Transformation of coal bosses

It's a bit sweet to enter the "non-coal" industry.

Affected by the international financial crisis, the situation of energy industries such as coal coke has reversed from boiling point to freezing point, and local small and medium-sized coal mines in Shanxi Province have stopped production and sought to transform production. Some private entrepreneurs in the field of coal tar have opened new doors in agriculture, tourism services, finance, information and even high-tech industries, and tasted the sweetness of "anti-crisis" in non-coal industries.

Relying on contracted coal mines to invest in deep processing of agricultural products

At Mingxin Poultry Industry Co., Ltd. in Ansheng Village, Xi, Xiazha Township, xiaoyi city, hundreds of uniformed young workers are processing meat ducks on the assembly line. Hong Liang, the head of Xiazha Township, said that the factory has more than 600 employees, and the basic salary 1.300 yuan plus performance pay is considered a high salary in the local area.

Mingxin Company is the earliest enterprise in xiaoyi city to carry out large-scale and refined deep processing of coal tar, with rapid capital accumulation. "The original mode of high pollution and high energy consumption will certainly not last long. One day, resources will be exhausted, and there will be environmental protection and social pressure ..." Chairman Xue told me. In 2006, xiaoyi city issued a series of policies to encourage coal enterprises to change production, and Xue aimed at the deep processing of agricultural products. "The local corn is planted in large quantities and can be used as feed for dry ducks; There is a lot of land, and the conditions for developing breeding communities are good; The government also promised preferential conditions. "

In September, 2008, the first phase of the deep processing project of breeding ecological meat ducks with an investment of 2/|||| 0/10,000 yuan and an annual output of |||| 0/10,000 ducks was completed, and the fourth ecological meat duck breeding and processing base in China and the largest in Shanxi was built.

Xue said: "Coal mines, coal washing plants, coking plants, when the financial crisis came, were all reducing staff and wages, but our company has not only stopped reducing staff and wages, but also recruited people, which has also driven a large number of farmers and growers."

More than 654.38 billion yuan of private capital was injected into microfinance.

Some "coal bosses" advanced into automobile manufacturing and air transportation, occupying the high-end of the physical industry; Some have invested in cultural tourism and modern service industries to develop and build tourist attractions, which is very successful; Some invest in information industry; In the first half of this year, dozens of small loan companies have been established in Shanxi, and more than 654.38+0.5 billion yuan of private capital has been injected into the field of small loans. Among these microfinance companies queuing to enter the capital market, the capital invested by "coal bosses" accounts for the majority. What makes people sit up and take notice is that the "coal boss" who has always been considered to have a low cultural quality boldly set foot in high-tech industries. In Lvliang, Che Ankui spent 6.5438+million yuan to buy patents and invested more than 200 million yuan to build a new jujube processing plant to extract jujube essence; Zhang Jinzhong has 7 patents and invested tens of millions of yuan in the research and development of pollution-free processing and utilization of waste tires.

Lian Yimin, director of the Science and Technology Department of Shanxi Province, said that private entrepreneurs in the coal tar field have been coming to the hall to consult with the Association for Science and Technology and look for high-tech investment projects.

How difficult is it to enter the non-coal industry?

The road to transformation of "coal boss" is not smooth sailing. There are also many realistic thresholds and bottlenecks for "coal bosses" to enter the non-coal industry. It is necessary for the government to use fiscal, financial and industrial policies to guide and promote it. However, due to the limited quality and ability of "coal bosses", the market environment required for industrial transformation is not yet mature. Experts remind that the transformation should be gradual and follow the laws of market economy.

There are many obstacles and bottlenecks in the transformation.

There are about 300 billion in the hands of "coal bosses" all over Shanxi, but the domestic capital market is sluggish and the investment channels are narrow. Where the huge funds of "coal bosses" will be invested needs policy guidance.

