About tourism papers, 200 words are urgently needed for 4000 words.

How to Explore the Development of Folklore from a New Angle

First, how to understand folk tourism

(A) the scope of folk tourism

Folk tourism is a hot spot today. As an intangible cultural resource, its representative value shows great attraction. Folk tourism can combine natural culture, social life, viewing experience, tradition and modernity, and reflect the rich cultural heritage and colorful life interest in folk areas. "Folk tourism" is a kind of advanced cultural tourism, which takes the folk events and activities of a country or a nation as tourism resources, has distinct nationality and uniqueness in content and form, and psychologically satisfies tourists' needs and desires for novelty and knowledge. There are different opinions on the category of folk tourism in academic circles, and whether the palace culture in the upper culture (such as religious historical sites and Buddhist temple landscape) is included in folk tourism resources (mostly from the lower folk culture) needs further study. With the migration of the times, upper-class religious ceremonies have become local folk cultural traditions, and the so-called "sacredness" has increased the tone and content of folk customs. It is feasible and reasonable to classify the above into the category of folk tourism: it conforms to the essence of the times and retains the original upper culture in history; Enrich the connotation of tourism culture and conform to the development trend of folk tourism; * * * Participate in understanding and promote the profoundness of Chinese culture.

Classification of "Tourism Folklore"

"Tourism folklore" is a broad concept, and the classification results will be different with different standards and angles. Generally speaking, classification should be positioned from both macro and micro perspectives.

1. From a macro point of view, tourism folklore can be divided into different types according to the nature of folklore and the product level involved. Zhou Xiao believes that tourism folklore can be divided into four types: material, social, oral language and belief. According to the product level, tourism folklore can be divided into three types: static display, dynamic performance and interactive participation. In addition, according to the existing forms and manifestations of folklore tourism resources, Xie Ke can divide tourism folklore into three forms: material folklore tourism resources (including production folklore, consumption folklore and circulation folklore), social folklore tourism resources (family folklore, village folklore, folk organization folklore, etiquette folklore, festival folklore) and spiritual folklore tourism resources (belief and sacrifice folklore, oral language folklore, folk art folklore, folk games and entertainment folklore). When talking about folk tourism, Pakistan divides folk tourism into leisure tourism, participation tourism, investigation tourism and entertainment tourism according to tourists' behavioral motives.

2. From the microscopic point of view, the classification of tourism folklore can be based on local specific conditions, not just a format. For example, Dali tourism folk customs mainly include costumes, handicrafts, songs and dances, festivals, religious beliefs, etc. Another example is the Tuwa tourism folklore in Kanas Lake Scenic Area, which includes three categories: material folklore culture, conscious folklore culture and social folklore culture, 1 1 subclass, and 4 1 subclass. According to the survey, Tuwa people's culture has its own characteristics in animal husbandry, farming, clothing, diet, residence, social culture, transportation, marriage, birthday, funeral, traditional festivals, modern festivals, village folk customs, competitive folk customs, craft folk customs, nature worship, life taboos, religious beliefs and so on.

Second, the research content of folk tourism (value system research)

I searched nearly 10,000 papers on folk tourism through Wanfang Database, google Academic Search Engine and China Journal Network. Coupled with the papers assigned by the tutor, I found that the research on folk tourism has been repeatedly discussed within such a scope, and it is also deepening and broadening. The research content of folk tourism mostly focuses on the concept, characteristics and classification of folk tourism; Research on the planning, development and development mode of folk tourism: the cultural aspect of folk tourism; Research on the sustainable development of folk tourism: research on regional tourism development; Research on the relationship between folk tourism and market and economy: research on the problems and countermeasures in the development of folk tourism: comparative study of Chinese and foreign folk tourism, etc. There are many papers discussing this kind of problem, but there are few articles from the perspective of the value of folk tourism itself. Throughout the research content of folk tourism, its essence mainly discusses the value system of folk tourism, mainly including the following aspects:

