The cultural composition of Lingnan culture

Modern Lingnan culture is deeply influenced by Hong Kong culture. The broad sense of Lingnan culture originally included the Hong Kong region. However, due to historical and political reasons, our concept of Lingnan culture has basically retreated to the Pearl River Basin and Hanjiang River Basin. Therefore, it is easier for Guangdong and Hong Kong to achieve cultural harmony and form isomorphism. Therefore, the modern examination of Lingnan culture cannot be separated from the understanding of Hong Kong. The rise of Hong Kong in the 1960s and 1970s made Hong Kong culture a high-status culture in the minds of Cantonese people who valued "reality". At the same time, the characteristics of Hong Kong's cultural character that highlight economics and focus on enjoyment have also deeply influenced Guangdong.

Macau has been a territory of China since ancient times and has an inseparable relationship with Lingnan culture. In the mid-16th century, the Portuguese occupied Macau in the form of lease. Under the influence of Western political and legal culture, Macau gradually It has formed its own unique cultural style and characteristics, that is, openness and diversity, combining Chinese and Western styles. Even so, Macao culture is still rooted in China, and the characteristics of Lingnan culture have been preserved and developed in Macao for a long time, and occupy a dominant position. At the same time, because Macao has long been an important bridge for cultural exchanges between China and the West, modern Western science and technology, religious art, values, etc. were introduced to Guangdong through Macao, and then spread to the mainland, making Lingnan culture "the first to gain popularity" and "create the trend" "Before", occupies an important position in the development of modern Chinese culture. Therefore, Lingnan culture and Macao culture after the mid-16th century promoted each other and interacted in both directions. The relationship between Macao and Lingnan culture is a typical case study of the transportation between China and the West and the process of human civilization since the 16th century, and deserves the attention of the academic community. Macao is not only an important base and source of China's reform movement and democratic revolution, but also a window and bridge for batches of people of insight to understand the world and go out to the world. The activities of cultural elites in Macao have greatly improved Macao’s cultural character catalyzes the growth of Macao’s patriotic and progressive culture. The two-way interactive relationship between Macao and Lingnan culture is once again reflected.

As the largest hometown of overseas Chinese in China, Guangdong has a long history of overseas Chinese and profound accumulation of overseas Chinese culture. There are many phenomena of feedback from overseas Chinese culture, such as Chaoshan Shantang, which is the result of feedback from overseas Chinese culture. He is also an important part of Lingnan culture. Overseas Chinese are a special group and an integral part of the Chinese nation. The fate of overseas Chinese is closely linked to the fate of China, and this connection is most prominently reflected in cultural ties. From "fallen leaves returning to their roots" to "falling down to take root", this is historical progress. However, for overseas Chinese, "putting down roots" does not mean cultural assimilation. In fact, their culture still maintains its national character, and Chinese culture is still the mother culture of overseas Chinese and the root of overseas Chinese. On the other hand, after overseas Chinese stayed overseas, they "intermarried" with the local culture, absorbed the beneficial results of local culture and Western culture, and showed strong contemporary and advanced nature. To build overseas Chinese culture, we must study the characteristics of overseas Chinese culture that are compatible with Chinese and Western cultures, find its core, and enrich and develop Lingnan culture. Lingnan architecture and its decoration are a unique branch of Chinese architecture. Over thousands of years, through the hard work of successive generations of architects, they have made full use of the natural resources of the South and combined with the life characteristics of the people in the South to form a unique style of architectural art. , occupying an important position in the forest of Chinese architecture. It is displayed on the land of southern China with its concise, simple, transparent and elegant style. It is mainly divided into Cantonese architecture, Chaoshan area architecture and Hakka architecture.

The characteristics of Lingnan architecture usually include: functional features of heat insulation, sunshade, and ventilation; the top of the building is often made into a multi-layer slope roof; the exterior facade colors are dark gray or light Mainly; and the use of square columns. The layout and decoration style of Lingnan buildings are very free and natural. Due to the mild climate, people's activity space moves outward. Therefore, open spaces such as terraces, corridors, and open halls are fully arranged. People move from the closed indoor environment to nature, forming the free and smooth decorative space of Lingnan architecture. , open characteristics. For example, the arcade on Beijing Road has the characteristics of Lingnan architecture. For details, see the entry: Lingnan Gardens.

