yuan's favored disciples.

Yuan Jixian was an upright and upright minister in the late Ming Dynasty. When he studied in Shanxi, he rectified the academic style of Sanli Academy with the spiritual purpose of "strict legislation and broad intentions", and selected talents in an eclectic way. He attached great importance to the education of articles and integrity, which had a profound influence on Fu Shan. Fu Shan was also proud of his academic excellence and integrity in the Yuan family. Yuan Jixian once served as the minister of the Ministry of War in the court. Because he was an honest official, upright and outspoken, he offended the powerful Wei Zhongxian and others, and was demoted to Shanxi Tixian. In the ninth year of Chongzhen (1636), Wei Zhongxian's best friend Zhang Sunzhen, the censor of Shanxi Province, made up a false accusation against Yuan Jixian and was imprisoned in the capital. Fu Shan stood up for Yuan Ming's injustice and contacted Xue Zongzhou and others with more than a hundred students, jointly signed the petition, and walked Went to Beijing to appeal for Yuan's grievances. He led all sentient beings to print and distribute public notices all over the capital, clarifying the truth, and appeared in court twice to testify. After seven or eight months of struggle, Yuan Jixian's unjust case was vindicated and he was restored to Wuchang Road. On the day Yuan Jixian got the news, Wei Zhongxian's lackey Zhang Sunzhen was also punished by being banished to the garrison for frame-up. The victory of this struggle shocked the whole country. Fu Shan received high honors and praises, and became famous in the capital and even throughout the country.

Art China /

After the Yuan case was over, Fu Shan returned to Taiyuan. He had no intention of an official career, so he found a temple in the northwest of the city and built it as a study. He carefully read all kinds of books. In addition to classics, classics, histories, and collections, he even carefully read Buddhist scriptures and Taoist scriptures, and mastered a wealth of knowledge. In the 16th year of Chongzhen (1643), Fu Shan was hired to give lectures at Sanli Academy. Not long after, Li Zicheng's rebel army marched into Taiyuan, and Fu Shan accompanied his mother to pacify Jiashan. Soon, the rebel army and the Qing army successively captured the north...

Di Renjie's hometown, Di Village, is located between Jianshe South Road and Bingzhou South Road. There was originally a stele of Di Gong in the northwest of the village, and an ancient locust tree in the north of the stele. According to old records, it was planted by Di's mother. There are 6 existing trees, with intertwined roots, towering dark colors, and strange shapes, which may look like a reclining tiger body or a meandering black dragon. Although the bark of the trunk is peeled off, the branches and leaves are luxuriant, which seems to be the style of the ancients. The People's Government of Yingze District, Taiyuan City built the "Tang Sophora japonica Garden" covering an area of ??6,600 square meters with ancient Sophora japonica as the center. Dozens of flowers and trees were planted around the Tang locust tree, and Tang-style corridors, double eaves halls, moon gates, etc. were built. The "Diliang Gong's hometown stele" and the Tang locust stele erected by the magistrate Dai Mengxiong during the Kangxi period were re-erected, becoming a It commemorates Dee Renjie and is one of the tourist attractions in Taiyuan.

In Di Village, there used to be a temple to commemorate Di Renjie, Duke of Liang of Tang Dynasty. There was an archway in front of it and the inscription "Deep in the White Clouds" was written on it. It is now abandoned. There is Dilianggong Lane in Taiyuan City, starting from Wenjin Lane in the south and ending at Shangma Street in the north. Because there was originally the Di Liang Gong Ancestral Hall. In the original Chongshan Temple, on the west side of the current Provincial Museum, there is a "Telegram of Duke Di Liang" written by Zhou Lingshu, the prefect of Taiyuan in the Qing Dynasty. During the Republic of China, the temple was destroyed and the monument was lost.

Di Renjie (630-700), courtesy name Huaiying, was a Ming Dynasty scholar. He was promoted to Dali Cheng during the reign of Emperor Gaozong of the Tang Dynasty. He was responsible for 17,000 people in the Qing Dynasty. When he was the governor of Jiangnan, he destroyed 1,700 obscene temples. When he was the governor of Yuzhou, he destroyed 1,700 temples. At that time, more than 2,000 people were accused of death. When Wu Zetian changed the Zhou Dynasty and proclaimed himself emperor, he was falsely accused and imprisoned. Later, he returned to the prime minister. He assisted Wu Zetian in reforming politics, recommended talents, and persuaded Wu Zetian to summon back his son, King Li Zhe of Luling, to avoid civil strife and restore the Tang Dynasty. Later he pursued Duke Liang of Jin.

