Looking at real society from a philosophical perspective

The guiding significance of Marxist philosophy to real society

Philosophy is the essence of the spirit of the times and the highest product and crystallization of human thinking and wisdom. Philosophy leads people to think deeply about nature, society and life in its unique way. Marxist philosophy is a scientific worldview and methodology, a product of modern civilization, the essence of the contemporary spirit of the times, and the crystallization of excellent human philosophical thoughts. Through one semester of studying Marxism and Philosophy, I learned that Marxist philosophy is a scientific worldview and methodology, and I have a certain understanding of the philosophical concepts and ideological essence elaborated in it. However, philosophy is broad and profound, and because of my limited life experience, I may only have a superficial understanding of it, and not enough understanding of deep-seated issues. Here I will only use the knowledge I have learned and known to discuss the topics given by the teacher.

1. Critical thinking on textbooks

From childhood to adulthood, we all use textbooks as the basis for our learning. In the learning process, teachers play the role of "preaching, teaching, and explaining." Confused" function. As far as I am concerned, I have always admired textbooks when I was a child, thinking that they are the Holy Word, and there is absolutely nothing wrong with them. If the teacher has something different from what is taught in the book, I will definitely think that the teacher is bad, and it is the teacher who teaches it. Wrong. As I grew older, I realized that textbooks are also compiled by people, and the contents in them are not holy words, and the things in them are not necessarily correct. Only then did I understand the so-called principle of "all faith in books is worse than no books at all".

Since I entered college, as I have grown older and deepened my knowledge level and broadened my knowledge, I have had my own ideas about some of the contents and opinions in the book, and I have been able to make some judgments about them. and evaluation. When accepting some views such as materialism and dialectics in Mazhe's textbook, I feel that I should also raise some questions of my own about some of the content. First of all, why should we learn from Ma Zhe? As the saying goes: "Thoughts are the vanguard of action." With correct ideas as a banner, we have reasons and rules to follow in our work, study, and life. At the same time, Marxism also serves as the ideological guide for our party to lead the people, and practice has proven that it can withstand the test. Secondly, the times are developing. Due to the limitations of the times, some contents in Marxist philosophy should be viewed from a developmental perspective, consider some of the views and give them distinctive characteristics of the times, instead of asking us to stick to the rules. to accept the ideas contained therein. Finally, everyone's point of view is different, and textbooks are also written by scholars in real life. After all, they have their own imperfections. It is said that "a wise man will make a mistake after thinking a lot." This requires us to think hard during the learning process, use our brains more to discover the imperfect details, and communicate more of our opinions with teachers and classmates, so as to learn through criticism and grow through thinking.

2. Critical thinking about critical thinking

Nowadays, almost the entire human race is immersed in the ocean of economics, the flowers of thought are beginning to wither, and philosophy has become an outdated "cultural relic" ". Therefore, the word "criticism" with strong rationality has almost been forgotten by people. People experience the fun of "competition" perceptually in real life. However, in the history of modern thought, the word "criticism" was once very popular. Recalling this word today may bring some academic pleasure. Because an era without criticism and no longer needing criticism may be derived from an era of intense criticism. I think the critical questions asked by the teacher also want us to calm down and think dialectically and rationally about the textbooks and some things around us!

First, let’s take a look at the development and changes of “criticism” in the eyes of philosophers. In the eyes of German philosophers, the word "criticism" is highly favored. Since Kant built the philosophical edifice with the "Three Critiques", criticism has become a magic weapon in the hands of philosophers. In the process of the disintegration of Hegelian philosophy, the "Young Hegelians" once flooded criticism. In the 20th century, the Frankfurt School once again abused criticism and developed philosophical criticism to the point where there was no way out. The social critical theory of the Frankfurt School is the end of criticism, because this kind of criticism absolutely negates all existence in reality, making philosophy no longer human reason, but completely becoming the cynical complaints of philosophers.

The second is some of my views on "criticism". Why do some people hold positive opinions while others hold negative opinions on something? In addition, even the same person will have two completely different opinions on the same thing. Why? This is the dialectical thinking in philosophy. The concept of dialectics already contains the meaning of negation, that is, reaching affirmation through negation. If we can put forward our own critical opinions on things or phenomena happening around us, it means that we are still thinking rationally. Even if this criticism is individualistic, after all, it is our own idea, and humans are different from other animals. The essence is that people can think rationally. At the same time, I think dialectical thinking is a way of thinking that respects objective facts and is a universal explanation principle for the confrontation between society and nature. Of course, dialectics as a universal explanatory principle never stops at superficial explanations, but requires critical reflection on the inner connections of reality.

Take examples around us. In response to the widespread anti-Japanese sentiment and boycott of Japanese goods among students, some people who consider themselves rational have come forward to criticize, saying that as contemporary college students, we should stay calm. We should not be emotional and treat this matter with the qualities that our college students should have. The latter can be described as a critical reflection on the former's behavior. However, when I think about it, since we are passionate intellectual youths, Japan’s aggression and persecution against us in the past aside, today it still cannot make a clear and clear statement on historical issues, and cannot reflect on the crimes it committed. committed historical crimes, while also repeatedly tampering with Japanese history textbooks. Can we tolerate this kind of behavior? In addition, Japan has not followed the relevant provisions of international law and has occupied the East China Sea continental shelf and Diaoyu Islands that belong to my country to a certain extent. Can we endure such humiliation again and again? Recently, Japan has been clamoring to become a permanent member of the United Nations without acknowledging historical issues. I think any rational Chinese will not agree! It can be seen that the above facts are critical reflections on the latter point of view.