Lingnan gardens mainly refer to Guangfu gardens in a narrow sense (Chaozhou gardens are another branch). As one of the three major schools of traditional Chinese gardening art, Lingnan Garden has a very important significance in the history of Chinese gardening, especially in the innovation and development of modern gardens. It plays a decisive role.

Lingnan has beautiful mountains and rivers, with green mountains and green seas, and the environment is unique. Lingnan people pursue a natural and artistic garden life, which gives birth to the unique style of Lingnan gardens: realistic and comprehensive, exquisite and beautiful.

In terms of architectural form, Lingnan gardens have relatively distinctive characteristics: first, they are light, transparent, simple, and small in size. Second, the decoration is exquisite and gorgeous, with extensive use of folk crafts such as wood carvings, brick carvings, ceramics, and gray sculptures. Doors, window panes, flower cover windows, etc. are all carefully carved, and then inlaid with tinted glass to make patterns. Under the influence, it is like pieces of exquisite and transparent woven cotton. Third, the layout form and local components are influenced by Western architectural culture. For example, in traditional Chinese architecture, Roman-style arched doors and windows and Baroque capitals are used, regular-shaped pools are built with strips of stone, and cast-iron flower racks are installed outside the hall, etc., all reflect The characteristics of Lingnan culture that are compatible with both Chinese and Western styles.

Lingnan gardens are mainly rooted in the folk. They do not have the conventional ancestral system of northern royal gardens, nor the rigorous rules and regulations of Jiangnan literati gardens. The landscape composition is appropriately handled according to the needs of life content, adapting to changes, and various facilities are realistic. Pay attention to effectiveness and obey people's wishes. The ancient garden craftsmen in Lingnan integrated multiple cultural categories, adapted the northern, Jiangnan, and foreign garden arts to their own ideas, changed their shapes, flexibly absorbed them, and displayed them freely, making the garden layout appear more casual and eclectic.

Lingnan garden culture has a culture that rises due to nature, and a culture that accumulates due to artificial factors. The former can be attributed to coastal culture and tropical culture, while the latter can be attributed to ancient Confucian culture, secular culture, and hedonistic culture. and business culture, open culture and inclusive culture, relegated culture and pragmatic culture. From nature to cultural aspects, such as the relationship between the high active surface and high column foundation of the building and waterlogging and moisture, the relationship between the gentle roof and the typhoon, the relationship between the wide verandah and the rain, the relationship between the high wall alley and the high temperature, The relationship between dragon-shaped, fish-shaped, aquatic plants, turtles, snakes, plantain themes and decoration, the relationship between plastic drum stones and sea bananas, the relationship between cliffs, waterfalls and pools and natural landscapes, etc. can be used to imitate the scenery of natural objects. , if there are any disadvantages or harmful effects, we should do everything possible to avoid them through design or turn them into advantages.

Yuan Confucian culture is the most incisive interpretation of Lingnan garden culture by Lingnan scholars. If the Confucianism of Jiangnan gardens and northern gardens is stronger, the Confucianism of Lingnan gardens is very weak. The disobedience and rebellion of Lingnan people away from the political center is reflected in the irregularity of the beams in classical garden buildings and the lack of attention to the literary and literary plaques in modern gardens. In addition, the traditions of the barbarian tribes who have long been in southern Xinjiang have created the Wu family culture, which is reflected in the gardens of the Qing Dynasty. The form of watchtowers and the "fat" facades and simple thick columns of modern gardens. In terms of taste, far-confucianism can be said to be vulgar, that is, secular culture. It is the mainstream of Lingnan culture. Especially after the late Qing Dynasty, politicians and bureaucrats in the north, literati and poets in Jiangnan, and wealthy merchants in Lingnan became the main creative subjects of the three major regional gardens. , the practicality of space and the integrated design of garden and house in Lingnan gardens are its manifestations.

The openness, compatibility and diversity of Lingnan gardens were first reflected in the comprehensive absorption of Central Plains garden culture by the royal gardens of the South Vietnam Kingdom. By the Qing Dynasty, a large number of colored glass was used in classical gardens, forming a connection with Jiangnan and Jiangnan gardens. The two places in the north are completely different. In addition, there are Western European garden architecture such as Chen Jitang Mansion and Xie Weili's Liyuan Garden, Russian garden architecture in Longyan Zhongshan Park, Western planning layouts of Caonuan Park and Yuntai Park, and a large number of Manchurian elements in classical gardens. Windows are open and compatible with expression. For details, see the entry: Lingnan School of Painting.