There are many folk legends about Di Renjie. There is the Zhuangyuan Bridge in Wenying Lake. It is said that Di Renjie met an old man here when he was young and gave him an apricot flower. Later, Di Renjie won the number one scholar, hence the name. The bridge was originally a wooden bridge. In 1952, it was built as a white stone single-hole stone arch jade belt bridge. It still bears the old name as a commemoration.

Taiyuan Tourist Area

____________________________ Source: Longcheng Hotline [2006-6-13]

[9323]

Taiyuan City It is the capital of Shanxi, a tourism distribution center, and the epitome of modern Shanxi. This area is located on the Shanxi Plateau, reaching the northern end of Taiyuan Basin in the north, the west side of Taihang Mountain in the east, the bank of the Yellow River in the west, and bordering Linfen area in the south. It covers Taiyuan City, Jinzhong area, Luliang area and Yangquan City, so there are many areas in the Fen River Valley. It is a cultural landscape tourist area with tourist spots as its main body.

The distribution of tourist spots is centered on Taiyuan City and spreads along railways and highways. Among them, the two sides of Fenhe River and the surrounding mountains extending to the southwest along the Nantongpu Line form an area with the highest tourism value. Attraction cluster area.

The highlight tourist spots here are:

The Jinci Classical Garden, whose buildings and statues from the Song Dynasty are particularly precious;

The Tianlong Mountain Buddhist Grottoes, whose stone statues are A rare masterpiece in the Central Plains;

Longshan Taoist Grottoes are the only Taoist Grottoes of the Yuan Dynasty in China;

Twin Towers Yongzuo Temple, whose "Twin Towers Lingxiao" has become the The symbol of Taiyuan;

Xuanzhong Temple in Jiaocheng is the ancestral home of the Pure Land Sect of Buddhism;

Pangquangou National Nature Reserve in the northwest of Jiaocheng is a protected area on the Loess Plateau. A complete green treasure house;

North Wudang Mountain in Fangshan County is a national-level scenic spot with majestic, dangerous, strange and beautiful scenery;

The City God Temple in Yuci is Shanxi It is one of the oldest Chenghuang temples in the province;

Pingyao Ancient City is one of the only three complete remaining cities in China;

Pingyao Shuanglin Temple, with thousands of colorful sculptures, is one of the most famous Chinese sculptures in China. A rare original work of the Five Dynasties;

Niangziguan in Yangquan was a famous pass where Princess Pingyang of the Tang Dynasty commanded a garrison;

Dazhai in Xiyang was once very famous in the history of modern rural development. ;

The Xinghua Village Fen Liquor Factory in Fenyang is the famous hometown of Fen Liquor;

The Qiaojiabao Folk Museum in Qixian County has transformed the former mansions of Shanxi merchants into displays of Shanzhong folk customs A charming resort.

The modern "Taijiu" (Taiyuan-Jiuguan) expressway passes through the natural chasm of the Taihang Mountains, making the travel route from Beijing to Taiyuan a smooth road.

Jinci 30 yuan

Jinci tourist attraction is close to Taiyuan City, with climate conditions similar to the urban area. In addition, it is surrounded by water and mountains and has beautiful scenery. It is a summer resort and sightseeing spot for tourists. . Taiyuan City’s No. 8 unmanned ticketed bus and No. 8 small bus to Jinci have long day and night duration (6:00 a.m. to 23:00 p.m.) and short driving intervals (15-15:00 a.m.). -20 minutes), the ride environment is comfortable.

Chongshan Temple 4 yuan

The Shuangta Temple, a famous temple in the Three Jin Dynasties, is located at the foot of the mountain in the south of Haozhuang Village, southeast of Taiyuan City, about four kilometers away from the city center.