cultural values

1. Cultural disharmony: Tourism is usually called "smokeless" industry. However, in the projects it develops, the damage it causes to the tourism resources and environment on which it depends is no less than the damage to the ecological environment by industry to some extent. Paying too much attention to the form of folk culture often leads to the loss of the spiritual core of folk culture and the emergence of a large number of pseudo-folk customs, which destroys the harmony of folk culture in tourist destinations, promotes the rapid convergence of folk culture in tourist destinations and foreign cultures, and makes the characteristics of folk culture disappear day by day. Folk tourism is a form of tourism developed on the rich soil of folk culture, which should be conducive to the inheritance of folk culture. However, in many places, the development of tourism has hurt folk culture, leading to a mere formality of national customs, a decline in the artistic value of handicrafts and a gradual loss of cultural diversity. Sun Tiansheng believes that the main reason is the utilitarianism of developers and tourists. Therefore, while emphasizing the responsibility of folk tourism for cultural protection, we should not forget its significance for cultural inheritance while exerting its economic function. Tian Maojun reflected on folk tourism culture from two angles: "the relationship between the protection and development of national culture has not been scientifically handled" and "the main problems of the protection and development of folk culture have not been recognized". Zhou Xiao (2002) also introduced the concepts of "cultural colonization".

In addition, some scholars believe that the obvious feature of China's contemporary cultural change is the polarized development of material life customs, social life customs and belief life customs, that is, on the one hand, it pursues consumption and enjoyment beyond time and space and national conditions in material life style, and even abuses foreign cultural models, or mistakenly introduces western culture to fill the gap of contempt for traditional life style, on the other hand, it completely restores the old patriarchal manners and customs in family customs, life etiquette and belief behaviors and concepts. In addition, at present, customs are marked with "fashion", so it is the main task of folklore scholars to study the formation of fashion, a convergent behavior pattern and the constant replacement of fashion.

2. Coordinated development of culture: The cultural conflict that seems to be an economic problem in the development of folk tourism is actually a manifestation of deep-seated cultural conflict. Therefore, in the practice of tourism development, we should not only make a technical and economic demonstration of tourism development in a region, but also find a balance in cultural conflicts and cultivate the concept of cultural reconciliation. Tao Li believes that its coordination contents should include the coordination of cultural differences and cultural identity of folk tourists, the coordination of the essence of folk tourism and the form of folk tourism products, the autonomy and interaction of national cultural inheritance and development in folk tourism, the cultural mentality of residents in the reception area in folk tourism, the openness and restriction of folk tourism, and the coordination of culture and ecological economy in folk tourism. When discussing Guangxi folk culture, Wu also involved the coordination thought of "paying equal attention to overall cultural development and local cultural construction". Cahal-Woolf put forward the idea of strengthening regional cooperation, promoting together, and establishing and perfecting Xinjiang Golden Tourism Corridor as soon as possible.

In fact, the core issue of current cultural coordination is the coordination of authenticity and commodity of folk tourism. In fact, the authenticity and commercialization of folk tourism are not absolutely opposite. For example, the development of folk tourism is driven by tourism, and commercialization is inevitable. We should seek the internal tension between authenticity and commercialization in order to realize the sustainability of tourism development. At the same time, the key to disharmony lies not in the commercialization of folk tourism itself, but in the superficial understanding and low-level application of commercialization. The "authenticity" in folk tourism focuses on the "authenticity" of tourists' experience, and provides tourists with opportunities to experience folk culture through market operation. Therefore, folk tourism is a kind of high-level cultural tourism, with economic "shell" and cultural "connotation". Therefore, the development of folk tourism should not only follow the economic laws, but also follow the cultural laws. Regardless of cultural connotation, it is actually against the principle of commercialization, which is unsustainable development and impossible to obtain long-term economic benefits. At the same time, it is not a bad thing to grasp the "degree" of commercialization in tourism development and not put the economic benefits of tourism in a high position. On the contrary, commercialization can effectively spread and promote folk culture, and tourism will also become the messenger of folk culture communication. Therefore, only in line with the balanced development of tourism authenticity and commodity can large-scale cultural coordination be truly realized.