The Lingnan School of Painting is one of the most distinctive outstanding cultures of the motherland. It, together with Cantonese opera and Cantonese music, is known as the "Three Shows of Guangfu" and is a revolutionary school in traditional Chinese painting. The Lingnan School of Painting first emerged from Guangdong at the beginning of this century. Represented by the Three Lingnan Masters, it is an influential art at home and abroad that advocates absorbing the advantages of ancient and modern Chinese and foreign painting arts, especially Western painting art, to transform traditional Chinese painting and develop it in the direction of modernization, nationalization and popularization, and to improve the effectiveness of aesthetic education. school. Its form of expression is an eclectic mix of East and West, integrating ancient and modern times; the ultimate goal is to "transform the soul of the country" through the cultivation of artistic beauty. The opera types in Guangdong include Cantonese opera, Teochew opera, Guangdong Han opera, tea-picking opera, Lei opera, Qiong opera (also known as Qiongzhou opera, Hainan opera), etc. Cantonese opera, Teochew opera and Guangdong Han opera are the most popular, influential and have the largest audience.

Music: Guangdong music, Guangdong Han music, Chaozhou music, Hakka folk songs, and Guangdong folk handicrafts in various varieties. Artists of all generations have inherited the original art of the ancient Yue people in Lingnan, and have continued to make progress and strive for innovation, resulting in a unique style in southern my country. The arts and crafts are more exquisite and practical. Guangzhou's three carvings, one color and one embroidery (ivory carving, jade carving, wood carving, Guangcai, Guangzhou embroidery), Guangdong embroidery (Guangzhou embroidery and Chaozhou embroidery), Zengcheng olive carving, Chaoshan wood carving, Chaoshan ceramics, Chaoshan paper-cutting, Chaoshan inlaid porcelain, Shiwan craft ceramics, Foshan paper-cutting, Foshan autumn colors, Chaoshan drawn yarn, Fengxi porcelain carvings, Zhaoqing Duan inkstones, Xinhui sunflower art, Gaozhou corner carvings, Dongguan fireworks and Zhaoqing straw mats, Yangjiang kites, Foshan lion dance, Lingnan bonsai, Guangzhou redwood Furniture, Chaozhou gongs and drums, wheat straw stickers and other traditional handicrafts are all dazzling and well-known. The products are exported to all over the world. They are also high-quality tourist and shopping handicrafts and are deeply loved by people.

Golden lacquer wood carving, jade carving and ivory carving

Golden lacquer wood carving is a form of wood carving art. It is based on wood carving and painted with gold. It has gradually formed a pattern since the Ming Dynasty. In the early Ming Dynasty, most of the wood carvings were flat carvings, but during the Wanli period, they began to develop into single-layer carvings. The Qing Dynasty was the heyday of the development of this art form. Many dignitaries had a special liking for "glorious splendor". Therefore, the ancestral halls and mansions built were all decorated with gold lacquer and wood carvings. The earliest examples of extant gold-lacquered wood carvings include the niche table in the main hall of Kaiyuan Temple and the Thousand-Buddha Pagoda with round carvings and gold. The more complete buildings include the "Jilue Huang Gong Temple" in Chaoshan during the late Qing Dynasty. Chaoshan gold lacquer wood carvings mostly use camphor wood or fir as the basic raw materials, with raw lacquer and gold foil added. The carving forms include relief, three-dimensional carving and through carving.

Jade carving uses jade as the working material. Guangzhou jade carvings draw on northern techniques and incorporate the southern style of smooth lines and delicate shapes. Guangzhou jade carving craftsmanship was formed in the middle and late Tang Dynasty. It inherited the tradition of cleverly colored jade from the Song Dynasty and created the special "color retention" technique to show the natural color of the original jade. Its jade carving crafts are mainly divided into two categories: jade jewelry and jade carving ornaments.

Ivory carving technology began in the Jin Dynasty and has a history of more than 2,000 years.