In general, we must use dialectical methods to think about everything, look at the problem with a critical eye (that is, with a skeptical eye), and question one aspect of the matter, so that we can see Another side of things, so that we can look at things more comprehensively, objectively and accurately.

3. Critical thinking on the current situation and growth process of self-independence

Engels once pointed out: "The fact that man comes from the animal kingdom has determined that man can never completely get rid of animal nature. , so the question can only be about getting rid of more or less, and the difference between the degree of animality and human nature. "I think the reason why people become human is because they can work and think rationally. This is the essence of human beings. location.

Human beings are social beings. I think anyone with a bit of philosophical common sense knows this. However, the topic given by the teacher asked us to think critically about our own independent growth. I feel confused here. As a social being, I have lived in the environment of family and friends since I was a child. Even growing up is not an independent process. But from another perspective, the process of growth is indeed independent. According to the perspective of Marxist philosophy, this is the contradiction of things.

Materialist dialectics believes that everything in the world contains contradictions, but the contradictions of different things are very different and different. Therefore, any contradiction is the dialectical unity of universality and particularity. The first meaning of the universality of contradiction is that contradiction exists in the development process of all things, that is, there is a contradiction in everything and contradictions are everywhere; the second meaning is that there is a contradiction from beginning to end in the development process of every thing. , there are contradictions all the time, and contradictions are everywhere. In addition, the particularity of contradiction means that the contradiction of every thing and each side of the contradiction have its own characteristics. Likewise, there were all kinds of contradictions when I was growing up.

From a baby waiting to be caressed to a mature and rational college student, there is laughter and sadness in this growth process. It can be said that I basically have no memory of things before the first grade of elementary school. In this article, I will start from my elementary school career to explain the impact of some important things on my growth process and some insights in the process.

(1) Elementary school - learn to be honest

The six years of elementary school are relatively long, and there are no ups and downs. It should be called dull. Maybe I was still young at that time and didn't understand the richness and variety of life. I only knew the life of going to school and finishing school every day at two o'clock and on the line. There are fewer things that are deeply remembered. One of the things I still remember is what happened when I was in the third grade of elementary school. I have never been among the top ten in my class. However, I ranked 11th in the final exam for the second semester of my third grade. The moment I got the notice, the first thought that came to my mind was "Oops." Yes, I will definitely get scolded." Of course, when I was young, I couldn't think of more advanced thoughts like disappointing my parents. In addition, I also thought that the relatives around me would definitely want to see my transcript. I used to be in the top of the list, but now I am in the 11th place, and I feel embarrassed. It is really the so-called "dog jumping over the wall". After briefly thinking about the consequences, I made a decision, that is, using my own pen to change 11 to 4. You can imagine how I changed it. of. I didn't have time to take a closer look at the results of the revision, nor did I have time to think about it, so I took the transcript and went back with my friends. My father asked me how many places I got in the exam, and I said I was fourth. My father was very happy and asked my mother to make delicious food for me. Of course, I accepted it with peace of mind, and then went to play with my friends. However, I was called back to the house at night, and saw my parents and uncles "studying" with my transcripts. At that time, my heart sank, and I felt that something was wrong. The next second my father asked me, asking me if I had corrected the report card myself. Of course I had to bite the bullet and deny it. At that time, I thought that the consequences of admitting it would be serious, so I kept denying it. Little did I know at that time that adults were very shrewd and could see through the little tricks of children at a glance. Maybe the reform method was also very childish at that time. Generally speaking, the consequences were really serious. I was educated by my parents all night. Of course, it was not because I got 11th place in the exam, but because of my dishonesty.

Now that I think about the scene of being criticized, I feel very embarrassed and embarrassed. It is precisely because of this that I have always remembered this incident. I have always remembered it over the years and often use it as a warning to be honest. . No matter what you do wrong or how serious the consequences are, telling others the truth is the most important thing. Honesty is a virtue. Whether it is with relatives, friends or others, I choose to be honest with others. Therefore, I have many friends around me over the years. Maybe it is partly due to my personality charm. The reason why some things are remembered deeply is because they gave us inspiration when we were growing up, allowing us to learn how to grow better, be a better person, and be an honest and upright person.