Economic values

As an important part of cultural tourism, folk tourism has achieved remarkable economic benefits:

1. Dominant effect: With its unique charm, folk tourism has great advantages in attracting tourists and increasing the number of tourists.

2. Recessive effect: It takes time to test. Folk tourism is an important way to obtain information. At the same time, folk tourism has also expanded the local popularity, which not only brought direct economic benefits, but also attracted many investors to promote and serve the local economic construction.

Yin Qun pointed out that the marginal utility of folk tourism demand is decreasing from supply and demand, so it is necessary to prevent the generalization of folk tourism in the development, and at the same time pay attention to the nationality and folk nature of folk tourism supply. In addition, the author also analyzes the consumption utility of folk tourism. Chen Jianshe pointed out that folk tourism can bring economic income to folk areas, which is actually an economic incentive to help the poor, make full use of resources and protect resources and culture. At the same time, he put forward suggestions to improve the original economic incentives by expanding the market and increasing income, establishing a reasonable economic compensation mechanism and combining various incentives. In the empirical research paper, Zhang and others take Tuwa folk tourism as the research object, and based on the externality theory, discuss the external diseconomy caused by Tuwa folk tourism development, and put forward some suggestions to eliminate the external diseconomy of Tuwa folk tourism development.

Social values

Folk tourism is a kind of characteristic tourism developed in recent years. Its uniqueness and vividness make it full of business opportunities. Of course, as a profile of the whole society, we can't ignore its social value. Peng Yi believes that folk tourism can provide opportunities and conditions for promoting national culture, promoting the protection of ecological environment, cultural relics and historic sites, beautifying urban and rural areas and promoting the development of national economy. In addition, with the proposal of sustainable development, the issue of "social control" has also become a hot spot, and folk tourism has promoted the economic growth of tourist destinations. When the economic resources and other factors in economically backward areas are insufficient to support their forward development, external political institutions and economic groups intervene as "investors" or "poverty alleviation" and become the makers and operators of tourism strategies. As we all know, investors are often concerned about the recovery of their funds and income. This kind of thinking can easily lead to short-sighted behavior in the development of folk tourism, in order to maximize economic benefits, at the expense of destroying local natural and cultural ecology. Therefore, in the principle of developing and protecting local folk tourism, local governments need to resume their active and firm positions and plan for the sustainable utilization and development of resources.

Third, the research methods of folk tourism

Folk tourism is a new tourism theme, and its rise has attracted the attention of many academic researches, as well as research methods. A large number of research methods followed, and they were analyzed and summarized from different angles. Specifically, the research methods of folk tourism can be divided into the following four categories: general analysis, interdisciplinary analysis, overall part analysis and cross-regional analysis.

(A) General analysis methods

This paper puts forward the methods of investigation, comparison, synthesis, image positioning and market prediction from the perspective of folk tourism resources development and market development. Hu Haisheng concretized these five aspects: investigation method-investigation of folk tourism resources, market and development process; Comparison method-the same and different comparison method; Comprehensive method-the comprehensive use of various methods to evaluate tourism resources (classification method, analytic hierarchy process, fuzzy mathematics method) and the comprehensive development of folk tourist attractions (comprehensive development in scenic spots, the combination of folk customs with natural scenery and cultural relics, and the combination of points, lines and areas); Image positioning method: leading positioning, comparative positioning, reverse positioning, gap positioning and repositioning; Market forecasting methods: qualitative (analogy forecasting method, set opinion forecasting method) and quantitative (time series forecasting method, regression analysis forecasting method, trial marketing method).