Chunyang Palace 5 yuan

It is located in the northwest corner of Wuyi Square in Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province. It was first built during the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, and a three-story Wei Pavilion was added during the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty. The palace has four courtyards, namely the Lu Zu Hall, the square single-room cloister pavilion and the Wei Pavilion. Ancillary rooms and brick cellars were built around it. The main hall of Lu Zu Hall is three rooms wide and very spectacular. The two courtyards behind the hall are pavilion-style buildings with scattered heights, twists and turns, and unique forms. The Wei Pavilion in the backyard is the highest. From the pavilion, you can have a panoramic view of the city. The front yard is also a pavilion-style building, with a square plane and rounded corners, and octagonal pointed pavilions are built at the four corners, which adds to the elegance. After liberation, a rockery was added, the Guan Gong Pavilion and the stele gallery were built, and it has been turned into the second part of the Shanxi Provincial Museum.

Tianlong Mountain 15 yuan

Tianlong Mountain, formerly known as Fangshan, is a branch of the Luliang Mountains, with an altitude of 1,700 meters. It is located 36 kilometers southwest of Taiyuan City and 14 kilometers away from the Jinci Scenic Area. There are dedicated roads connected. Tianlong Mountain has tall peaks, shady pines and cypresses, singing streams and streams, and a cool climate. As early as the Eastern Wei Dynasty, Gao Huan built a summer palace, and Gao Yang in the Northern Qi Dynasty built the Tianlong Temple and excavated grottoes. The mountain was named after the temple, and the temple was famous for the caves. From then on, Tianlong Mountain became famous.

Shuangta Temple 10 yuan

Shuangta Temple, a famous temple in the Three Jin Dynasties, is located at the foot of the mountain in the south of Haozhuang Village, southeast of Taiyuan City, about four kilometers away from the city center. Here, there are green trees and red walls, pagodas and Buddhist halls, exquisite niches and pavilions, steles and stone tablets, fragrant flowers, green pines and cypresses, solemnity and tranquility, and an ancient flavor.

Fenhe Park

Fenhe Park is a large urban ecological landscape park located in the center of Taiyuan. The first phase of the project was built from October 1998 to September 2000, with a total investment of 560 million. Yuan is a landscape garden with northern Chinese garden style and Taiyuan Fenhe regional culture. It is 6 kilometers long, 500 meters wide, and covers an area of ??300 hectares, forming 1.3 million square meters of water surface and 1.3 million square meters of green space. It is the current center of Taiyuan City. The largest and most concentrated public green space playground. It is also a water storage and beautification project for the Fenhe River section in Taiyuan City. The artificial compound river channel is divided into east and west channels by a middle partition wall. The clear water channel on the east side is 220 meters wide. It is divided into a three-level water storage lake by four rubber dams; the muddy water channel on the west side It is 80 meters wide and serves to drain upstream floods and transport water from the reservoir for irrigation. A box-shaped sewage culvert is arranged on each side of the east and west banks to receive water from urban sewage pipes and side mountain branch ditches and send it to the downstream sewage treatment plant for purification treatment.

Wujin Mountain

There is Wujin Mountain more than 10 kilometers outside the eastern suburbs of Taiyuan City, and it is closely adjacent to Han Mountain in the north. This is now a national-level forest park, but nine out of ten Taiyuan citizens do not know that there is such a good place close to Taiyuan.

Reference material: Taiyuan Tourism Network (www.tylygov.cn)

Twenty-five kilometers southwest of Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province, at the foot of Xuanweng Mountain and the source of Jinshui River, there is an ancient A garden was built and named "Jin Temple". Here, surrounded by mountains and rivers, with towering ancient trees, amidst the picturesque scenery, working people of all ages have built nearly a hundred palaces, halls, buildings, pavilions, pavilions, platforms, bridges and pavilions. Under the shade of lush trees, crystal clear spring water meanders through the temples and temples. The collection of historical relics and natural scenery makes tourists dizzy and forget to leave. As one of the national key cultural relics protection units and a famous tourist attraction, Jinci Temple receives thousands of domestic and foreign tourists all year round

Juewei Mountain Scenic Area. It is located 24 kilometers northwest of the city. The mountains are steep and steep, with pines and cypresses everywhere. Mountain flowers bloom in spring, and red leaves cover the mountains in autumn. "Juiwei Red Leaves" is one of the famous scenery in Taiyuan. There is Duofu Temple and a seven-level stupa on the top of the mountain. There are temple murals and Fu ink inscriptions inside the temple. Juewei Mountain Scenic Area is close to the urban area and has a pleasant climate. It is a place for tourists to sightsee and relax. Each scenic spot in this scenic spot has its own characteristics, and the access roads are convenient. The small beaches and famous food near the scenic spot have Shanxi characteristics and flavor, which is very attractive.