(2) Junior high school - learning to be a good person

In junior high school, I grew up wrapped in honor. In the first semester of my first year of junior high school, I stood out from my classmates and attracted the attention of my teachers and classmates. Gradually, the teacher's praise and classmates' praise made me more confident. Maybe you want to say that as a rational person, you should not live in the praise of others, nor should you affirm your own value with the affirmation of others. But what I want to say is that my mind was not mature at that time. Maybe it was vanity that caused trouble. I felt so happy when I heard people's praises. I couldn't listen to criticism at all at that time. Precisely because my sharpness was so obvious, I aroused the resentment of some classmates, especially my roommates in the dormitory. They began to reject me collectively in the dormitory and were unwilling to talk to me. What made the conflict even more intensified was that when I made the same mistake, because my grades were good, the teacher punished them instead of criticizing me. For a time, it became even harder for me to have a foothold in the dormitory. When I opened the door, I saw a group of people gathered around me. There was a lot of discussion, and when they saw me entering, they dispersed in silence. No one wants to be in that kind of situation. In the next period of time, I reflected on myself and worked hard to improve the relationship with the dormitory people. Playing with privileges, etc.) Through a series of efforts, I finally got the recognition of my classmates, and my interpersonal relationships have greatly improved. From this incident, I learned how to be a human being and how to be humble; I learned how to get along with others and how to integrate into a group. Lei Feng once said: "A drop of water will never dry up until it is put into the ocean. A person can be most powerful only when he integrates himself with the collective cause." I also appreciate this sentence very much. Agree. The achievements and honors I achieved in the second and third years of junior high school are inseparable from the support of my classmates. The harmonious interpersonal relationships made me feel like I was sailing with the current, and I lived a very happy and fulfilling life in study and life. Since I was in junior high school, I have been reminding myself that I must be humble and always be good at everything but not arrogant. This has paved the way for me to have a good mass foundation as a cadre in high school and college. Thanks for the setbacks, they make me grow!

(3) High school - learn to learn

It is precisely because the study in junior high school is too easy that I did not pay enough attention to learning as soon as I entered high school. I always thought that Learning is very easy, and I can definitely learn it if I want to. It is precisely because I have always had this idea that I didn't spend any time or study seriously at first. I thought that my basic skills were good and as long as I studied a little bit, it would be absolutely no problem to catch up. The most outrageous thing is that I play different tricks with my good friends, chat together during self-study, and always get distracted in class. Now that I think about it, I didn't put any effort into studying at all at that time. It may have something to do with the rebellious thoughts of my youth. The more the teacher emphasized that studying in high school would have a greater impact on later life, the more resistant I felt. I feel that the teacher is completely alarmist and there is no need to listen to him. This state lasted until the third year of high school. When I saw the classmates around me preparing for the college entrance examination and studying hard, I started to feel a little anxious. When I am anxious, I feel at a loss. I don’t know where my future is, and I don’t know myself. What is the ideal. When people asked me which school I wanted to apply for, I had no idea. I spent my senior year in high school confused, hesitant, and anxious. Of course, I knew what the result of the college entrance examination would be if I thought about it. My score only reached the transfer line of an ordinary university. . This result was both expected and unexpected. It was expected because I knew that I had not learned any real skills in the past three years. It was unexpected because I always felt that I had a good foundation. How can a person who has been pampered since childhood and grew up in applause accept such a result? Ask yourself, I think I am excellent and I cannot accept failure. I watched the classmates around me take their admission letters and go to their ideal universities. At that moment, I knew what failure meant. At that moment, I heard the gossip of people around me. At that moment, I understood the faint look in my parents’ eyes. Disappointment, at that moment, my heart also broke, bleeding, falling to the ground drop by drop, my heart hurt... After learning from the pain, I decided to repeat the study for another year and use my own sweat to strive for my own glory. Facts have proved that I did it. In the last year, I corrected my study attitude, studied with my heart and memorized with my brain. Finally, I was admitted to my ideal university. It can be said that repeating this year has had a great impact on me now. I have learned to study, to be serious and attentive in doing things, and to know that success is easy to come by. Since then, I have become stronger and more mature, and I have learned that I have to be responsible for myself and my family; I have learned that success depends on sweat, and there are no shortcuts in learning.

The most important thing is to have a strong heart that can withstand setbacks!

(4) University - Learn to Think

When I entered university, everything was so novel, and I also felt that it was time for me to be independent. I would no longer have the discipline and supervision of my parents. The teacher's restraints. However, after one semester of studying Mazhe, I realized that I still have many shortcomings. It can also be said that my thinking has reached a new height. No matter what the environment is, I need endless learning and can never do without the care of my parents and the guidance of my teachers. Although I think I have the ability to be independent, I still cannot fully rationally judge the multi-faceted nature of things. My knowledge, my experience, and my character have not yet reached the heights I imagined. I will continue to learn, and the pace of my thoughts will be accompanied by I grow up, and mistakes are inevitable during the growth process. I will analyze them carefully, improve myself through mistakes, and perfect myself.

To sum up, people will encounter many things in their life, and there will be troubles and joys in the process of growing up. The key is to know what you should do at which stage, and you cannot go beyond it or go backwards. Otherwise it is a mistake. For example, I couldn't fall in love when I was studying in middle school. Similarly, now in college, I won't do such childish things as changing my transcript. In any case, as a rational person, we should grow up in childishness, mature in frustration, and be self-disciplined in introspection.

Slowly perfect and improve yourself, use your strengths and avoid weaknesses, and make yourself a new person with morality, ideals, culture, and discipline, and become a qualified contemporary college student!