History of Black Water River

1. The origin of the Mok River

Today’s Mok River is the general name of the original “Huaishe” and “Mo” rivers.

Ancient Jimo (the ancient city is located southeast of today's Pingdu City) was named because the land is close to ink. After the Sui Dynasty rebuilt Jimo County at its present site, a small river flowing north-south from the foot of Sanlizhuang Ridge in the southeast of the current city was named "Mo" after the city.

The "Jimo County Chronicle" published by Tongzhi of the Qing Dynasty records that "the Black Water River originates from Malanling, flows west and turns north, and enters the Huaishe River." "The Huaishe River has one source in the northwest of Shicheng Mountain and flows through Tianjing Yang; one source has southwest of Lianhua Mountain and flows through Tianjing Yin to the southeast of the county where it joins. Huishihetou River flows into the sea from the southwest."

When the ancients praised Jimo's shape, they often called it "Laofeng" and "Mo" together, which caused the misunderstanding that "Huaishe" is "Mo". Nowadays, the two rivers are collectively called Mo River. 2. What are the characteristics of the Xiangshui River and the Black Water River

The Xiangshui River is located in Jingnei, Xueping Town, Nanzhang County, Xiangyang City. It is a 3A-level scenic spot. It has beautiful scenic spots such as the Flying Eagle Falls and the Colorful Waterfall. It is known as "Chutian Jiuzhaigou", "Xiaolu Mountain", Xiangshui River is famous for its unique topography and many strange caves, pictographic stones and rich wild animal and plant resources.

Today's Mohe River is the general name of the original "Huaishe" and "Mohe" rivers. Ancient Jimo (the ancient city is located in the southeast of today's Pingdu City) was named because of its proximity to ink. So far, there has been a rich history. After the Sui Dynasty rebuilt Jimo County at its present site, a small river flowing north-south from the foot of Sanlizhuang Ridge in the southeast of the current city was named "Mo" after the city. The "Jimo County Chronicle" published by Tongzhi of the Qing Dynasty records that "the Black Water River originates from Malanling, flows west and turns north, and enters the Huaishe River." "The Huaishe River originates from the northwest of Shicheng Mountain, flows through the Yang of Tianjing; the first origin flows from the southwest of Lianhua Mountain, flows through the Yin of Tianjing, and joins in the southeast of the county town. From Zhang Village to Huaishe Temple, Mo Lai meets, flows west and turns north, and then Huishihetou River flows into the sea from the southwest." When the ancients praised Jimo's shape, they often called it "Laofeng" and "Mo" together, which caused the misunderstanding that "Huaishe" is "Mo". Nowadays, the two rivers are collectively called Mo River. 3. The historical status of the ancient city of Jimo

During the Warring States Period, Jimo stood majestically in the east of Qi State, facing Linzi in the west, and boasted its prosperity.

The brilliant achievements of Jimo's doctors and the astonishing "Yi Ming" of King Qi Wei made Jimo's name famous all over the world; later, Tian Dan took advantage of this isolated city to skillfully use the Fire Ox Formation to defeat the Yan army, and again Further increasing the popularity of Jimo. Qin unified the world and implemented the "prefecture and county system", and Jimo was first designated as a county; however, this new thing seemed to be shaken a little in the chaos that followed the change of dynasties.

In the early Han Dynasty, Liu Xiongqu, the grandson of the great ancestor Liu Bang, was granted the title of "King of Jiaodong" here. Subsequently, Liu Che and Liu Ji, the sons of Emperor Jing Liu Qi, were also sent here.

Since then, six or seven princes from the descendants of the Liu family have enjoyed prosperity and wealth in the fiefdom of King Jiaodong, and their power has shrouded most of the Shandong Peninsula. Jimo County, which also serves as the "national capital", has also become the political, economic and cultural center of Jiaodong Kingdom.

Wang Mang was "new" for a while, and Jimo was renamed "Jishan", but this new name was soon banned with the collapse of the Xin Mang regime; of course, the old name "Jimo" also followed The throne of Liu was restored. Jimo has too many stories, too much accumulation, and too many burdens.

Even the name "Jimo" is fascinating. The locals of Jimo all call "Jimo" "Jimi" or "Jimei" (sound). Even friends from outside often deliberately learn to pronounce the words "Jimo" or "Jimei" to show their affection for Jimo. Familiar and approachable.