Ivory carving refers to the carving process and its finished products using ivory as material. Guangzhou's ivory carvings are rich in variety and color, with heavy carving skills and exquisite carving techniques. They have excellent traditional styles and distinctive local characteristics. They are good at hollowing out, openwork and other forms of expression. The carving techniques are world-famous. In the long-term craft practice Gradually, a complete set of exquisite carving techniques was formed, which is unique among ivory carvings. Guangzhou's ivory carvings are slender, exquisite, and exquisitely carved. They pay attention to the bleaching of tooth materials and color decoration, emphasizing both elegance and vulgarity. The works are distinguished by their lustrous dentition and fine carvings. The overall layout is complex and lively, leaving no blank space. Ivory carvings and various other materials such as rosewood, rhinoceros horn, tortoise shell, green feather, etc. are skillfully inlaid on one vessel, making the pattern more layered. At the same time, the knife skills are sharp and sharp, gorgeous and beautiful.

Lingnan bonsai

Lingnan bonsai, also known as Guangdong bonsai, is one of the five major schools of bonsai art in my country (Su, Yang, Sichuan, Hui, and Lingnan). Lingnan bonsai is a "living Chinese painting" "Good reputation. Due to Guangdong's superior natural environment, it can provide many tree species for bonsai. Therefore, Lingnan bonsai is more popular with tree stump bonsai. The bonsai art of Lingnan bonsai also has a history of nearly a thousand years. According to historical records, when Zhezong of the Song Dynasty was in power, Su Dongpo was demoted to Guangdong. As soon as he arrived in Huizhou, he wrote a poem praising "every household in Lingnan is full of spring scenery". By the Qing Dynasty, bonsai art had become popular among the people. "Qiongzhou Prefecture Chronicle" records: "Jiuli incense is woody, has a strong fragrance, and is difficult to grow. Choose the shortest one and make it into an ancient tree. The branches are bent and made into a basin. Some of them have a lifespan of hundreds of years."

However, the development of Lingnan bonsai and the formation of its artistic style only happened after the 1930s. After the founding of New China, the party and government attached great importance to the development of bonsai art. Provincial and municipal gardening departments successively established bonsai associations and opened Xiyuan on the west side of Liuhua Lake in Guangzhou as the Lingnan bonsai art research center, with Kong Taichu serving as technical guidance. , integrating the advantages of the three artistic schools of Lingnan bonsai and integrating them into one, taking advantage of the materials and trends, and selecting the scenery according to the trees. For decades, Mr. Kong Taichu has summed up a set of experiences to develop Lingnan art, thus enriching the style of Lingnan bonsai and making the artistic shapes of Lingnan bonsai colorful. Chronicles of Western Guangdong

Dongguan Baizi Papers

Dongguan Muyu Song

Dongguan Puppet Show

Gaozhou Puppet Show

Dongguan Lion Dance Art

Dongguan Selling Body Festival

Dongguan Mid-Autumn Lantern Festival

Dongguan Double Ninth Festival Climbing

China Tourism Art Festival and Guangdong Happy Festival (Guangdong Folk Art Festival, Guangdong Tourism Festival, China Tourism Art Festival)

Guangzhou Spring Festival Flower Market

Colorful New Year celebrations in Guangzhou Grand Parade (New Year's Day Float Parade)

Guangzhou International Food Festival

Polo Dancing (South China Sea God's Birthday)

Chaoshanying Laoye

Guangdong Dragon Boat Festival

Chaoshan Burning Tower

Chaoshan Garden

Shawan Colorful

Panyu Water Color

Chenghai Big Pig Competition

Chenghai Salt Stove Drag God Doll

Foshan Autumn Colors

Lychee Festival (Shenzhen, Maoming, Zengcheng, Conghua, Dongguan and other places)

Meizhou International Folk Song Festival

Shantou Spring Festival Gala

Yangjiang Kite Festival

Yangcheng Lotus Festival

Guangzhou Chrysanthemum Exhibition (Spring Chrysanthemum Exhibition, Autumn Chrysanthemum Exhibition)

Guangzhou Lantern Festival

Guangzhou Mid-Autumn Lantern Festival

Guangdong Liannan Panwang Festival (Shuugetang Festival)

Xian Tai’s Birthday

Guangzhou Zhucun Qiqiao Festival (Seventh Sister’s Birthday)

The religion of the Holy Ghost Festival is an important part of Lingnan culture. Lingnan has had the spread of Buddhism, Taoism, Islam, Catholicism and Christianity in its history, and it occupies an important position in the history of Chinese religions. Lingnan is the first stop for foreign religions to be introduced into China, and it is also an important bridge for religious and cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries. In a relatively long historical period, the Lingnan region became one of the regions with the strongest foreign religious forces in the country.