Interdisciplinary analysis

The study of folk tourism is related to the study of related disciplines, including sociology, philosophy, psychology, anthropology, economics, management, statistics, demography, ecology and so on. Only by analogy or comparison can we find out the characteristics of folk tourism. There are not many papers on folk tourism using interdisciplinary research methods, but some people have made innovations. For example, Zhou Xiao systematically expounded the concept system and types of folk tourism as well as its essence and characteristics from the perspective of anthropology, and briefly analyzed the social and cultural impact of folk tourism from the aspects of cultural change, organizational reconstruction, role identification and social control. Another example is Liu Xiaochun's ideological analysis philosophy, which holds that folk tourism is the result of collusion among power politics, capital and local culture under the background of globalization, and it is a post-modern cultural phenomenon, serving the demands of nation-state modernization. In addition, the combination of folklore and psychology can also be an innovation. Wang Degang and others investigated the characteristics of tourists' demand for folk tourism products from the perspective of consumer psychology, including the pursuit of the unity of the times, artistry and practicality, the diversification of consumption and demand, the personalization of consumption and the convenience of carrying.

(C) the overall-local analysis method

This method can also be called full focus analysis in essence.

1. Articles using holistic analysis account for a considerable part of the total number of papers. They grasp the problems from a macro perspective, examine the problems encountered in the development of folk tourism in China, put forward corresponding countermeasures from different angles, and look forward to the future development trend, and so on.

2. The local (focus) analysis method specifically analyzes the development of folk tourism in a certain region from a micro perspective. Its research field involves most provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions in China, and the research level ranges from province to village. Based on the specific regional situation, the research content of this paper analyzes the historical causes, development mode and significance, current situation and content, existing problems and solutions of folk tourism development, and extends the interpretation from a small scale to a large scale. There are also many researches in this field, covering a wide range of areas. For example, in the total number of documents (1 12 documents selected according to the database), Xinjiang, Guangxi, Yunnan, Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, Liaoning, Tianjin, Hunan, Sichuan, Chongqing, Jiangxi, Gansu and other northern and central and western provinces, or such as Changping, Kashgar and Enshi in Xinjiang, were analyzed. In addition, the in-depth study of folk tourism is closely related to ethnic minorities, and a large number of documents have been published around the development of folk customs in ethnic minority areas, such as the development of folk customs of ethnic minority tourism in three southwestern provinces.

(D) Cross-regional analysis methods

Also called regional comparison method, there are two cases: 1. Comparative analysis between different regions in China: 2. Transnational comparative analysis. In view of the situation of 1, the two sides of the Taiwan Strait held a seminar on sightseeing, leisure and rural folk tourism in Beijing in 2002. "China Tourism Development Forum-Beijing Dialogue" also adopted inter-provincial and inter-city methods to compare and analyze the similarities and differences of rural folk tourism development. In view of these two situations, Zhou Chunguang and others started with the introduction of the Japanese "Mount Li" phenomenon, and through the analysis of the development status of folk tourism in the suburbs of Beijing, put forward suggestions for the sustainable development of folk tourism, and actively advocated the creation of local natural culture and folk tourism development model with China characteristics.

(5) Other methods (innovative ideas)

Including "classical enumeration method" and "historical analytic hierarchy process".

1. "Classic enumeration method" refers to enumerating typical cases in the development process of folk tourism and analyzing the development mode and prospect of folk tourism. When discussing the successful mode of folk tourism development in China, Chen Jinghui listed three typical modes in the process of folk tourism development: the development of Naxi Mosuo folk culture tourism in Lugu Lake area; Xi 'an welcomed Clinton with an antique grand ceremony; Overseas Chinese Town in Shenzhen has made great efforts in brand folk tourism, and on this basis, some suggestions are put forward for the development of folk tourism in Inner Mongolia.

2. "Historical Step Analysis" refers to using the typical characteristics of different historical stages of folk tourism development to examine the development process and improvement measures of folk tourism. The specific application of these two innovative methods in research is not much, even if they appear, they are in the form of summary, which requires us to further improve the diversity of research methods and thus improve the credibility of research results.

Fourthly, the innovative ideas of folk tourism.

(A) handle the relationship between folk tourism and related theme tourism.