Duofu Temple

It is located on the top of Juwei Mountain, 24 kilometers northwest of Dayuan City, Shanxi Province. The temple is located in a small valley on the top of the mountain. A slow clear stream winds down past the temple, making a gurgling sound, which is very interesting as an ancient temple. The temple was first built in the first year of Tang Zhen (786 AD). It was first named Jueweijiao Temple and later changed its name to its current name. The father and son Li Keyong and Li Cunxu (Zhuangzong of the later Tang Dynasty) of the Tang Dynasty once came here to worship Buddha and burn incense, and the temple was in unprecedented condition. It was destroyed by war in the late Song Dynasty, rebuilt during the Hongwu period of the Ming Dynasty, and then rebuilt many times. The existing mountain gate and bell tower are there. The Main Hall, Wenshu Pavilion, Sutra Library, East and West Duo Hall, etc., as well as the statues and murals in the hall, are all relics of the Ming Dynasty. Only the brick pagoda on the top of the mountain in front of the temple is still the original structure from the Song Dynasty.

Big Buddha Temple

Also known as Jingyin Temple. It is in Tutang Village, 20 kilometers northwest of Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province. Sitting north to south, facing Fenshui River in the east, there are towering ancient cypresses and mixed shade trees. The inscription records that during the Han Dynasty, the earth collapsed and the mountain collapsed into a cave. The earth mound in the cave was ten feet high and resembled a Buddha statue. It is said that the mountain collapsed and the Buddha appeared. This was the cause of the Buddhist Pure Land, so a temple was built here. According to research, the temple was first built in the Northern Qi Dynasty, rebuilt in the fifth year of Jin Taihe (1205), and rebuilt many times in the Ming Dynasty. Except for the two stone lions at the lower end of the hanging belt, which are carved from the Jin Dynasty, the rest are relics from the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The temple is divided into front and back entrances. There are Tiantu Hall and East Side Hall in the front yard, separated by a card wall and a hanging flower door in the middle. There are Mahavira Hall, Luohan Hall and Ksitigarbha Hall in the backyard. The statues in each hall were painted in the Qing Dynasty, but their style has been lost. On both sides of the temple site, a double-eaves mountain-style pavilion was built on the cliff in the 20th year of the Jiajing reign of the Ming Dynasty (1541). Inside the pavilion is a deep earth cave, housing one Buddha and two Bodhisattvas. The Buddha is 9 meters high, sitting in the lotus position, and there are two in front of it. The Bodhisattvas who serve on both sides serve on the left and right, and they are all enlightened objects. Jingyin Temple and Tudang Buddha are located in the same temple, which has actually formed its own pattern since the Ming Dynasty. The ancient cypresses beside the temple grow strangely, and the "strange cypress in the earth hall" is also a scene in Taiyuan.

Doctor Dou Temple

It is located in Lancun, 20 kilometers northwest of Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province, on the left side of Fenhe River Gorge. The mountain palaces stand on the walls, with clear streams flowing through them. The ancient cypresses in the temple are green, and the palaces are majestic. Dou Cao, a senior official of the Jin Dynasty, also known as Mingdu, had a fiefdom in Taiyuan. He once opened canals to make money, and his descendants built a temple here to worship. The temple is located at the foot of Lieshi Mountain, so it is also called Lieshi Shrine. In June of the eighth year of Yuanfeng in the Song Dynasty, the temple was flooded by the Fen River and the tunnel was moved northward and rebuilt. There are inscriptions from all dynasties. The existing mountain gate, pavilion, main hall, etc. were all rebuilt in the third year of Yuan Zhizheng (1343), and some parts still retain the style of the Song and Jin Dynasties. The pavilion in the center is very large, and the rear eaves columns are replaced by corridor columns in the main hall. The structure is simple and rigorous, which is rare in Jin and Yuan architecture. The clear spring next to the temple gushes out from under the blue cliff of Lieshi Mountain. It is crystal clear and can be seen swimming in numbers. Because the water temperature is low, it is called "cold spring". It complements the ancient Cangbai Temple and is full of elegance. "Fierce Stone Cold Spring" is one of the scenic spots in Taiyuan.