Religions in Guangdong include Buddhism, Taoism, Islam, Catholicism and Christianity. In addition to China's native Taoism being introduced into Guangdong from north to south, Buddhism, Islam, Catholicism, and Christianity were all introduced into China via Guangdong by sea. In the second year of Wu Wufeng's reign in the Three Kingdoms (225), Qiang Liang, a native of the Western Regions, translated the Lotus Samadhi Sutra in Guangzhou, which is the earliest known record of the introduction of Buddhist scriptures to Guangdong. In the first year of Guangxi of the Western Jin Dynasty (306), Taoist theorist Ge Hongnan came to Guangzhou to engage in Taoist research and practice. Taoism spread continuously in Lingnan. Islam during the Tang and Song Dynasties was mainly spread among foreign expatriates living in Guangzhou. After the Yuan Dynasty, Muslims from northern provinces went south to Guangdong in large numbers, and thus evolved into the traditional religion of the Hui people in Lingnan. When Catholicism and Christianity were introduced to Guangdong in the late Ming and Qing dynasties, they were repeatedly banned because of the contradictions between the religious culture they advocated and traditional Chinese culture. In the 24th year of Daoguang reign of the Qing Dynasty (1844), the governor of Guangdong and Guangxi petitioned the Qing court With permission, the two religions took the lead in conducting missionary activities in Guangdong. Afterwards, the missionary activities of the two religions advanced to the hinterland relying on Guangdong.

Guangzhou has been an important foreign trading port in China since ancient times. With the frequent exchanges of economic activities between China and foreign countries, foreign culture, including religion, was the first to enter Lingnan and spread throughout the country.

Therefore, the Lingnan region has played a very important role in the spread of foreign religions in China and is an important bridge for religious and cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries.

Lingnan business culture is one of the main sources of modern Chinese business culture. It is rich in the characteristics of maritime culture, advocating business and profit, taking risks and enterprising, and pioneering internally and externally. An important reason for the internal radiation of modern Lingnan business culture lies in the strength of Cantonese businessmen. The "South China Consortium" with Guangdong and Hong Kong Chinese finance as its core has strong financial resources. The activities organized by foreign Cantonese business associations are quite powerful, whether it is for advanced Whether it is the metropolis Shanghai or ordinary cities in the mainland, it has a broad and far-reaching influence. This is mainly reflected in: leading new trends, pioneering trends, emphasizing the patriotic concept of "saving the country through industry", and establishing a large number of enterprises that have become a symbol of the economic strength of local Guangdong businessmen; having close relations with democratic revolutionaries such as Sun Yat-sen, and being a member of the modern bourgeoisie One of the most important forces in the nationalist movement; highly adaptable, integrated and rooted in various places. The various enterprises created, the various talents cultivated, the new social customs, etc. have enriched the cultural connotation of the place and promoted the The process of China's modernization has also left behind precious wealth of material and spiritual civilization; Hong Kong and Macao are bridges for cultural exchanges between China and the West in modern times, and have played a prominent role in the activities of overseas Chinese, overseas immigration, and Sino-foreign trade. Main entries: Cantonese cuisine, Hakka cuisine, Guangzhou cuisine, Chaozhou cuisine, Dongjiang cuisine

Lingnan food culture is an eye-catching flower in the garden of Lingnan culture. It was nurtured and cultivated by Lingnan's unique geographical and climatic environment, and was nourished by Chinese and foreign food culture nutrients. It was formed with the development of Lingnan's socio-economic culture and has strong local characteristics. Since ancient times, some foreigners who came to Lingnan as officials have become interested in Lingnan's unique eating habits. They can be found in the "Lingbiao Luyi" written by Liu Xun, Sima Liu Xun of Guangzhou during the reign of Emperor Zhaozong of the Tang Dynasty, Han Yu who was demoted to Lingnan, and the poems and essays of Su Dongpo, etc. It is recorded. After entering the Qing Dynasty, descriptions of this aspect can be seen in more works, such as Qu Dajun's "New Accounts of Guangdong", Fan Duan'ang's "Seeing and Seeing in Central Guangdong", Zhang Qu's "Records of Seeing and Seeing in Eastern Guangdong", Weng Huidong's "Chaozhou Tea Classic" ", etc., are all important materials of Lingnan food culture.