So, why did Jimo get its name? According to historical records: "The name of Jimo comes from water; the establishment of Jimo has a long history, and the analysis and dispersion have different generations; the mountains and the sea do not change its status quo." It turns out that the name of "Jimo", It first appeared in historical classics such as "Warring States Policy", "Guoyu", "Historical Records", etc. Because the old city (located in Dazhumao Village, Guyan Town, Pingdu City today, where Tian Dan broke Yan) was located near Mo (original from Pingchu) It was named after the ancient Mo Mountain (now Zhudong River) in the city.

Names after mountains and rivers are very common in Chinese toponymy, and Jimo is no exception. "Jie" means close to, close to; "Mo" means the Black Water River.

Different dynasties, the organization and jurisdiction have changed several times. During the Shang and Zhou dynasties, Jimo fell under the jurisdiction of Lai Yi. In 1046 BC, King Wu of Zhou Dynasty established a feudal state after destroying the Shang Dynasty. The western part of the city area was a fiefdom of the Yi Kingdom; in 722 BC, "Ji people conquered the Yi" (Ji Kingdom is located in the southeast of today's Shouguang City, and the ancient city of the Yi Kingdom is located in the ancient city of Lancun Town. village).

In 567 BC, after the Qi State destroyed the Lai State, the Qi official Zhu Mao built Jimo City. The city was located in Da Zhumao Village, Guyan Town, Pingdu City today. During the Warring States Period, the ancient city of Jimo was very prosperous and could be compared with Linzi, the capital of Qi State.

After Qin unified the world, he implemented the system of prefectures and counties and designated Jimo as a county. At that time, the Jiaodong Peninsula was Jiaodong County, and the center of the county was Jimo.

During the Western Han Dynasty, Jiaodong County was divided into Jiaodong Kingdom and Donglai County, and Jimo was under the management of Jiaodong Kingdom.

Jiaodong Kingdom consists of eight counties: Jimo, Changwu, Xiami, Zhuangwu, Yuzhi, Ting, Guanyang, and Zoulu. Jimo City is regarded as the "national capital" and naturally becomes the political, economic, and cultural center of Jiaodong Kingdom.

In the more than 700 years from the Qin and Han Dynasties to the Southern and Northern Dynasties, despite the constant changes in dynasties and wars, the organization of Jimo County has not changed. During the Song Dynasty of the Southern and Northern Dynasties, Zhuangwu County was abolished and merged into Jimo County.

At the end of the Southern and Northern Dynasties, a major historical change occurred in Jimo. In 556 AD, the county system of Jimo County and Buqi County was abolished and merged into Changguang County (today's Pingdu City).

Just 25 years later, the Sui Dynasty was established. In 596 AD, the county system was restored and rebuilt. The county territory of Jimo County included the former places of Zhuangwu, Gaoyu and Buqi counties, including the vast areas of Jimo City, Laoshan District, Chengyang District and the four districts of Qingdao City.

The ancients were very particular, painstaking, and far-sighted in choosing the county seat. The new city of Jimo County is located at the foot of Mengwang Mountain. The Huaishe River in the south of the city surrounds the ancient city in the shape of an ingot. The Mo River is the southern part of the old city. A small river originates from Malanling, north of Shipeng Reservoir, and flows from north to south into the Huaishe River. Later generations used to call the Huaishe River the Black Water River (officially named in 1986). The establishment of this county administrative region and county governance continued unchanged for more than a thousand years from the late Sui Dynasty to the late Qing Dynasty.

Jimo has undergone tremendous changes over the past century. In the late Qing Dynasty, Jimo experienced another major historical change. On November 14, 1897, Germany occupied the southern sea area and part of the land of Jimo County under the pretext of the Caozhou Mission Case. In 1898, it forced the Qing Dynasty to sign the "Jiao'ao Concession Treaty", which restricted the sea surface of Jiaozhou Bay and 100 miles around the tide level. The area with a total land and sea area of ??1128.25 square kilometers (including 551.75 square kilometers of land) is designated as the "Jiaoao Concession", which includes the area south of Baisha River in Jimo County (most of Renhua Township, Liren Township and part of Fuhai Township ).

Since then, Jimo lost her "Nanxiang" and also lost a place with the most development prospects, which later became the urban area of ??Qingdao City. In 1935, the Kuomintang added the eastern part of Laoshan Mountain, which was then part of Hairun Township, Jimo County, to Qingdao City.

Times change and the world changes. On May 26, 1949, the entire territory of Jimo was liberated.