"The main problem lies in management and the quality of the boss." A person in charge of the SME Bureau of xiaoyi city analyzed that "small coal mines have great profits, but they are extensive operations with low technical content; High-tech agriculture and service industry need both fine management and technical threshold; It is obviously risky for talents and management skills to keep up. "

Zhou Mingding, director of Shanxi Small and Medium Enterprises Bureau, said that private enterprise investment faces many constraints and bottlenecks, and land, capital, talents, management, technology and information are indispensable. The acquisition of these elements may be easier for state-owned enterprises, but the acquisition cost of private enterprises is still high.

At the same time, the cultural knowledge background and management quality possessed by the "coal boss" is also a "glass threshold". According to reports, most of the bosses of small coal enterprises in Shanxi Province have a low level of education, and quite a few have only junior high school education.

"Shanxi coal boss is a historical phenomenon and will fade out of the historical stage with the development of the times." Yuan, secretary of Shanxi Provincial Party Committee, said at the private enterprise forum of "New Shanxi Merchants, New Image and New Realm" that the long-term development direction of coal bosses must be transformed again.

Rushed too fast, and some enterprises turned around and died.

Long Yongtu, Secretary-General of Boao Forum for Asia, after inspecting the transformation of private enterprises in Shanxi, thinks that some places have proposed to speed up the enterprise transfer, and the central and western regions, including Shanxi, are also making intensive enterprise transfer. If we follow the laws of market economy, natural transfer is of course a good thing; If you rush too fast, some enterprises will die as soon as they turn around. Long Yongtu analyzed that because the whole enterprise has formed an industrial chain with the ecological environment developed by the surrounding enterprises, it cannot survive without that ecological environment. When our central and western regions have an environment that adapts to the development of enterprises, the transfer can be carried out on a large scale. Therefore, we suggest that we should proceed slowly and steadily, step by step, and act in accordance with the market economy.

Many experts also believe that it is not impossible for a "coal boss" to enter the high-tech industry, but it is more appropriate to be managed by a professional team. Shanxi Province has set up a science and technology venture capital guiding fund, with the provincial government and the China Development Bank each contributing 400 million yuan. There are different sub-funds under the fund, which can attract private capital to join. The transformation road of Shanxi's "coal boss" is, in a certain sense, the transformation road of resource-based economy and the "typical proposition" of China's resource-based economy. At the 2009 Shanxi Merchants Brand Culture Development Summit Forum held in Taiyuan, this proposition once again became a hot topic. Through in-depth interviews, it is found that the biggest problem restricting the transformation of "coal bosses" is "path dependence", which is becoming the "consensus" of people of insight from all walks of life.

Li Zhenxi, vice-president of Shanxi Coke Association, and others once pointed out that industrial path dependence is, in the final analysis, a solidified development thinking and a rigid industrial system often formed in resource areas. Over the years, Shanxi private coal coke enterprises have completed the original capital accumulation through coal production, transportation and coking chemicals, and also formed a deep dependence on the coal coke industry.

Jing of Shanxi University of Finance and Economics believes that the mining economy has a "locking effect" and a "sticky effect" due to large initial investment, special equipment and many intermediate products, which makes it difficult for the industry to withdraw and transform.

Experts have prescribed a prescription to overcome this path dependence, that is, "innovation, innovation, innovation and re-innovation".

Innovation includes many aspects, the first is the innovation of developing thinking, and the core is to cultivate entrepreneurship. The entrepreneurial spirit mentioned by Schumpeter, a famous western economist, is essentially innovation, daring to try and take risks, especially the innovation of management and management mode. With these innovations, we can open the floodgates of industrial progress and industrial transformation.

Secondly, financial innovation, the core of which is capital operation. The soul of modern industry is finance. Only by capitalizing resources and linking them with capital and property rights can we break the boundary between ownership and time and space, break the gap between industrial product forms and realize diversified and concurrent development.

The above innovation can not be separated from the government's institutional innovation. The government's innovation in property right system, factor supply system, supervision system and industrial policy is the external environment for the transformation and development of private economy.