With the slogan of "sustainable development of tourism" put forward, tourism forms with the theme of "eco-tourism", "rural tourism", "red tourism" and "folk tourism" have mushroomed. As a new growth point of tourism in recent years, folk tourism has always been under the banner of "folk customs" to attract tourists with local folk customs and develop local tourism economy. In fact, the development of folk tourism is synchronous and related to other forms of tourism, which is embodied in:

1. The characteristics of "folklore" in folklore tourism run through the contents of eco-tourism, rural tourism and red tourism, showing the mutual coverage of region and content, with the characteristics of "folklore, ecology, red and rural singing";

2. They are all new forms of tourism, and their formation mechanism and development model are similar to some extent, and the four themes are compatible and complementary;

3. Most tourism takes place in remote mountainous areas and remote villages. The above-mentioned tourism forms conform to the situation, effectively publicize the local characteristic culture, promote the local economic development, and maintain the harmonious development of economy and environment.

(2) Pay attention to the parallel development of urban folk tourism, rural folk tourism and agricultural folk tourism.

Folklore is a profound knowledge. How to better enrich the content of folk tourism and show rich tourism culture has always been a concern of researchers. The theory of "harmony" requires us to contribute to the ecological sustainability of tourism. Rural folk tourism and agricultural tourism are the key points of the sustainable development of folk tourism. They are cultural phenomena that accompany the rural or agricultural economic life in ancient China, and they are also the most important thing for us to develop folk tourism at present. However, the progress of society and the diversification of tourism development require that folk tourism should not be confined to a small area. Up to now, there are still many folk tourism papers that still follow the views of the early British anthropology school and pay a lot of attention to ancient folk customs, so they pay too much attention to ethnic groups or rural areas with immature markets and develop a series of folk tourism projects. At the same time, domestic cities still attract a large proportion of tourists in the tourism market, which provides a great market space for the development of urban folk tourism, and our research space is still very large. For example, Qiu Fudong and others put forward the development model of Shanghai urban folklore tourism on the basis of investigating the characteristics of Shanghai urban folklore, and evaluated the role of urban tourism development from the aspects of urban culture and tourism atmosphere, tourism products and tourism commodities. In a word, to do a good job in folk tourism, we must combine the folk characteristics of urban and rural areas to realize the harmonious development of folk tourism between regions, achieve the effect of complementing each other, give tourists more choices and fundamentally complete the diversified construction of folk tourism.

(C) to solve the traditional problems of folk tourism-"sustainable development" and "three rural issues"

The sustainable development of folk tourism involves a wide range of contents, including economy, society, culture and ecological environment.

1. The idea of sustainable economic development can be used to guide the production, supply and marketing activities of folk tourism, thus solving the contradiction between supply and demand;

2. The sustainability of society and culture requires strengthening the propaganda of traditional folk culture values in the development of folk tourism, improving the quality of local residents, stimulating their self-esteem, self-love and pride in their communities and local cultures, and improving their ability to control their own lives. It is necessary to strengthen publicity and education on respecting the social and cultural customs of tourist reception areas, and so on;

3. Environmental sustainability mainly lies in strengthening environmental protection, and carrying out various forms of eco-environmental education for folk tourism developers, managers, tourists and local people to improve their environmental awareness.

Nowadays, a considerable part of folk tourism is concentrated in rural areas, and the issue of "agriculture, countryside and farmers" has become the core issue of "sustainable development". Taking Changping District of Beijing as an example, Li put forward some countermeasures to solve the problems of agriculture, countryside and farmers, such as speeding up the adjustment of industrial structure, creating a good industrial environment, coordinating development with other industries and government support. Li Lingui and others believe that "Nongjiale" folk tourism can effectively solve the following problems on "agriculture, countryside and farmers"-solving the problem of increasing farmers' income; Solve the adjustment problem of agricultural and rural industrial structure; Solve the transfer problem of rural surplus labor force; Accelerate the process of agricultural marketization and rural urbanization.

(D) Give play to the "characteristic" marketing of folk tourism.

"Characteristics" mainly include the characteristics of marketing objects (folk products) and marketing media (marketing means).