Jimo County was placed under Qingdao City in October 1957. In 1961, the five communes of Chengyang, Jihongtan, Magezhuang, Hetao, and Yindao (now Hongdao) in Jimo County were placed under Laoshan County, forming the current urban realm.

In 1989, Jimo was removed from the county and established as a city, and Jimo City became a suburban city of Qingdao. In 596 AD, after the Sui Dynasty stabilized its political power, it began to enter a period of construction. Jimo County, which had been abolished by the previous dynasty, was restored and rebuilt.

The county seat has made great strides forward more than 40 kilometers from its original location to the southeast. The determination of the site of this new city must be the choice of a man with outstanding knowledge. Even from today's perspective, it is still a very good location: close to the mountains for grazing, close to the sea for fishing and salt, and thousands of hectares of fertile farmland to the west. The rivers are lingering, the water quality is excellent and the water source is abundant.

Since then, a new Jimo City has appeared here and started a new historical load. The long growth of the years records its experience. By 2096, it will be the anniversary of its 1,500-year-old vicissitudes. year. In November 1897, Jimo experienced another major historical change. The German invaders suddenly invaded Jiaozhou Bay with troops and occupied the southern sea area and part of the land of Jimo County. In March of the following year, they forced the Qing Dynasty to sign the "Jiaoao" According to the Concession Treaty, the land is designated as a "paradise" and enjoys various privileges; this "paradise" should be regarded as a "paradise". 4. How many years of history does Jimo have?

"Jimo" is an ancient place name on the Jiaodong Peninsula, which carries rich and heavy historical content.

The name "Jimo" first appeared in historical classics such as "Warring States Policy", "Guoyu", "Historical Records", etc., because the ancient city was located on the bank of the Mo River (today's Zhumao Village, Pingdu City). ) named after it, it belonged to the State of Qi during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. The Qin Dynasty established Jimo County, which belonged to Qi County.

During the Western Han Dynasty, Jimo County was also the capital of the Jiaodong Kingdom. During the Eastern Han and Jin Dynasties, it belonged to Qingzhou.

Laizhou belonged to the Sui, Tang, Ming and Qing dynasties. In 1943, Jidong and Jimo counties were divided. In April 1944, Jidong County was merged into Jimo County. In July 1945, Jidong County was restored.

In the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, it belonged to Jiaozhou Prefecture. In March 1956, Jidong County was merged into Jimo County and became part of Laiyang Prefecture.

In October 1958, it was changed to Qingdao City. In March 1961, it was changed to Yantai District.

In December 1978, it was changed to Qingdao City. In September 1989, the county was removed and a city was established. 5. Why is Jimo called Jimo

The word "Jimo" is the oldest among the many place names in Qingdao. However, where did the name Jimo come from? There has been a lot of controversy in modern times, and there are different opinions.

It is believed that Jimo was named because of the proximity of Zhumao Ancient City to the Black Water River during the Warring States Period, which has become the mainstream theory recognized by most historians. In fact, this theory lacks corresponding historical data.

The emergence of Jimo City was more than a thousand years earlier than the Warring States Period when Zhumao City was located.

During the Xia and Shang Dynasties, Jimo was the seat of one of the Eastern Yi kingdoms.

Jie Fang is also referred to as Zhu Fang in historical materials. There are many related inscriptions in oracle bone inscriptions: "Ding Wei Bu, Ke Zhen, Cai Jie, Kou Kou Kou Mu You." "Guichou Bu, Zhen, Hu Takeshiro Haku, Eleven Pengcai" and so on.

"Jie Di" records: "Jie Fang is also called Lone Bamboo, and its old place is from Haiyang to Bu Qi." Bu Qi is the old name of today's southern Jimo and the original Laoshan County.

"Emperor Century" said: "Tang Te granted the Motai clan to Guzhu." So the Motai clan (Mo clan for short) added the name of the country in front of it and became the Jie Mo clan.

This was around 1600 BC. By the way, the Motai clan is also an ancient clan living in Shandong Peninsula.

"History of the Road" says: "In the world of Yutai, Yi was granted the title Shaolie Mountain, which is called Motai." From the above historical materials, it can be seen that the Motai clan has had its name since the early Xia Dynasty.