Lingnan is backed by the Five Ridges and faces the South China Sea. It has high mountains and 3,368 kilometers of coastline, as well as the vast water network of the Pearl River Delta and Hanjiang Delta. Therefore, the climate is mild and the sunshine hours are long. It is long and has abundant rainfall, which is very conducive to the development of agriculture and breeding. Lingnan is an area that can be hunted, farmed, and fished. It is rich in products, including delicacies, seafood, grains, vegetables, fruits and other food materials, which provide a rich material foundation for the development of Lingnan food culture. Lingnan food culture emerged and developed from the integration of Lingnan’s agricultural culture and marine culture.

Tea-drinking culture

"Drinking tea" is called "drinking tea" in Cantonese dialect. Guangzhou people love "drinking tea". Tea culture is both folk culture and food culture. . It is said that when Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty went to Guangzhou from the south of the Yangtze River, he went to a teahouse to drink morning tea with his personal guards. Mao Zedong's poem "Drinking tea across the Guangdong Sea will never be forgotten". In Guangzhou, it has become a kind of etiquette for people to treat each other with tea. When a guest arrives, the first thing he does is offer him a cup of "good tea", and the first sentence is "Please drink tea" to express the host's enthusiasm. , friendly and polite. Since Lingnan has a "business-oriented" value orientation since ancient times, "tea drinking" has also moved from families to the market, making Guangzhou's tea culture integrate ornamental value, experience value, service value and commodity value. In a certain sense, drinking tea has transcended the category of simple "tea" and has become a way of social communication. Drinking tea constitutes a distinctive feature of Lingnan culture that distinguishes it from other cultures.

Chaozhou Gongfu Tea: "A Grand View of Unofficial History of the Qing Dynasty: Narratives of the Qing Dynasty" states: "China pays great attention to cooking tea, with Gongfu tea from Ting, Zhang and Quanfu in Fujian and Chaozhou Prefecture in Guangdong being the most popular." Entries: Cantonese, Hakka, Teochew

Cantonese is the fifth largest language in Australia. Cantonese enjoys official language status in Hong Kong and Macau. Cantonese is officially defined as a language by the United Nations, and there is a saying that Cantonese is recognized as one of the five major languages ??used in daily life (Leading Languages ??in daily use). Guangdong is the core area of ??Lingnan culture and the largest hometown of overseas Chinese in China. It is a typical representative of Chinese overseas Chinese culture. Overseas Chinese culture is an important part of Lingnan culture. Lingnan culture is a traditional subject field in Guangdong with rich research results; overseas Chinese culture is a new research field that started in the 1980s and has developed rapidly. On November 24, 2006, the Guangdong Province Overseas Chinese Culture Research Base was established at Wuyi University. It is the only overseas Chinese culture research base in Guangdong Province.

Overseas Chinese culture is a cultural section within the large scope of Lingnan culture, and it can produce many research sections. There is an intertwined relationship between overseas Chinese culture and Lingnan culture. It is a very distinctive part of Lingnan culture and will form a complementary pattern with Lingnan culture.

The compatibility of the old and the new is a characteristic of Lingnan culture—it is both the guardian of the old culture and the pioneer of the new culture. The culture of overseas Chinese has this characteristic. It not only introduces Western culture, but also adheres to traditional culture. The incompatibility of the old and the new has always been a misunderstanding with great influence. Therefore, how to develop new culture and how to preserve traditional culture is an aspect worth studying in the culture of overseas Chinese.

The overseas Chinese culture in Guangdong most typically represents the essential characteristics of overseas Chinese culture: the essence of overseas Chinese history and culture is not just a "history of suffering, entrepreneurship, and patriotism", but more importantly, it is The characteristic of carrying out cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries is the root and source of life for the sustainable development of overseas Chinese culture and its research. The overseas Chinese culture in Wuyi and Guangfu hometowns is a typical representative of this essential feature and occupies an irreplaceable position in the history of overseas Chinese in China. The culture of overseas Chinese in Guangdong is a kind of active openness, learning and acceptance. "Overseas Chinese" does not worship foreigners and is not completely Westernized; "hometown" is not pedantic or stubborn, highlighting the historical heritage and national characteristics of the culture of overseas Chinese hometowns. Therefore, it is unique in the field of Chinese overseas Chinese culture research.

The contribution of overseas Chinese culture to Lingnan cultural character: pioneering, openness, inclusiveness, initiative, self-confidence, and innovation.