Battle

Battle of Taiyuan

During the War of Liberation, the North China Military Region troops of the Chinese People's Liberation Army and one unit each of the First and Fourth Field Armies attacked the Kuomintang's fortified troops. A tough battle in Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province.

After the end of the Jinzhong Campaign in late July 1948, Shanxi Province was liberated except for Taiyuan and Datong. Most of the troops under Yan Xishan, director of the Kuomintang's Taiyuan "Appeasement" Office, have been annihilated. The remaining five divisions and one temporary corps have contracted in Taiyuan and its peripheral areas, attempting to rely on the dangerous terrain and solid fortifications to hold on. In order to seize Taiyuan and annihilate the Yan Xishan Group, Xu Xiangqian, the first deputy commander of the North China Military Region, commander and political commissar of the 1st Corps, was ordered by the Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of China to unified command the 1st Corps (administering the 8th, 13th, and 15th Corps). Column), the 1st Artillery Brigade of the North China Military Region, the 7th Column of the Northwest Field Army, 3 independent brigades of the Jinzhong Military Region, and the 2nd Security Brigade of the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia-Jinsui Joint Defense Military Region, etc. More than 115,000 people from 18 brigades, including The victory in the Battle of China advanced to Taiyuan, and they gathered in Yuci, Taigu, Qingyuan (now Qingxu) and other places and conducted training in preparation for launching the Taiyuan Campaign in mid-October.

Taiyuan is the capital of Shanxi Province. It is located in the northern part of the Jinzhong Basin, leaning on Han Mountain to the east and Fenhe River to the west. The terrain is undulating in the north and south, making it easy to defend but difficult to attack. It is a strategic location in North China.

After long-term operation, the Yan Xishan Group built a wide variety of peripheral strongholds, deep positions and city defenses, forming a multi-layered and deep ring defense system in Taiyuan that combined various fortresses, trenches and secret passages and relied on each other. In the defense line that starts from Huangzhai and Zhoujiashan in the north, reaches Wusu and Xiaodian Town in the south, starts from Shiqianfeng in the west, and ends at Hanshan in the east, there are more than 5,000 large bunkers in the main defense area alone. Permanent fortifications with blockhouses as the backbone were built at key points such as Niutuozhai, Xiaoyaotou, Naoma and Shantou in the east of the city, Wohu Mountain in the northeast of the city, and Shuangta Temple in the southeast of the city, which became the main barrier of Taiyuan. In order to strengthen its defense strength, the Kuomintang army reorganized the 30th Division (later renamed the 30th Army) from Xi'an by air to reinforce Taiyuan; through means such as capturing Ding, the city's garrison was expanded to 5 military headquarters, 14 infantry divisions and 3 The temporary general army, three special divisions, together with the security forces, have increased the total strength to nearly 100,000, with more than 600 artillery pieces of various types. Taiyuan City was divided into a central defense zone and four peripheral defense zones in the east (later divided into southeast and northeast), south, west and north. Its deployment is: 5 corps and 11 divisions (corps) are responsible for the defense of the east, south, west and north areas; directly affiliated troops are used to defend the central area of ????the city; 1 corps and 6 divisions are responsible for mobile operations. The defense focus is placed on the northern and southern districts.

The front committee of the 1st Corps of the North China Military Region decided on September 28 to gradually weaken the defenders by siege, disintegration, and attack, and then seize the Dongshan Fortress in one fell swoop. Capture Taiyuan as a guideline for the campaign. The first step is to break through the first line of defense from the southeast and northeast of Taiyuan, control the south and north airports with firepower, and cut off foreign aid; the second step is to seize major peripheral strongholds such as Shantou, Naoma, Shuangta Temple, and Crouching Tiger Mountain; The third step is to carry out siege with the southeast and northeast of the city as the main assault directions.