1. Characteristics of marketing object (folk products): refers to the local design of tourism folk products that meet the needs of tourists according to the characteristics of local folk customs. For example, Changping explores the "wine culture" of its folk tourism with the theme of "wine"; Manchu people develop traditional food according to national characteristics, making brand products such as "Saqima" world-famous; Liaoning has unique views on the development of folk tourist souvenirs; In addition, the concept of "developing folk tourism in ethnic universities" has also become a hot topic in the tourism industry, and so on.

2. The characteristics of marketing media (marketing means): that is, the way of marketing, in fact, the key lies in how to promote their own special products. Xiao Jianchun made an advertisement analysis of folk tourism in Chongqing, Sichuan, and put forward that advertisements must make full use of rich folk tourism resources, seek the overall scale effect, further internationalize on the basis of localization, and so on. In a word, the principle of folk tourism advertising lies in its true content, distinctive features and various forms, and it uses the media through artistic means to push products to the market and move towards internationalization.

(e) Promote the expansion of folklore tourism education.

1. Strengthen "talent education": The shortage of folk tourism talents (especially management talents) has become a restrictive factor for the development of community folk tourism. The rational protection and development of ethnic cultural tourism resources need ethnic elite talents, which deepens the connotation of folklore research in theory and practice. Therefore, the cultivation of tourism talents must adhere to the principle of combining the cultivation of tourism talents with the introduction, build a talent base for the sustainable development of tourism by using universities, junior colleges, technical secondary schools, vocational schools and tourism training centers, improve the comprehensive quality of tourism professionals through on-the-job training, and introduce some urgently needed senior management or management talents to meet the comprehensive requirements of the development of folk tourism. In addition, education in minority areas is also quite distinctive. Jason suggested that ethnic primary schools should not only open to the outside world to let tourists know about local folk customs, but also reflect ethnic characteristics in some educational contents according to the specific conditions in ethnic minority areas.

2. Cultivate the concept of "community participation": mainly emphasize local residents' participation in the decision-making of tourism development in order to obtain economic and social benefits, and at the same time strengthen the education and training of community residents in tourist destinations to improve their tourism awareness and environmental protection concept, so as to achieve the purpose of transforming the passive subject-object relationship formed by residents' passive acceptance of environmental protection before education into the active and conscious environmental protection concept of residents after education, so as to enable residents in tourist destinations to consciously maintain the healthy development of the environment and form a series of cycles.

(6) Innovating the modernization of folk tourism.

The simplicity and inheritance of folk tourism do not exclude the modernization of folk tourism. With the progress of science and technology and the development of transportation, the originally closed areas with rich folk customs began to face the outside world; Economic integration and information exchange make the development of folk tourism tend to modernization, but it is worth noting that modernization is put forward on the basis of not wasting the local ecological environment and realizing sustainable development. Excessive commercialization and economization will only lead to the extinction of folk culture in the ensuing economic recession, which is a vicious circle that we should try our best to avoid in the process of development and construction. At the same time, on the basis of benign development, modern network technology can be introduced to create the digital life of local people, which will facilitate the further development of folk tourism market and realize market scale and benefits.

Summary and prospect of verb (abbreviation of verb)

At present, the overall level of folklore tourism research in China is not high and the depth is not enough, but the development momentum is good. It is in the initial exploration stage, and there are many problems that need further study. Facing the current problems, there are mainly the following aspects: lack of theoretical system, failure to achieve systematic research; The proportion of qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis is unbalanced; Ignoring the combination of theory and practice, theory lags behind practice; The case analysis is too simplified and the analysis problem is not in-depth; Do not pay attention to hot issues, and there is a lack of thinking connection between hot issues; Lack of the combination of subjective factors and objective factors, putting the problem of "people" itself in a secondary position; Simple thinking, less innovation and so on. Of course, only when problems are found can they be solved. While examining these problems, we should also think about our own improvement and promotion steps. This is the key issue. In recent years, our research has been progressing step by step, exploring the hot spots of folk tourism from different dimensions, broadening our thinking and cultivating avant-garde thinking mode on the basis of foreign research. This will be a bright spot and a challenge for the new round of tourism economy.