The reason why he was granted the title by Yu was because he had some influence on his tribe when his father was "killed in Yushan" by Emperor Shun ("Shangshu·Yuxiashu" Yushan, today's Rushan). After that, he conquered Sanmiao from Yu and was granted a title for his merits. As for the late Xia Dynasty, Hou Jie (the last monarch of the Xia Dynasty, whose surname was Si and whose given name was Gui, Jie was the name given to him by Chengtang after the fall of the country, which means violent and immoral) lost his virtue, and Mo Tai helped others from Liaoxi Shang, who entered the Central Plains, conquered Xia and its vassal state Kunwu ("The Book of Songs: Song of Shang" "Wei Gu attacked, Kunwu and Xia Jie").

It also became the strategic rear of the Shang army's westward advance, and was quite important to Chengtang. After the establishment of the Shang Dynasty, Jiefang was granted to the Motai family, which became the Jiemo family, and later became Jimo.

The word "Jie Mo" still remains in the inscriptions on Qidao coins unearthed in Jimo. The inscription is "the legalization of Jie Mo" (now in the Jimo City Museum). Over thousands of years, things have changed, and the word Motai as a surname has evolved into Mo and Hei (see "The Origin of Surnames").

The ancestral shrine still existed during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. During the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, there was Moqiu Society in Fuhai Township among the twelve societies in Jimo's seven townships.

During the Tongzhi period of the Qing Dynasty, it evolved into the Maiqiu Society among the eleven societies in Fuhai Township (the two characters Mo and Mai have the same ancient pronunciation, both are Mo Beiqie, pronounced Ruomei. This is similar to our Qingdao dialect The pronunciation of "Mo" is the same).

Looking at the "Jimo Place Names" compiled after the founding of the People's Republic of China, we can find that Maigezhuang in Liujiazhuang Town is the location of the ancient Moqiu Society. But the explanation for its name is this: "Maigezhuang is named after the Maiqiu Society in ancient times.

The origin of the word 'Mai' is unknown." The reason for this is that the editor did not notice that "Maiqiu" "It evolved from "Mo Qiu".

Since the fall of the Shang Dynasty, Jimo has changed its ownership several times. From the beginning of the Zhou Dynasty, the Fang states of Buqi, Zai, Ji and other vassals destroyed all the Fang states on the peninsula at the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, and then made Jimo the capital. From then on, the history of Jimo as a Fang state ended.

Attachment: Also talk about the origin of the place name "Jimo" - and discuss with Mr. Liu Shangnan Sun Peng of the Jimo City Historical Records Office. On March 13 this year, "Peninsula Metropolis Daily" published an article by Mr. Liu Shangnan | "Jimo Traces" The article "Ancient" was recently reprinted by "Jimo Education". This article puts forward new insights into the origin of the place name "Jimo".

It is believed that "the mainstream theory recognized by most historians" is that "Zhu Mao's old city was named after its proximity to the Black Water River during the Warring States Period... lacks corresponding historical data basis." Therefore, he denied the above statement and put forward his own opinion: The origin of the name "Jimo" is because the king of Guzhu Kingdom, "Motai clan" (Mo clan for short) added the name of the feudal state in front of it and became the Jie Mo clan... Later generations "Educated as Jimo."

The author believes that this new formulation that denies the traditional statement lacks reliable historical data. I specially wrote this article to discuss with him and put things in perspective.

The main basis for Mr. Liu's new statement is that Jimo was named after Motai, the king of Guzhu. He also proposed that "Jiefang is also called Guzhu, and its old place is from Haiyang to Buqi." At the same time, it was explained: "If not, it was the old name of today's southern Jimo and the original Laoshan County."

In this way, Guzhu Kingdom and Jimo are combined. It is true that during the Shang and Zhou dynasties, there was the Guzhu Kingdom, whose king was the Motai clan.

However, this Lone Bamboo Country is not in the Shandong Peninsula and has nothing to do with Jimo. Where is Lone Bamboo Country? "Cihai" under the "Lone Bamboo" article says: "The name of the old country, according to legend, is the surname Jiang, and its monarch is Motai.

In the southeast of Lulong, Hebei today, it existed in the Shang, Western Zhou, Spring and Autumn Period. Boyi Shuqi was the two sons of Guzhujun in the late Shang and early Zhou dynasties. "

"Shui Jing Zhu" says: "Yuanshui passes from the southwest to the north of the ancient city of Guzhu, and the Guzhu Kingdom is now Zhili. Lulong's Baigou River"

"Kuo Di Zhi" records that "the ancient city of Guzhu is located twelve miles south of Lulong County, and it was also located in the Guzhu Kingdom of the Yin Dynasty." "Historical Records·Qi Family" records. "In the 23rd year, the mountain soldiers attacked Yan, and Yan turned to Qi. Duke Huan of Qi rescued Yan, so he attacked the mountain soldiers and returned to Lone Bamboo."