On October 2, in order to destroy the People's Liberation Army's campaign preparations and seize food and capture soldiers, the Taiyuan garrison deployed 7 divisions along the east side of the Fen River and the Tongpu Railway (Datong-Fenglingdu ) to attack from the west to the south. On the 3rd, the temporary 44th, 45th and 72nd divisions and the first part of the 72nd division entered Xiaodian Town, Southwest Pan Village and other places; the temporary 40th, 49th and 73rd divisions and other units entered Qiucun and Xiwenzhuang. and other places; the 66th and 69th Divisions gathered in the Hongsi area. Xu Xiangxiang decided to seize the advantageous opportunity for the defenders to break away from their defensive positions, launch the Taiyuan Campaign in advance, and first wipe out their effective forces in the field. At dawn on October 5, the main force of the 7th Column crossed the Fenhe River from Qingyuan to the east and went straight to the north of Xiaodian Town; the 15th Column set out from Taigu and Yuci to the west, went straight to the north of Wusu Airport, and joined forces with the 7th Column. Forming a pincer attack from the east and west, they cut off the retreat route of the Kuomintang troops that had entered Xiaodian Town and Wusu Airport to Taiyuan, and prepared to block the southern reinforcements of the Taiyuan defenders; the 8th and 13th Columns quickly encircled and occupied Xiaodian Town and Nanhei. The Kuomintang troops in Yao and other places. By the morning of the 6th, all the temporary 44th and 45th divisions and one unit each of the 72nd and temporary 49th divisions were annihilated. Subsequently, each column continued to expand its results, capturing Wusu Airport and many strongholds, and reached the south side of the Dongshan Fortress area. The first section of the 7th Column, in order to support operations in the Xiaodian area, wiped out more than one regiment of the 68th Division and one battalion of the temporary 39th Division in the Fenggeliang area in the north of the city, and used artillery fire to control the Xincheng Airport in the north of the city. After 11 days of fierce fighting, the troops annihilated 2 divisions, 3 regiments and 7 battalions of the Kuomintang army, killing and wounding more than 12,000 prisoners, approaching and partially breaking through the first line of defense of the northern and southern Taiyuan defenders. On October 16, the 7th, 13th, 15th Column and part of the 8th Column, with the cooperation of troops from the Jinzhong Military Region, rapidly attacked the defenders of Dongshan Fortress from the north and south. By the 19th, they successively captured fortification positions such as Heituo, Shirenliang, Dayaotou, Xiaobeijian, Yulinping, Mengjiajing and Niutuozhai, annihilated part of the defenders, and forced a regiment of Hanshan defenders to surrender. , occupying Hanshan Mountain, the main peak of Dongshan Mountain, and most of the positions. Yan Xishan concentrated the 30th Army and the retained Japanese soldiers as the backbone of the temporary 10th Corps. With the support of artillery fire, he launched many violent counterattacks against Niutuo Village. On a position of less than 300 square meters, he poured out tens of thousands of artillery shells every day. above. The 7th Column and other units resisted tenaciously and fought fiercely for three days. After inflicting heavy casualties on the enemy, they withdrew from Niutuo Village. On the 26th, in order to destroy the Dongshan defensive position of the defenders and seize the support for the siege, the 1st Corps headquarters adjusted its deployment again and used the 7th, 8th, 15th, and 13th columns to capture Niutuozhai, Xiaoyaotou, and Naoma respectively. , Shantou and other four major points of Dongshan. With the cooperation of the air force, the defenders relied on the difficult terrain to hold on and resisted, and launched poison gas bombs and incendiary bombs. The 1st Corps and other units made a brave assault and repulsed the defenders' counterattacks many times. After 19 days and nights of repeated fierce battles, by November 13th, all four key points of Dongshan were captured. The army annihilated more than 22,000 defenders and won over the defenders. The 8th Army Corps revolted. At the same time, troops from the Jinzhong Military Region captured strongholds such as Qinglong Town in the north of the city, Xutan in the south of the city, and the North and South Weirs on the west bank of the Fen River, tightening the siege of Taiyuan City. During this period, Huang Qiaosong, commander of the 30th Army of the garrison, sent representatives to contact the People's Liberation Army siege troops about the uprising. The 1st Corps immediately sent personnel into the city to help organize the uprising. However, due to being betrayed, Huang Qiaosong and others were arrested and killed, and the uprising failed to materialize.

Under the unified deployment of the Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of China, the attack on Taiyuan was slowed down, the troops were reorganized and the political offensive was launched. After the Liaoshen Campaign ended in early November, Fu Zuoyi, the commander-in-chief of the Kuomintang Army's "bandit suppression" group in North China, was already frightened. . The Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of China considered that conquering Taiyuan too early might make Fu Zuoyi's group feel isolated and flee south or west from the Ping-Tianjin area. In order to stabilize the Fu Zuoyi Group, a telegram was issued on November 16 to delay the attack on Taiyuan.

The 1st Corps of the North China Military Region followed the unified deployment of the Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of China on strategic decisive battles. Starting from December 1, it used one force to capture Songshu Slope in the east of Taiyuan City, Sucun, Yangqu, and Lan Village in the north of the city, and Huaqi in the south of the city. Head, Zhaojiashan, Qiugou and other strongholds used firepower to blockade the airports in the west and north of the city, further compressing the defenders into a narrow area of ??only 15 kilometers in length and width. After that, some troops were used to hold the forward position and monitor the defenders, while the main force shifted to rest and recuperation. At the same time, various troops besieging the city carried out extensive political offensives through battlefield propaganda, distributing leaflets, and mobilizing relatives of the defenders to persuade them, prompting a large number of defenders to revolt and surrender. By March 1949, more than 12,000 defenders were disbanded. Through pre-battle training, the troops' ability to attack difficult problems has been further improved.

After the Battle of Pingjin in January 1949, the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Corps of the North China Military Region were renamed the 18th, 19th, and 20th Corps respectively, and the 7th Column of the Northwest Field Army was renamed the 7th Column of the First Field Army. military. In March, the 19th and 20th Corps and one artillery division each from the Fourth Field Army and the North China Military Region were ordered by the Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of China to go to the Taiyuan front line. Together with the 18th Corps and other departments, they attacked Taiyuan, bringing the total of the People's Liberation Army to the Taiyuan front line. The number of troops increased to more than 320,000, giving them an absolute advantage over the defenders. On March 17, the Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of China decided to form the Taiyuan Front General Committee of the Communist Party of China with Xu Xiangqian as the secretary and the Taiyuan Front Headquarters with Xu Xiangqian as the commander and political commissar to uniformly command the participating troops. On March 28, Peng Dehuai, deputy commander-in-chief of the People's Liberation Army, commander and political commissar of the First Field Army, returned to the northwest from the Central Station of the Communist Party of China and passed through the Taiyuan front line to participate in commanding the general attack on Taiyuan.