This is a battle in history. Shanrong State attacked Yan State, and Yan State asked for help from its ally Qi State. Duke Huan of Qi sent troops to attack Shanrong State. After attacking the territory of Guzhu State, he withdrew his troops and returned. At that time, Shanrong was located in the west of present-day Liaoning Province, and Guzhu was a vassal state of Shanrong during the Shang Dynasty. It bordered Shanrong in Lulong, present-day Hebei Province.

This war took place during King Hui of Zhou Dynasty (663 BC), when Jimo already belonged to Qi State.

When the Qi State wanted to go to the northwest of Liaoning to attack the Shanrong, no matter how stupid a military strategist was, they would not go directly north from Linzi and detour to Jimo, and then take the army from Jimo.

Therefore, the Guzhu Kingdom is not located in Jimo on the Shandong Peninsula, but in the eastern part of Hebei Province between the Yan Kingdom and Shanrong. The "Historical Atlas of China" compiled by contemporary Chinese historical geographer Professor Tan Qixiang, in the "Comprehensive Map of the Shang Dynasty" indicates the location of the Guzhu Kingdom on the west bank of the Bohai Sea and the north bank of the Luan River estuary, which is now Tangshan City, Hebei Province and Qinhuangdao City.

At the same time, it is marked that the Guzhu Kingdom belonged to Beiyan during the Spring and Autumn Period, and it belonged to Yan during the Warring States Period. The above-mentioned documents are enough to prove that the Guzhu Kingdom during the Shang and Zhou Dynasties was not located in Jimo.

In today’s Lulong, Hebei Province. Therefore, it is difficult to establish that Jimo was named after Mo Tai.

In addition, Liu Wen also cited the inscription "Jie Mo Zhi Hua" on the Jimo knife coin, which confirmed that Jimo was related to the Mo Tai family. In fact, this is far-fetched.

Xu Shen of the Han Dynasty said in "Shuowen Jiezi": "That is, food, from soap, that is, sound." It is also said: "Jie, bamboo covenant, from bamboo. 6. Jimo and Xin Which one in Thailand has a longer history? Xintai has a longer history. "Jimo" is an ancient place name on the Jiaodong Peninsula. It carries rich and heavy historical content.

"Jimo". The name first appeared in historical classics such as "Warring States Policy", "Guoyu", and "Historical Records". It was named because the ancient city was located on the bank of the Black Water River (today's Zhumao Village, Pingdu City). It belonged to Qi during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. Country. The Qin Dynasty established Jimo County and belonged to Xintai City, Qi County.

The tooth fossils of Wuzhutai Homo sapiens 30,000 to 50,000 years ago were unearthed here, proving that Xintai is an ancient Dongyi. The earliest civilized place in the region. The Dawenkou Culture, Longshan Culture and Yueshi Culture created by the Dongyi people have been found in Xintaidu.

Dongyi ancestors worshiped Mount Tai. The cultural activities of the later generations, as well as the enfeoffment of Taishan and the Zen of Liangfu, Yunyun, Tingting, etc., also deeply affected the establishment of Xintai in the Western Zhou Dynasty. It was recorded in "Zuo Shi Chun Qiu" that he was Xiu Muyi. Later, Xintai was deeply influenced by Confucius Zhusi's lectures, and also accepted the active Jixia academic style of neighboring Qi State. 7. The name of the city of Jimo City in Shandong Province is. How it came about

It was named because the city is located near the Mo River.

"Jimo" is named after the old city (located in Dazhumao Village, Guyan Town, Pingdu City) is located near the Mo River. Its name first appeared in historical classics such as "Warring States Policy", "Guoyu", and "Historical Records". During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, it was the Qi State's trade name. It was established as a county in the Qin Dynasty and became the political, economic and cultural center of Jiaodong in the early Han Dynasty. , the city was built on the current site in the Sui Dynasty and has a history of more than 1,400 years. In 1898, Germany forcibly rented Jiaozhou Bay and separated Qingdao from Jimo. In history, Jimo City was first established and then Qingdao City. Located in the southwest of China's Shandong Peninsula, it is a county-level city in Shandong Province. It is a provincial-level tourist resort. It is a national environmental protection model city, an outstanding tourist city in China, a national advanced city in science and technology, and a provincial-level civilized city. In 2015, it ranked 15th among the best county-level cities in mainland China by Forbes. No. 7 in the "Top Ten".