annihilate the Yan Xishan Group and liberate Taiyuan. After the previous stage of operations, the Taiyuan Kuomintang army, together with the losses during the siege, had consumed more than 40,000 troops. However, Yan Xishan, who was in desperate situation, not only refused the People's Liberation Army's advice to peacefully liberate Taiyuan, but instead recruited soldiers to expand the army and organized the "brave division", "iron-blooded division" and "loyalty division". The 83rd Division was airlifted from Yulin to Taiyuan, so that the Taiyuan garrison still maintained the strength of 6 corps. Together with the irregular army, about 70,000 people formed the 10th and 15th Corps Headquarters. Its deployment is: 12 divisions will be used to defend the outskirts of Taiyuan, 2 divisions will be used to defend the urban area, and the remaining troops will be used as mobile, but their combat effectiveness is very weak. On February 15, Yan Xishan fled Taiyuan by plane and ordered Sun Chu, deputy director of the "Appeasement" Office and commander of the 15th Corps, and Wang Jingguo, Taiyuan Defense Commander and Commander of the 10th Corps, to command the Taiyuan defenders to continue to resist. On March 31, the Taiyuan Front Committee of the Communist Party of China determined the campaign policy and deployment of "separating the surrounding enemies, conducting continuous attacks, striving to annihilate most or all of them, occupying favorable positions for siege, and then concentrating all efforts to siege the city." : The 20th Corps and 1 division of the 7th Army attacked the defenders of the North District from the northeast and northwest of the city; the 19th Corps and the Jinzhong Military Region troops attacked the defenders of the South and West District from the south and southwest of the city; the 18th Corps and the 7th Army The main force of the army attacked the warehouse area from the east of the city, and cooperated with the 19th and 20th Corps to attack the defenders of the southeastern and northeastern districts; the main force of the 1st Artillery Division of the Fourth Field Army and the 3rd Artillery Division of the North China Military Region (renamed from the 1st Artillery Brigade) were The Taiyuan Frontline Command is directly under the command, and the 4th Artillery Division of the North China Military Region and part of the 1st Artillery Division of the Fourth Field Army are attached to the 19th and 20th Corps for operations. The offensive began across the board on April 20. With the support of powerful artillery fire, the troops adopted the tactics of fierce penetration, division and encirclement, and annihilation. They quickly broke through the defenders' defense lines and successively occupied Xincheng and Taizitou in the north of the city, Fenhe Bridge, Dawang Village, and Xiaowang Village in the south and south of the city, and Di in the south of the city. Village, old military camp, Haojiagou, Jianzi Bay and other places in the east of the city. By the 22nd, all peripheral strongholds were captured, 12 defending divisions were annihilated, and the commanding heights of Shuangta Temple and Crouching Tiger Mountain were controlled, approaching Taiyuan city. In order to reduce the damage to the urban area of ??Taiyuan and the loss of lives and property of citizens, the Taiyuan Frontline Command issued an ultimatum to the defenders on the 22nd. Sun Chu, Wang Jingguo and others still refused to surrender. In the early morning of the 24th, the siege troops prepared firepower with more than 1,300 artillery pieces and launched a general attack on the city wall. The 20th Corps first broke through the city wall from the east side of the Xiaobei Gate. The 18th and 19th Corps also successively entered the city and started street battles with the defenders. The troops entering the city used small explosives to quickly open up a path forward and bravely penetrated towards the defender's command center. At about 9 o'clock, they broke into the Taiyuan "Appeasement" Office and captured Sun Chu, Wang Jingguo, Japanese advisers Imamura, Iwata and others. By 10 o'clock, all Taiyuan defenders were annihilated.

In the Battle of Taiyuan, the People's Liberation Army suffered 15,000 casualties and annihilated one "appeasement" office, 2 corps headquarters, 6 military headquarters, and 20 divisions of the Kuomintang army, killing and wounding more than 135,000 prisoners. people. After the liberation of Taiyuan, more than 10,000 Kuomintang defenders in Datong saw that the situation was over and accepted the reorganization on April 29. Datong was peacefully liberated. At this point, the entire province of Shanxi was liberated, ending Yan Xishan's 38-year rule over the people of Shanxi Province.

The 200-day Taiyuan Battle

After July 1948, Yan Xishan, director of the Taiyuan Pacification Office of the Kuomintang army, led the remaining 100,000 troops to trap Taiyuan and its suburbs, using the original There are city walls and surrounding highland rivers, and a multi-layered large-depth circular defense system that combines bunkers, open trenches and secret passages has been built. It has become an isolated point, tightly surrounded by the People's Liberation Army. On October 5, the 1st Corps of the North China People's Liberation Army was ordered to launch the Battle of Taiyuan. Because Taiyuan was Yan Xishan's hometown and last stronghold, the competition was extremely fierce.

By mid-November, the 1st Corps captured several commanding heights outside the city, occupied Wusu Airport, and controlled the airport in the north of the city with firepower, further narrowing the encirclement. Later, as the People's Liberation Army launched the Pingjin Campaign, the 1st Corps was ordered by the Central Military Commission to delay the attack on Taiyuan and transition to an encirclement situation to rest and recuperate. In April 1949, the Central Military Commission decided to strengthen its offensive power and appointed Xu Xiangqian as the commander of the Taiyuan Frontline Command to unified command the 18th Corps (renamed the 1st North China Corps), the 19th Corps, the 20th Corps, the Fourth Field Army, and the North China Military Region One artillery division each attacked Taiyuan again. A general offensive was launched on April 20. Under the cover of powerful artillery fire, each corps moved bravely, quickly cleared the peripheral strongholds, and approached the city wall.

The siege began at 5:30 on the 24th, and broke through the small north gate at 6:15, driving back the defenders and counterattacking.